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The aim of this paper is to present some thoughts on the sidelines of the international conference "The privilege of the written word: management, conservation and enhancement of personal papers and books", held at Salerno University on April 10-12th 2019. The conference represented a significant moment of meeting for the scientific and professional community of archives and libraries in order to debate the issues related to conservation, management and valorization of personal collections. This event also provided an opportunity for the presentation of the 'Guidelines on the treatment of personal funds' edited by the National Commission of special libraries personal archives and libraries of the Italian Library Association (AIB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates the LIBMOVIT project – Libraries on the Move: Scholars, Books, Ideas Traveling in Italy in the 18th Century – whose main research focus is the European Eighteenth century socio-cultural framework in which the library as an institution acquired an historical, social, public and dynamic dimension. This context will be analysed through a study of the Eighteenth century sources connected to the learned journey experience of the Grand Tour, in particular those contained in the Angiolo Tursi collection – one of the largest travel literature collections in Italy – held at the Marciana national library in Venice. The paper presents the planned approach of the research: first, a classification and an organization of a corpus of relevant documents for the knowledge of travel literature in connection to the libraries world will be created; in particular, the sources will be identified, further bibliographical information will be added, and new sources will be integrated to the corpus and selected documents will be digitized. After that, the research will proceed through a double analysis – traditional and computational – of the texts collected in the corpus is to be developed. First, all the library and bibliographical aspects described by travellers will be studied according to the traditional approach in humanities research to collect important information about the history of libraries (location, decoration, catalogues, opening hours, access, collections, cited books and documents), the travellers and their companions (professions, nationality, reason to travel), the people met (scholars, librarians, superintendents) and the subjects and ideas discussed during the visits in the libraries. Second, the texts will be computationally analysed through several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, starting from the automatic text recognition until arriving to more complex lexical and terminological analysis and Named Entity Recognition (NER). This work is meant to support the previously described qualitative study and will also allow to produce Linked open data about the domain entities (e.g. libraries, people, books) in view of their publication in the semantic web in order to ease and promote their exploration, visualisation and reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper first analyzes the complexity of the notion of the archival document, in its fundamental definition and its updates prompted by the shift to the digital dimension. It then sets out to consider – from a digital hermeneutic point of view – the notion of ‘document’ from the perspective of the information object and therefore of the intentional object. Finally, the paper discusses the ways in which the archive is a technological enhancement for the interrogability and ‘consultability’ of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for developing a malware ontology structure by detecting malware instances on Twitter. The ontology represents a semi-automatic classifier fed by the data extracted from tweets. In particular, the automatic part of the presented methodology relies on a pattern-based approach to detect trigger expressions leading to new information about malware, whilst the manual one covers the evaluation of the results by domain-experts, who also validate the reliability of the semantic relationships within the ontology framework. We present preliminary results on the application of our methodology to tweets extracted from MalwareBazaar database showing how the documents’ collection analysis, through Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, can support the knowledge retrieval and documents’ classification procedures for building early warning system of detected malware. Results obtained from this research paper within the time framework of 2023 are referred to the previous version of the current social network X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After almost 20 years from the first Berlin Declaration, the end of 2018 saw a new impulse in open access to publications (and not only) with the launch of Plan S by the Coalition S and with the announcement of the launch of "European Open Science Cloud". The two events are part of a new scenario that sees, in particular, publishers strongly urged by academic and government institutions to take the definitive step towards a true Open Science. After the transition from paper to electronic, everyone is called to a new challenge: to find one (or more) economically sustainable models that are no longer based on the subscription model but on that of publications. In this highly unstable phase, we speak generically of "transformative agreements". Some characteristics and problems are here analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the evolution of pop-up children books in the period from the late eighteenth century and the end of the twentieth century and, in particular, the artistic personality of some publishers/paper engineer (Dean and Son, Lothar Meggendorfer, Ernest Nister, St. Louise Giraud, Vojtech Kubăsta). The contribution also illustrates operation of some devices. It remains deliberately excluded from the analysis the digital pop-up book, which has different characteristics and problems compared to the printed book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how RDA 3R was incorporated into a two-semester cataloguing course syllabus for first-year students and investigates students’ perceptions and feelings about the courses taught. The information gathered will guide the further development and improvement of the course to fully meet the needs of students and the requirements of the market, especially with the emergence of new resource description standards. Following the course teacher’s approval, the researchers distributed questionnaires during class hours. This method ensured that all students participated. The questionnaire was completely anonymous. It included two demographic questions and the CEQ 23 instrument with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Besides that, a self-assessment questionnaire was employed to better understand their confidence in the knowledge gained. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data related to 63 individual students. The quantitative analysis employed the statistical package SPSS. The findings revealed that students are reasonably confident in their new skills but prefer more practice over theory. Finally, they mentioned that they would like more precise goals and an extension of the courses to three semesters, as the workload is quite heavy. Overall, students feel relatively confident about the knowledge gained and believe they can catalogue in a library setting. The CEQ 23 instrument can be used in various knowledge organisation courses. It can provide a better understanding, with the ultimate goal of changing the curriculum or repurposing information organisation courses, allowing any Library and Information Science (LIS) school to judge the future of studies and their direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper, starting from the draft of 73 Rules Museum proposed by Panizzi to the Trustees in March 1839, aims at bringing out Panizzi's underlying design for the new alphabetical catalog of the British Museum. Two temporal perspectives are crossed in contextualizing the process of drafting the rules: one of shorter duration, with a focus on items and actors of a confrontation that became intense between 1834 and 1839; and another, of a wider time span, aimed at reconstructing the conflicts of bibliographic cultures, the lines of tradition and the originality of Panizzi's approach. At the bottom of the draft, there is an intellectual wager: although in the context constraints, to go beyond the boundaries of the English bibliographic traditions of the time by opening up to other bibliographic cultures. The most stimulating perspective comes from Audiffredi's lesson mediated by a principle of exactitude which, if in the most immediate references has roots in the highest peaks of the contemporary French bibliographic culture (Barbier and Querard), draws its sap from the erudite tradition of the Italian eighteenth century (Tiraboschi). The paper discusses whether and what changes were made to this design in the passage from 73 to 91. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Open Research Knowledge Graph (ORKG) is a digital library for machine-actionable scholarly knowledge, with a focus on structured research comparisons obtained through expert crowdsourcing. While the ORKG has attracted a community of more than 1,000 users, the curated data has not been subject to an in-depth quality assessment so far. Here, proposed as a first exemplary step, within a team of domain experts, we evaluate the quality of six selected ORKG Comparisons based on three criteria, namely: 1) the quality of semantic modelling, 2) the maturity of the Comparisons in terms of their completeness, syntactic representation, identifier stability, and their linkability mechanisms ensuring the interoperability and discoverability. Finally, 3) the informative usefulness of the Comparisons to expert and lay users. We have found that each criterion addresses a unique and independent aspect of quality. Backed by the observations of our quality evaluations presented in this paper, a fitting model of knowledge graph quality appears one that is indeed multidimensional as ours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over twenty years public institutions and foundations committed in cultural heritage curation and preservation worked up methodologies, strategies and techniques for long-term digital preservation of digital resources. Thanks to a relevant number of initiatives and services carried on by international institutions and specialized agencies, public and private libraries reached a high level of awareness in this field which requires continuous adaptation due to the constant evolution of publishing industry and the rapid emergence of Open Science. After a quick review of digital preservation milestones, this article looks at some emerging trends and issues which characterize the constant transformation of digital preservation landscape. Dynamic generated digital contents and Open Science to fulfil findability, accessibility, interoperability and reuse (FAIR) of digital assets are engaging new challenges for existing digital preservation services. Digital curation and digital preservation are deeply merged and proceed in parallel to assure long-term usage of digital resources and data. How to select and deploy digital preservation platforms is another complex area where Cloud services can offer the opportunity to reduce the costs of technical infrastructures maintenance and management. Policy and decision making institutional levels need more awareness to draw up digital preservation strategies and to activate services to assure digital contents and data long-term access and reuse. Finally the paper suggests to promote "digital preservation by design" as a new base rule to be applied since the conception of every project and initiative in the cultural heritage, scientific and academic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of archival publishing, the transition phase in which the relationship between print and digital was in contrast is considered closed and it’s time to move towards a new model of integration. It would be time to start a more mature reflection, in the perspective of imagining a dialectical relationship, not of contrast but capable of overcoming indifference in view of a fruitful integration. For this purpose, this paper provides some ideas and some proposals for work, in the hope that the academic world, Anai and Directorate General Archives will start in collaboration shared work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to illustrate how, between the 19th and 20th centuries, the practice of archival inventory was established even in Italian municipalities, in relation to the calls of the Ministry of the Interior, the indications of a developing discipline and professional manuals exemplifying practices and models. Through the use of diagrams, we trace the development of the inventory in the local context, which initially has a patrimonial connotation, but gradually takes on a cultural function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open peer review (OPR) is a type of review that has long since made space alongside the more well-known single-blind and double-blind peer reviews. Despite this, we still do not have a shared definition by the scientific community and publishers. The purpose of this paper is to offer some reflections on the selection of reviewers in OPR, a process that in its current configuration is traced back to the 19th century. After a brief overview of the best-known definitions of open peer review, the paper continues with an analysis of some aspects of reviewer selection carried out with the help of data from a recent survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer review is one of the most efficient ways to ensure the quality of papers for possible publication in scholarly journals. However, the process of peer review is not free of bias and disorders. Many reviewers are unaware of how their attitudes towards the evaluation of scholarly papers may violate Peer Review Ethics (PRE). This paper attempts to analyze the different ethical issues influencing the job of reviewing. The research sample for this study included 7 Iranian library and information journals, 124 Iranian peer reviewers, and 34 authors. Peer reviewers and authors were asked to evaluate the most important ethical elements of peer review in Iranian LIS journals through two different questionnaires based on Rajabali Beglou et al. (2019) research. Findings showed that there was no difference among authors and reviewers in terms of gender in most PRE elements. Also, the level of experience of the authors was not significant in terms of understanding and acceptance of the PRE among reviewers and authors. However, review experiences regarding some PRE elements were significant in respondents’ viewpoints. The experiences reviewers had already gained were influential on their views about PRE. In addition, results showed that there were significant differences among reviewers and authors about the PRE elements in LIS journals. Authorship experiences had not effect on the PRE elements and the dual role of peer reviewing and authorship had no impact on their views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When treating structured health-system-related knowledge, the establishment of an over-dimension to guide the separation of entities becomes essential. This is consistent with the information retrieval processes aimed at defining a coherent and dynamic way - meaning by that the multilevel integration of medical textual inputs and computational interpretation - to replicate the flow of data inserted in the clinical records. This study presents a strategic technique to categorize the clinical entities related to patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases. After a pre-processing range of tasks over paper-based and handwritten medical records, and through subsequent machine learning and, more specifically, natural language processing operations over the digitized clinical records, the research activity provides a semantic support system to detect the main symptoms and locate them in the appropriate clusters. Finally, the supervision of the experts proved to be essential in the correspondence sequence configuration aimed at providing an automatic reading of the clinical records according to the clinical data that is needed to predict the detection of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few years, artists' archives have gained a central role in the debate on the nature, treatment and valorization of 20th century and contemporary archives. They are fascinating and precious aggregations, characterized by a plurality of documentary typologies and by specific requirements for their description. Starting from the definition of personal archives, the paper proposes a definition of artists' archives and then attempts to indicate their main characteristics, contents and elements of complexity. Finally, the paper attempts to establish a dialogue between archivists and artists, collectors, gallery owners, critics and curators in order to find common elements and differences in their actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important and not often addressed topic - considering the issues opened by cross-disciplinary projects - is the shared control of authority records, or better authority metadata, extended to other documentary and cultural heritage sciences. This paper will examine the potential opened by multi-dimensional and networked logics in the representation of entities in the form of data towards which the document communities are converging. This approach is even more valid if we consider the users' point of view, presently forced to jump from one information environment to another, and confront different names, forms and attributes for the same entities. The core entities to work on are persons, corporate bodies, places, chronological contexts, events, qualifying their relationships. After a brief resume of archival description's peculiarity, the paper highlights the updated standards available, mostly IFLA-LRM and RiC, precious documents to start from and stimulate an active collaboration. To facilitate the sharing, control, and enrichment of authority data in the form of RDF assertions, librarians and archivists may follow several pathways: matching the existing conceptual models, converging on a shared data playground like Wikidata, and developing foundational meta-ontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal Bibliographic Control was formulated in the 1960s and 1970s, and was at the core of international bibliographic productions and exchange in the subsequent decades. However, in a digital ecosystem that is very different from the context in which it was born and thrived, it is important to examine what Universal Bibliographic Control means to the international bibliographic community, that is, the producers and managers of bibliographic - and authority - metadata, today. This paper is meant to invite discussion and reflections and to resonate with the various papers from the International conference on Bibliographic control in the digital ecosystem, organised by the University of Florence in February 2021. It focuses on the future of interoperability and the role of UBC in a democratic society, in the context of mass digital information, and its companion technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic journals have been incorporating several elements of open science: open access (since 2000), later, the deposit of research data of the articles published, the dissemination of preprints before the publication of the paper and, finally, the open peer review (OPR). While open access is well-established and the inclusion of research data is increasingly widespread, the OPR is just at the beginning of its incorporation as a real alternative to the double-blind model, which is the most widespread and consolidated. The objective of our article is to analyse the opinion of the editors of Spanish scientific journals about the advantages and disadvantages or barriers for the implementation of the OPR. This is a qualitative study that has been carried out from the open answers of a questionnaire sent to the 1875 editors of the Spanish academic journals that appear in the database Dulcinea and that obtained a response of 22.4%. Regarding the limitations, the study is based on the opinions and experience of the editors of Spanish scientific journals, which are mostly published by academic institutions and are in the field of social sciences and humanities. The results focus on delving into the advantages and disadvantages. Among the encouraging factors, the editors point out that to have open reports is very useful for the scientific community, that it recognizes the role of the reviewer, makes it possible to control the arbitrariness of some reviewers, and that it promotes the reviewer-author dialogue. The main barriers discussed are the following: a possible lack of objectivity and rigor, resistance to change a consolidated system (“double-blind”), knowing the author benefits established authors and harms novices, more difficulties for finding reviewers, increases costs and can lengthen the review process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I discuss from an economic perspective two of the most recent suggestions to reform the peer review system: (a) payment to referees; (b) ex post peer review. I show that strong economic arguments militate against these ideas. With respect to payment to referees I use results from the economic analysis of prosocial behavior and the private production of public goods, which show that the supply of monetary incentives has the paradoxical effect of reducing the willingness of agents to collaborate, insofar as they substitute intrincic motivation with extrinsic motivation. With respect to ex post peer review, I show that it fails to offer sufficient incentives to researchers, since it is anonymous, depersonalized, and weak in its marginal impact on publishing decisions. I take this argument to criticize the lack of theorizing, in the side of radical proponents of Open access, about the conditions for transition from the subscription model to the Open model. It is this lack of critical attention to economic arguments that has led to the unintended but dramatic outcome of a net increase in the cost of scientific publishing, as documented in very recent papers. Finally, I advance a proposal for admitting payments to referees, but not as individuals but as groups of researchers. I offer this idea to open discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the nowadays world characterized by complexity, the digital systems for archival and bibliographic description are, especially in Italy, a faithful mirror of too many horizontal (among bodies with national functions) and vertical (among central and peripheral levels) complications. The integration of data sets conceived according to the up-to-date conceptual domain models would simplify the dynamics of representation, improve user experiences, and optimize the environmental costs of computing infrastructures. The concepts to be shared should relate to agents (individual or collective), places, and chronological data, deepening on how to address the more complex issues opened by things. This paper introduces three possible scenarios of semantic cooperation between archivists and librarians, not necessarily alternative: activating a conceptual matching through common entities, relying on a neutral semantic data infrastructure such as Wikidata, or, finally, developing a transversal core ontology. Hoping that disciplinary boundaries will not impede cooperation, two types of impediments must be considered: the organizational one (bottom-up, top-down, or a virtuous synergy between the two organizational models?) and the crucial issue of offering easy-to-use interfaces to end users, not only constituted by software agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of user tasks in the conceptual models, with an overview of the objectives and functions of the catalogue from Cutter to the International Cataloguing Principles, a critical reflection on user tasks and a proposal for a rethinking of these. The user tasks as presented in the conceptual models present critical aspects, in particular they do not bring out some important aspects concerning the users' motivations for searches and the users' competences. The presentation of some critical aspects of user Ttasks is followed by an initial proposal for a more complex reflection on how users use catalogues to carry out searches of different kinds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since many years libraries, archives and museums, the institutions entrusted with the dissemination and conservation of cultural heritage, contributed to metada standards definition, meta-dating methodologies and metadata representation in different syntaxes, by partecipating to national projects and international initiatives. Management systems and catalogs used in these contexts borrow from information and telecommunication technology tools, metodoligies and techniques to generate, organize, share and use various types of metadata. But the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) area is not only a supplier of technological tools and solutions as it also constitutes a rich basin in which metadata plays a fundamental role in designing architectures, modeling information systems and implementing services. Through an overview that includes national and European initiatives, especially in the digital transformation process of the public sector, this paper aims to offer a look to metadata beyond the traditional boundary of libraries and other cultural institutions and to underline some relevant aspects such as standardization, sharing, reuse and metadata quality assessment. This framework highlights the need to carry on with the path of cooperation between different functional domains and organizational contexts in order to consolidate and extend the (re)use of metadata schemes, ontologies and controlled vocabularies both in the redesign of digitized processes and in the implementation of services supporting them. By undertaking since design early stages a multidisciplinary approach based on metadata standards can ensure greater flexibility and higher interoperability. This vision requires the enhancement of intersectorial skills that meld metadata methodologies and syntaxes representation basic knowledge with the ability to model functional domains using metadata schemes and ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the technological implementation of the emergent bibliographic models (IFLA LRM in particular) taking into account one of the most widespread platforms for the semantic web, namely Wikibase. Different initiatives of implementation of LRM have been taken into account, included: a) a prototype cataloging interface; b)the implementation of the new cataloging system for the Bibliothéque Nationale de France (Bnf); c) a test of use of one of the feature of the Wikibase data model - namely the "qualifier" - to find a sustainable solution for the LRM nomen entity. Wikibase and his data model cannot be considered the magical unicorn that solves all problems. More in-depth analysis and tests are needed, but - as an intermediate result - we can consider Wikibase a promising platform also in the bibliographic field with a low entry barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the themes of integration between the different cataloguing and disciplinary descriptive traditions. It initially evaluates the transition phase from methods to established practices up to the new solicitations caused by the transformations of information production models. Lastly, the paper focus on the theme of the reconceptualization of domain languages to move on to outline the concept of metacataloguing as a possible descriptive synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bibliographic and authority data of materials in Japanese, it is necessary to represent kanji (Chinese characters) and its reading as a pair. Readings, called "yomi" in Japanese, are represented in katakana or the alphabet (romanization form). The readings in Japanese language have many variations depending on the context, so Japanese bibliographic information needs to provide both kanji and its reading as a pair to avoid misunderstandings. The JAPAN/MARC is a machine readable version of the Japanese National Bibliography and provides sets of kanji, katakana-yomi and romaji-yomi (romanization form) of bibliographic and authority data. This paper introduces how readings of bibliographic and authority data in Japanese have been expressed and handled mainly in JAPAN/MARC, compared with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to give a new definition of the word "Archives" as a result of an accurate survey of doctrinal orientations on this specific subject, analyzing - word by word - each particular lemma which makes up the new proposal. Even though there is no definition that is valid in every context, but archival theory seems to suffer largely from a heterogeneous vision, downstream of a rigorous scientific journey, but dense of conceptual and lexical unexpected contingencies. Each term - with meanings and contexts - does not constitute a simple signifier, but refers to a specific baggage of every disciplinary and cultural tradition. For these reasons, we will attempt to provide an overview of the definitions of archives, from the particular to the general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the process of publication of the metadata of the articles published on JLIS.it in the period 2010-2019 as Linked Open Data on Wikidata. The aim of the publication was to improve the number of Italian Library and Information Science papers on Wikidata, after the upload of the metadata of the papers published on the Italian journal Bibliothecae.it and to test new automatic tools for the publication process. OpenRefine was used to implement the process, as it allowed to upload metadata of different entities (journal, authors, names and family names of the authors, etc.) in sequential steps, and, in the last step, to upload the papers and all their relevant relationships. Metadata of two Italian LIS journals makes possible a few quantitative analyses on Italian scientific literature, by means of Scholia, a free Wikidata tool created for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers an overview of ethical issues about cataloguing. After a general introduction about the topic in library science, the paper analyses two principal issues: access to information, in particular about semantic access, and data. Ethical issues are a part of the cataloguing process and affect the way cataloguers create metadata for the users. The last part of the paper presents an analysis of the proposal for a specific code of ethics for cataloguers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential growth in the generation and use of research data has important consequences for scientific culture and library mandates. This paper explores how the bibliographic control function in one academic library has been expanded to embrace research data in the social sciences and humanities. Library bibliographic control (BC) of research datasets has emerged at the same time as library research data management (RDM). These two functions are driven by digital change; the rise of the open science and open data movements; library management of institutional repositories; and the increasing recognition that data sharing serves the advancement of science, the economy and society. Both the research data management function and the bibliographic control function can be enhanced by librarians' awareness of scholarly projects throughout the research data lifecycle (input, elaboration and output) - and not only when research datasets are submitted for reposit. These library roles require knowledge of data sources and provenance; research project context; database copyright; data protection; data documentation and the FAIR Guiding Principles, to make data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. This case study suggests that by creating synergies between the research data management function (during research projects) and the formal bibliographic control function (at the end of research projects) - librarians can make an enhanced contribution to good scientific practice and responsible research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transition from MARC to linked data, how we create and manage bibliographic data is drastically changing. This shift provides increased opportunity to test resource description theory and develop best practices. However, efforts to simultaneously define models for creating native linked data descriptions and crosswalk these models with MARC have resulted in ontological differences between implementers and unique extensions. From the outside looking in this progress may look more like bibliographic chaos than control. This apparent chaos, and the associated experimentation is important for communities to chart a path forward, but also points to a challenge ahead. Ultimately this disparate community innovation must be harnessed and consolidated so that open standards development supports the interoperability of library data. This paper will focus on modelling differences between RDA and BIBFRAME, recent attempts at MARC to BIBFRAME conversion, and work on BIBFRAME application profiles, in an attempt to define shared purpose and common ground in the manifestation of real world data. Emphasis will be placed on the balance between core standards (RDA, MARC, BIBFRAME) and community based extensions and practice (LC, PCC, LD4P, Share-VDE), and the need for a feedback loop from one to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses collocation as a fundamental concept of metadata description that is reinterpreted and expanded in the BIBFRAME library linked data environment via the development of "hubs". With the MARC title authority description as a basis, the relationships that support broader collocation are examined and the affinity of the MARC title authority to a bibliographic entity is explained. The reinterpretation of the title authority as a bibliographic hub will assist the fluidity needed in today's environment between the MARC format, used for the last 50 years, and the new BIBFRAME ontology intended to replace it for richer linked data applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1994 cognitive scientist Stevan Harnad made what he defined a "subversive proposal" to his colleagues: «immediately start serf-archiving their papers on the Internet». Since then, institutional repositories have been chaotically developing, alongside disciplinary repositories. In the early XXI Century the public debate was centered on their purposes and therefore on what they were supposed to contain; librarians joined the discussion and contributed to it by implementing descriptive standards such as Dublin Core and interoperability protocols (OAI-PMH). The themes under discussion were closely related to bibliographic and authority control, given that the quality of metadata has a profound impact on the quality of the services offered to users. Presently, we are still trying to answer some of those old questions: what (or whom) are IRs for? Is bibliographic control so necessary within an environment that has never failed in self-archiving? Can we consider IRs a bibliographic tool? We also need to deal with a wider vision: in a scenario that saw the transition from OPACs (created, managed and controlled by librarians) to current discovery tools (with their information redundancy and the related problems on data correctness and quality control) can librarians still be authoritative and act effectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metadata have become a key element of scientific communication. Indeed, the content of a publication - that is, what we love, discuss and judge - is no longer the alpha and omega of a scientific publication nor its exclusive centre of gravity. Books are gradually taking the form of an iceberg, whose visible part is represented by the content, while the submerged part is constituted by metadata. In the current communication approach of scientific research, metadata and dissemination go hand in hand, as metadata provide a huge contribution to the success of the research itself. In this paper, I will illustrate how - in the field of today's scholarly publishing - best practices, simple metadata, and cataloguing indicators such as DOI and ORCID are taking on the task that was once accomplished by chariots pulled by sturdy horses coming out of Aldo Manuzio's workshop: spreading books and the discoveries of scientific research all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When IFLA defined the concept of Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) during the 1960s, the objective was to describe all resources published worldwide and split this task internationally by developing tools (such as the ISBD and UNIMARC) for the exchange of descriptive metadata. Today libraries are aiming to build web-oriented catalogues, based on the IFLA LRM model: when the ISBD "resource" is split into the WEMI entities, it seems necessary to adopt a new approach toward UBC and to define new criteria. The BnF has initiated this process. This paper presents which criteria engage BnF's responsibility as a provider of reference metadata identifying an instance of a WEMI entity or an agent. It also presents the quality approach developed by the cataloguing staff in order to reach its objectives and answer the various needs of the metadata users, in a context where the diversity of metadata sources is modifying traditional cataloguing methods. It also investigates the consequences implied by the various stages of the implementation of IFLA LRM by libraries on the exchange of metadata, and concludes with a commitment to maintain the distribution of reusable metadata for all libraries during a period still to be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the adoption of the Semantic Web (SW) technologies and Linked Data (LD) principles to manage a knowledge base about opera. The Corago repository collects historical data and documentation about opera works, performances and librettos from the 16th to the 20th century. We experimented the use of semantic technologies to manage the repository's knowledge catalogued following the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) relational model. Cultural Heritage Knowledge Bases (CHKB) as Corago could leverage SW and LD to overcome proprietary models and to introduce new information to better satisfy user's requirements. Two well-established reference ontologies as CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC CRM) and FRBR Object Oriented (FRBRoo) are adopted to transpose contents form the legacy conceptual model to