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The article discusses the Pure Water Project Las Virgenes–Triunfo in Southern California, where water agencies are collaborating on water reuse programs to create drought-resilient water supplies. By incorporating potable reuse into its water supply portfolio, the Las Virgenes–Triunfo Joint Powers Authority aims to address regulatory requirements, augment water supplies, and promote a valuable resource in a drought-prone region. The project involves building an advanced water purification facility to treat disinfected tertiary effluent for indirect potable reuse, ultimately creating a new local source of potable water and offsetting potable water demand through conservation and source water augmentation. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Advanced Purified Water Facility (APWF) project in northern Nevada, which aims to implement advanced water treatment technologies for water reuse. The project is a joint effort by the City of Reno and Truckee Meadows Water Authority (TMWA) and is part of OneWater Nevada's water sustainability initiative. The APWF will utilize ozone oxidation and biological filtration to produce high-quality drinking water that meets or exceeds state and federal standards. The project is expected to enhance water resilience and sustainability in the region and serve as a model for other noncoastal reclamation facilities. [Extracted from the article]

Coastal erosion is reshaping the world. Sediments from the Jordan River and other channels make their way to the Dead Sea through a variety of sediment transport processes. Eyal's PhD study focuses on the fluvial and coastal movements of sediments in the Dead Sea, a hypersaline lake located between Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank. [Extracted from the article]

More than half of the US population lives in coastal watershed parishes or counties that generate 58% of the nation's gross domestic product. WaterSense Program Could Be Expanded The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) WaterSense program is considering expanding the types of products that can earn the WaterSense label to include systems that enhance water quality at the tap. EPA published a Notice of Intent in January 2022 to consider drafting a WaterSense specification for point-of-use reverse osmosis (RO) systems, which treat water at a single fixture - e.g., under the kitchen sink in a home. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers water distribution related news briefs. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and independent scientists evaluating the use of sensor-mounted unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Arizona State University (ASU) in Tempe providing grant from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

The mechanical reliability of a direct potable reuse (DPR) treatment train—consisting of ozone, biological activated carbon, microfiltration/ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet light with advanced oxidation—was evaluated using critical component analysis at the Demonstration Pure Water Facility in San Diego, Calif. Operators maintained logs of all mechanical issues that occurred over a yearlong test period; these were used to calculate several reliability metrics for the unit processes. Mechanical issues were also cross‐referenced with treatment performance data to determine whether any “critical” failures—i.e., those that impacted pathogen reduction performance—occurred. The results demonstrated that no critical failures occurred, though the communication systems experienced critical malfunctions. These malfunctions triggered an immediate system shutdown, mitigating the potential risk to public health. While several components experienced failures, malfunctions, and/or maintenance events, the processes maintained a high degree of availability, demonstrating that DPR facilities can be designed with a high degree of mechanical reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EXISTING REGULATIONS ARE BEING USED AS A BASELINE IN CONSIDERING DIRECT POTABLE REUSE (DPR) PROJECTS, AND FOR DEFINING MINIMUM CRITERIA THAT RO MEMBRANES MUST MEET TO BE ACCEPTABLE FOR DPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURCHASING AND TREATING BRACKISH GROUNDWATER TO SERVE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR DEVELOPING RENEWABLE WATER SUPPLIES HAS BEEN A SUCCESS FOR A WATER DISTRICT IN COLORADO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports in 2008, the City of Ormond Beach, Florida upgraded its water treatment plant with four low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) expansion of its water treatment plant (WTP). It describes the alternative method used for concentrate management and benefits of sustainable low-pressure reverse osmosis concentrate management.

The author reflects on the importance of water reuse in the U.S. in order to conversion of water recourse and supply management. It reports the need of increased planning and implementation of potable reuse systems across the globe in areas with constrained water supplies. It also reports that efforts of American Water Works Association in this regard.

