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CT guided FNAC is a simple and safe procedure of diagnostic value in patients with lung lesions suspected to have lung malignancy. We undertook a study on 41 patients and were able to diagnose/rule out malignancy in 85.37% of these patients, while in 14.63% of patients the smears were non diagnostic. Once malignancy was diagnosed in these patients, then the next most important step was to categorize the lesions. 44% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 12.12% had adenocarcinoma, 9.75% had small cell carcinoma, 7.31% had poorly differentiated carcinoma, 4.87% each had metastasis & tuberculosis and 2.43% had aspergillosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest subtype in our study, which is contrary to changing trends in incidence of lung carcinoma where adenocarcinoma has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest lung malignancy. Three of our patients had minor complication in the form of mild pneumothorax, and it resolved in all patients within 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common biliary tract malignancy in the world. Radiological investigations are helpful in diagnosing the gallbladder diseases especially carcinoma in most of the cases, but confirmation of diagnosis requires cytopathological correlation. We have undertaken a study on 29 patients, who underwent ultrasound guided FNAC for evaluation of gallbladder lesions suspected to be carcinoma gallbladder. 82.75% of patients had malignancy or suspicion of malignancy and 10.34% patients had abscesses, while in 6.9% patients FNAC was inconclusive. Adenocarcinoma (NOS) was the most common diagnosis and was found in 62.6% of patients. Poorly differentiated carcinoma, cytology suspicious of malignancy and abscesses were present in 7% of patients each. Papillary carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were only seen in 3.44% patients each. None of the patients in our study developed any minor or major complications during the procedure. A precise cytological examination is required not only to diagnose or rule out gallbladder malignancy, but also for prognostication of these carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare and find diagnostic accuracy of Transvaginal sonography (TVS) over Transabdominal sonography (TAS) in evaluation of adnexal lesions. A cross sectional comparative study of 50 patients including both pre and postmenopausal women who were clinically suspected to have adnexal mass were scanned on Logiq GE C5 Premium ultrasonography unit. TAS was performed with 3.5MHz electronic macro convex probe followed by TVS with 6.5 MHz end firing electronic TVS probe. TVS was found to be superior in diagnosing adnexal lesions. In comparison with TAS, TVS diagnosed benign cystic teratomas (100% versus 40%), endometriomas (90% versus 57.1%), haemorrhagic ovarian cysts (85.7% versus 50%, hydrosalpinx (75% versus 25%), pyosalpinx/tubo-ovarian mass (75% versus 75%), and ectopic pregnancy (100% versus 77.7%). In our study ovarian cancers were better detected by TAS due to their large size. TVS was found to be superior in diagnosing adnexal masses as compared to TAS with more accurate delineation of internal architectural features as wall thickness and complexity, nodules, septae, papillary projections, internal echoes thereby narrowing the differentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate role of HRCT in detecting and diagnosing the pathologies and congenital anomalies of the temporal bone. The prospective study was conducted on 40 patients with suspected temporal bone pathologies on Bright Speed Elite 16 CT scanner in the department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging in Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sidhra Jammu. Imaging findings were correlated with surgical findings where ever applicable. Temporal bone pathologies were more common in males (65%) with 67.5% in age group 20 to 40 years. Most common temporal bone pathologies were infections (60%), trauma (17.5%) followed by tumours (12.5%). Infection of middle ear was most common pathology encountered 60% in which ossicular erosion was most common (37.5%). Most common inflammatory pathology was cholesteatoma (54.2%) followed by mastoiditis (25%). Peak incidence of trauma was seen in young (20 to 30yrs) males (85.7%) with squamous part being involved in 100% followed by petrous (85.7%) and mastoid part (57.1%). Tumours was third common pathology with 80% of subjects in the age group 40 to 80 yrs Acoustic neuroma was most common (40%) followed by meningioma (20%). HRCT outweighs the conventional modalities of investigations and provides higher spatial resolution and better soft tissue contrast for evaluation of Temporal Bone lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current Study was done to understand the demographic factors and pattern of diseases in patients of STDs. This is a tertiary care based retrospective study of all the patients attending STD clinic at the department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Jammu for a period of 2 years from Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Detailed history, demographical data and clinical features with relevant investigations were recorded and analysed in all the patients. All the patients were screened for HIV and Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test. A total of 275 patients with complaints of genital lesion were included in this study. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Most of the patients were in the age group of 15-30 years. 79.3% patients were married. The history of extramarital and premarital sexual exposure was seen in 38.5% of the married and 86% of the unmarried patients respectively. Herpes genitalis was the most common STD (24.7%), followed by molluscum contagiosum (23.3%), genital warts (22.6%), syphilis (20%) and others. Syphilis was the most common bacterial STD observed. 5.1% of the STDs patients were found to be HIV positive.A comprehensive study of the epidemiological data of STDs is very important in order to reduce the incidence or prevalence of STDs in a geographical area. The persistent and recurrent nature of viral infections is responsible for their increasing trends in current STD scenario. STD being higher in married individuals further emphasizes the importance of contact tracing, counselling and prompt management of the partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current observational study was conducted to evaluate the morphology of extracranial parts of carotid arteries by colour doppler in patients of stroke and to assess the peak systolic velocity ratio of internal carotid artery/common carotid artery and its utility in diagnosis of the carotid arterial disease. Duplex ultrasound is an inexpensive, non-invasive method that can provide functional and anatomical information about vessel stenosis and plaque morphology. It is a sensitive method for detection of atherosclerotic plaque and provides considerable information about the extent and severityof plaque as well as the resulting diminution of arterial lumen.The study of Colour Doppler of carotid arteries was carried on 35 patients presenting with stroke. The data gathered included grey scale and Doppler findings of common carotid, internal carotid and external carotid arteries. In this study, the commonest lesion found was the atherosclerotic plaque. Most common risk factor for increased intima -media thickness of carotid vessel is found in patients with history of smoking > 10 years. Atheromatous plaque was most commonly found in the left carotid and bilateral system (41.1%). Most common site for atheromatous plaque was found to be carotid bifurcation (48.5%). Significant stenosis (i.e. >40%) was found in 24(64%) of the cases. Peak systolic velocity ratio showed significant stenosis in 24 (68.5%) of patients. The role of carotid Doppler in detecting the site and morphology of atherosclerotic plaque with quantifying the amount of stenosis is very well-justified. In addition carotid Doppler can also be used to assess the prognosis in potential symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with one or the other risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights clinical features and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis from a new focus of the disease in Jammu and Kashmir, previously a non-endemic area. It was a hospital based study in which 82 new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis detected between June 2015 and July 2016 were evaluated for clinical aspects, epidemiology, geographical origin and treatment. The clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made by using criteria proposed by Bari and Rahman and was confirmed by the demonstration of leishmania Donovan bodies in the slit skin smear, histopathology and satisfactory response to intralesional sodium stibogluconate. 82 new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired indigenously were studied. There were 54(65. %) males and 28(34.15%) females with an age range of 2 to 65 years. All the patients belonged to a particular region comprising of three districts surrounding river Chenab. Face involvement was seen in majority of patients and a nodulo-ulerative plaque was the most common lesion. Farmers (25.2%), laborers (24.2%) and students (22.4%) were the highest represented groups among occupation. Skin smear and biopsy were positive for LD bodies in 49(59.75%) and 29(35.3%) cases respectively. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease of tropical and semi-tropical areas of the world. In India the disease is mainly confined to northwestern region. There has been a recent rise in the number of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jammu and Kashmir where the disease was not known to occur earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is recognized as the disease of females; however, males are also affected and have serious consequences thereof., the present study was undertaken with the aim to study the prevalence of osteoporosis in otherwise healthy Indian males using DEXA spine and Femur.DEXA Spine of the study population suggested that 36.53% of the population was hving osteopenia and only 7.69 % of the male were suffering from osteoporosis and 55.76% of the study population was normal. DEXA Femur of the study population suggested that 30.76% of the population was having osteopenia and only 3.48 % of the male were suffering from osteoporosis and 65.38 %of the study population was normal. As per age wise classification DEXA Spine and femur suggested that age more than 40 had significantly more osteopenia & osteoporosis in comparison to population with age less than 40 years. Healthy Men particularly with advancing age presented with osteopenia and osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meckel's cave tumors are uncommon intracranial tumours. Lipoma in meckel's cave is a rare entity. CT & MRI imaging are modialities used to evaluate meckel's cave lesion. We report a case of Meckel's cave lipoma presenting with trigeminal neuralgia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A eight year old girl presented multiple plaques of lupus vulgaris, numerous papules of lichen scrofulosorum and involvement of right ulnar bone. The patient responded to antituberculosis therapy. The multiple foci were probably due to hematogenous dissemination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossed Fused Ectopia a rare condition is presented here with a discussion on its clinical presentation dignosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on Endosulfan (ES) (C9H6Cl6O3S) toxicology, including its symptoms and effect on the central nervous system (CNS). It states that ES poisoning induces T-cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, with over-stimulation of CNS as the predominant toxicological impact in the form of seizures. It says that ES poisoning has no specific treatment and that differences in opinion among intensive care unit teams and lack of consensus in treatment guidelines often lead to permanent morbidity or mortality. Moreover, it discusses the role of pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (PAM) in organochlorine poisoning.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of lungs with vertebral metastases at presentation is a rare entity with very few treatment options. We report a case of 78-year old non-smoker female who was investigated for low backache and found to have adenoid cystic carcinoma of right lung with lumbar vertebral metastasis. She refused palliative radiation therapy to lumbar spine because of her inability to move and severe pain. She received oral gefitinib and reported remarkable relief in symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary breast angiosarcoma is a rare type of breast malignancy accounting for only 0.04% of all malignant breast tumors. It usually occurs in third to fourth decade and reported mainly in women and rarely in men. The histological features of angiosarcomas of the breast are conventionally grade I, II or III. Total mastectomy appears to be the main stay of treatment conferring benefit, chemotherapy and radiation therapy being of little proven value to date. The prognosis remains poor irrespective of grade of tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of yearly and twice yearly pharmacology in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. It examines the efficacy of Zoledronic acid and Denosumab in treating this osteoporosis. It notes that 5 milligram of intravenous infusion of Zoledronic acid can lower bone turnover markers and vertebral marker rate, while the Denosumab can improve bone mineral density and reduce bone resorption in postmenopausal women having low bone mass. Moreover, it explores the adverse effects of these drugs.