RDF. Through the process, we observed that formal semantics allow, not only to adequately represent the opera domain, but also enable to define the way information is being presented to users. This led to the definition of "reception pathways" which become themselves part of the knowledge about opera within the KB. This novel semantic approach is introduced with the Corago Semantic Model (Corago SM), a domain ontology dedicated to functional representation of opera's historical data. Advancements have been tested with an experimental system and assessed through a questionnaire submitted to a panel of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is undeniable that scholarly publication is boosted nowadays by the use of the English language, but this does not (and cannot) mean that the other languages have to be obliterated as scientific and cultural agents, equally valid and indispensable. Therefore, multilingualism is an expression of bibliodiversity that has to be protected and cherished, particularly in the area of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), a field in which culturally and societally relevant studies are made in local languages, when approaching areas such as cultural heritage, education, migration, public administration. The main goal of this paper is to present a literature review in order to identify the main aspects influencing language selection and the use of multilingualism within scholarly communication, allowing for putting forward recommendations for future initiatives aiming at enhancing multilingualism, particularly in connection with the opportunities deriving from Open Science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of social media in people's everyday life has set the basis for big changes in the relationships between individuals, public and private bodies on a global scale. With public administrations willing to adjust their identities to new tools for communication, archival organizations approached to social networks to connect with new users and enhance their heritage. This paper aims to define methods, specificities and limits of the Italian archival institutions' social media policies, opening up to a first comparison with other national strategies, especially with the French one. A special focus has been put on the role of social networks in March and April 2020, when Italian archives faced a two-month lockdown following the health emergency caused by the spread of COVID-19: moved away from the ordinary work, archivists and archival institutes were encouraged to start alternative forms of communication with their users, including a more effective social campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a brief overview on Emanuele Casamassima and his research on palaeography and the history of the book. The following topics are discussed: - cataloguing manuscripts according to different models (analytical, short, shared descriptions) - restoration of manuscript and printed books - palaeographic doctrines from the late Middle Ages to the Renaissance - importance of sixteenth-century Italian writing masters for the study of the history of handwriting - aspects of the history of the handwriting in the late Middle Ages (the writing of Petrarch and Boccaccio; the humanistic graphic reform) - palaeography as a study of graphic structures, with a focus on the cursive tradition, especially during the Roman age (1st-4th centuries) and in the Middle Ages (10th-13th centuries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will present OPERAS, a comprehensive infrastructure aimed at providing a pan-European infrastructure to rethink and reshape publishing, discovery and dissemination addressing the specificity and the critical issues of Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). The paper will try to set the scene examining the status of scholarly communication, the developments of Open Access and Open Science, and the specific demands for SSH. A second part will outline how OPERAS meets these needs, taking care of all the steps of the scholarly communication cycle. OPERAS unique approach is to unite researchers, libraries and publishers in a common effort, in order to take back control over scholarly communication. Not merging nor replacing, but nurturing existing realities, OPERAS provides innovative services to bring SSH into Open Science. OPERAS is designed to elaborate effective and scalable long-term strategies for the future development of the digital infrastructure and community building needed to innovate scholarly communication in the SSH. OPERAS pervading idea of science as communication holds an immense potential for an inspiring model of Open Science with direct societal impact, based on continuous communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wikipedia and its community has seen an increasingly close relationship between library communities, with both communities sharing overlapping values and practices related to public access to knowledge, a desire for openness, defence of freedom of speech, representing marginalized communities, and broad shared interest in reliable factual information and citations. This is best in evidence from the IFLA' Wikipedia and Libraries Opportunity Papers and the substantial growth and ubiquity of the #1lib1ref campaign. However, the relationships between cultural heritage organizations (known as GLAMs - Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) and the Wikimedia communities working on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons and other Wikimedia projects, began in its relationships to Museums and Archives: partnerships like that with the British Museum in 2010 led to a collective effort to encourage GLAM organizations to contribute to and participate in Wikimedia Communities. Though early partnerships in the GLAM-Wiki space focused on batch uploads of digital content to Wikimedia Commons, embedding Wikimedia-designated experts called Wikipedians in Residence, and editing activities, like editathons, which write expert advised content into Wikipedia, in the last 6 years, the landscape in which partnership with cultural heritage institutions has shifted radically. Two major trends have developed in the Wikimedia community: a shift towards facilitating linked open data with Wikidata and the expansion of GLAM-Wiki projects to support institutions that not only have large digital capacity and funding, but also institutions with limited resources, collections focused on marginalized knowledge, and collections in parts of the world with limited digital expertise. In this transition, Wikimedia communities have become change agents in bringing both linked open data and open digital practices to institutions around the world. In this paper, we will explore how GLAM-Wiki tactics, opportunities and collaboration are changing the GLAM use of Wikimedia projects from being viewed as just a platform for exposing collection to a broader public audience, into a growing part of the heritage professional toolkit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the bibliographic genre of the collections of loci communes, better known in the Anglo-Saxon world with the expression of commonplace books, heirs to the fertile and flourishing tradition of ars excerpendi, i.e. the art of compiling collections of extracts and reading notes. In particular, we analyze the indexing system devised by the English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) and the word-subject coding device: an algorithm that governs the order of texts, thus relieving memory of such a quantity of data that it is inevitably subject to forgetfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper, through narration and memory, describes the story of Graziano Ruffini in the Italian Libraries Association. He is especially remembered for his commitment to the Ligurian Section of the Italian Libraries Association, of which he was president in the three-year period between 1997 and 2000. The 44th Association congress was held at that time in the region of Liguria. The main source of the article is the regional news bulletin Vedi anche. The narrative includes, without elaborating, also the assignments carried out at national level in specific committees and working groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution reconstructs the history of movable books, books created for a wide range of different purposes (teaching, mnemonics, play, divining, etc.) including mechanical or paratextual devices demanding or soliciting the interaction of the reader. The investigation runs from handwritten books to the most courageous paper-engineering experiments of the 20th century Avant-Garde, considering some specific editorial genres, including calendars, "libri di sorti", anatomical books, navigation handbooks etc., and animated children's books. In particular, it demonstrates how the happy season for animated paper production and publishing of the 19th century would not have been possible without the scientific inheritance of optical studies and vision sciences, precursors a short time before the invention of the Lumière brothers (1895). The study also examines some literary works using combinatorial mechanisms, experimenting the semiotic potential of expressive codes and very different techniques and materials: the reference is to books of Futurism and Dadaism, the "artists' book", and other avant-garde texts from the second half of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes some reflections concerning the practice of reading, its conceptual structure and its transformations, the blurred profile of the information ecology in which it is inserted. At the same time illustrates some outcomes of a research project conducted with tools of text mining and network science on the social reading platform aNobii. The paper presents these main topics: a) general overview of reading's context; b) short discussion reading as a complex system; c) presentation of some central concepts of network science and of its applications; d) introduction to text mining with some results of analysis of aNobii's reviews; e) conclusions and prospectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the project related to the reengineering of the process of signature of administrative documents (issued by a monocratic body) started at the Università Politecnica delle Marche. After a mention of the regulatory framework of reference, the case study will be described with a Business Process Reengineering approach: the scope of the measure, the phases of diagnosis of critical issues and priorities, the redesigning of the process - developed in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) language - and finally the product of reengineering, that is the production of a digital workflow integrated in the document management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study on the publication on Wikidata of the dataset of Fondo Gambara, a collection of 202 portraits mostly of musicians of the XIX century held at Fondazione Ugo e Olga Levi (Venice, Italy), is presented. The purpose of the case study was to test the publication of data from Levidata on Wikidata and to define the best workflow to be implemented in larger scale for the publication of data of any relevant collection of Fondazione Levi. The paper illustrates each step of the publication process of the data: data individuation and harvesting, analysis and elaboration of Wikidata properties schema, reconciliation, uploading, and final testing. Results of the process, expected advantages, and obtained achievements of the data publication on Wikidata are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irruption of the informative space of Web, as new manner to disseminate and share information content, has imposed in the last years an important rethinking of international bibliographic production in its theoretical and methodological basis. In this paper we try to understand the evolutive way of the cataloguing tools though the identification and definition of several change factors (technical and functional): which could be in the next future the new challenges related to the creation and treatment of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the strategies and methods for preserving Linked Open Data (LOD). To this aim it first presents an overview of the main scientific initiatives that have dealt with this topic. Then it describes some digital technologies that may result useful for preserving LOD, providing some insights on their application to LOD. It also provides a concrete example of implementation of the Semantic Web technologies for preserving Linked Data. Finally, it suggests some specific themes and directions that should be further investigated in order to elaborate a comprehensive solution to this problem: the preservation of Linked Open Data cannot be demanded to a single tool or method, it is rather the result of technical, organizational and procedural choices that altogether make up a consistent framework for LOD preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]