Commissioned in 2010, the Arcadia Water Treatment Plant treats local groundwater to provide approximately 10 mgd of treated water as part of the City of Santa Monica's (Calif.) drinking water supply. The plant removes iron and manganese and then treats a portion of the water with reverse osmosis (RO) as a softening process to achieve desired levels of hardness. Shortly following the plant's commissioning, biological fouling occurred, first at the pretreatment cartridge filters and then spreading to the RO units. Chloramine dosing, long established as an effective strategy for RO biological fouling control in wastewater reuse, is not as widespread in groundwater treatment. Previous studies of chloramine use in surface water and groundwater RO systems reported an undesirable increase in salt transport, which can adversely affect treated water quality and decrease usable membrane life. Despite this, successful implementation of chloramine dosing was achieved at the Santa Monica facility, which has overcome fouling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of direct potable reuse (DPR) in the U.S. It mentions the impact of the rapid increase of population and climate change in sustaining the supply of water in the country. Also emphasized are the process of the water reuse, the benefits of water reuse and the combination of water treatment technologies and processes including reverse osmosis and microfiltration.

The article focuses on the expansion of advanced water purification facility of Orange County, California water district. The expansion enhances energy-recovery devices on new reverse osmosis units, secondary affluent flow equalization, and alternative treated water quality targets. The district shows commitment to advanced water purification and reuse for more than three decades

The article highlights closed-circuit desalination, a new process reverse osmosis (RO) water purification process, which offers high, adjustable recovery rates, lower energy consumption and reduced carbon footprints. Topics discussed include the significant difference between traditional RO and CCD RO, the benefits in terms of water pretreatment requirements and associated costs offered by CCD RO and the effectiveness of the process as seen in several case studies.

A two-element membrane pressure vessel was installed as a "canary" unit on a full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process to monitor scale formation while changes in the plant's pretreatment processes were implemented. Sulfuric acid pretreatment ahead of an RO process was to be progressively reduced and discontinued per the findings of a pilot study. To safeguard the full-scale membrane process against unforeseen failure caused by scaling when sulfuric acid was eliminated from the RO feedwater, the canary unit was introduced. Concentrate from the second stage of the RO process train served as the feed stream to the canary unit, thereby allowing the canary to provide an earlier indication of scaling in lieu of scaling the full-scale RO process. The canary unit was intended to act as an early warning to operators who could intervene to protect the RO plant from unforeseen loss of membrane productivity resulting from scaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study that demonstrated the introduction of a membrane-compatible arsenic oxidation step that enables nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) systems to treat waters contaminated with arsenite. Two NF membranes and one RO membrane were used for evaluation. A programmable logic controller (PLC) controls the membrane filtration system. Characteristics of the groundwater in Virden, Manitoba include high total organic carbon (TOC), alkalinity, total dissolved solids, ammonia and turbidity, and low in hardness. Results showed that arsenic rejection was low for membranes 1 and 2, while membrane 3 achieved a 51% arsenic rejection. The rejection of arsenic was influenced by certain membrane conditions.

A diffusion-control solute mass transfer model was developed to describe permeate water quality over time of operation. The changing mass transfer characteristics of four low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes were correlated to feed stream water quality in a 2,000-h pilot study. Solute mass transfer coefficients (MTCs) were correlated to initial solute MTCs, solute charge, feedwater temperature, monochloramine loading, and organic loading (ultraviolet light at 254 nm). Independent data were used to validate the model. The model can be used to predict permeate water quality and sensitivity of permeate water quality to variations in temperature and organic and monochloramine mass loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the Pressure Exchanger TM (PX), an energy-recovery device from Energy Recovery Inc. (ERI) that lowers operating costs even in the brackish water reverse osmosis application at the Card Sound Golf Club desalination facility in Key Largo, Florida. Overview of how the PX functions; Difference of ERI PX with other energy-recovery technologies; Issues has to be overcome during the project of onsite desalination.

This article looks at the steps taken by local officials in Hutchinson, Minnesota to address the long-term capacity of its water treatment plant and the corrosion issues in the distribution system. The city built a new plant that features a combination of reverse osmosis (RO) and biologically activated filtration for iron and ammonia treatment. This treatment approach enables a reduction in hardness/alkalinity through RO and removal of iron and ammonia via biofiltration. It is estimated that the new plant led to a 75% reduction in copper levels based on distribution system monitoring. As a result, residents noticed and appreciate the increased softening of the water. A reduction in the release of softening agents into the environment is another major benefit of the new plant.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles within the issue on topics including the use of membrane bioreactors for potable reuse treatment, the reverse osmosis direct integrity test for water treatment, and the water resource regulations.

The article focuses on membrane technology which is the advanced method of water treatment process. It offers information on the annual Membrane Technology Conference and Exposition of American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the American Membrane Technology Association which provide forum for membrane knowledge exchange. It outlines the pressure driven operations of membrane technology including microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration.