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Aim: To explore the status of quality of life and psychological capital and analyse the different effects of psychological capital on the quality of life of cancer patients with different preferences for nurse spiritual therapeutics. Design: A cross‐sectional survey was used. Methods: Two hundred and eight cancer patients were recruited using convenience sampling from a tertiary Chinese hospital, between March and July 2019. Data on preferences for nurse spiritual therapeutics (PNST), psychological capital (PsyCap) and quality of life (QoL) were collected using paper questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was employed to investigate the different influences of PsyCap on QoL of cancer patients with various levels of PNST. Results: Compared with patients having high PNST, patients with mild‐moderate PNST experienced lower self‐efficacy, hope, optimism, PsyCap and social/family well‐being. PsyCap significantly explained the variance on QoL of patients with various levels of PNST. Age, gender, presence of caregiver were significant factors influencing physical, social/family and emotional well‐being of patients with high PNST. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates disparities in PsyCap and QoL between cancer patients with mild‐moderate and high PNST. It is essential to be aware of the positive influences of PsyCap on QoL and develop effective interventions for patients to improve their QoL, especially for those with mild‐moderate PNST. Impact: It is necessary to realize the benefits of PsyCap on QoL of cancer patients with various levels of PNST. Appropriate training for nurses needs to be developed to promote their spiritual care competencies. Moreover, supportive interventions should be developed for cancer patients to improve their PsyCap and QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

shacklock k. & brunetto y. (2012) The intention to continue nursing: work variables affecting three nurse generations in Australia. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(1), 36-46. Abstract Aims. The aims of the study were to examine how seven variables impacted upon the intention of hospital nurses to continue working as nurses and to investigate whether there are generational differences in these impacts. Background. There is a critical shortage of trained nurses working as nurses in Australia, as in many other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries. The retention of nurses has been examined from the traditional management perspectives; however, this paper presents a different approach (Meaning of Working theory). Methods. A self-report survey of 900 nurses employed across four states of Australia was completed in 2008. The sample was hospital nurses in Australia from three generational cohorts - Baby Boomers (born in Australia between 1946 and 1964), Generation X (1965-1979) and Generation Y (1980-2000). Results. Six variables were found to influence the combined nurses' intentions to continue working as nurses: work-family conflict, perceptions of autonomy, attachment to work, importance of working to the individual, supervisor-subordinate relationship and interpersonal relationships at work. There were differences in the variables affecting the three generations, but attachment to work was the only common variable across all generations, affecting GenYs the strongest. Conclusion. The shortage of nurses is conceptualized differently in this paper to assist in finding solutions. However, the results varied for the three generations, suggesting the need to tailor different retention strategies to each age group. Implications for management and policy planning are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The objective of this study is to explore the various latent categories within the sleep quality of night shift nurses and to investigate whether shift‐related factors predispose nurses to higher levels of occupational stress and anxiety. Design: This is a cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November to December 2020, registered nurses from 18 tertiary hospitals and 16 secondary hospitals in Chongqing were selected through convenience sampling for this study. Latent class analysis was used to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working night shifts. Furthermore, univariate analysis and logistic multivariate analysis were utilized to identify the contributing factors to occupational stress and anxiety. Results: The four latent categories of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for night shift nurses were identified as 'Low Sleep Disorder Group' (56.34%), 'Moderate Sleep Disorder Group' (37.27%), 'High Sleep Disorder Non‐Reliant on Sleeping medication Group' (4.89%) and 'High Sleep Disorder Reliant on Sleeping medication Group' (1.50%). The results showed that having a night‐shift frequency of 3–4 times per month, night‐shift durations of 9–12 h, sleep time delay after night shift (≥2 h), total sleep time after night shift less than 4 h were shift‐related factors that increased the levels of occupational stress and anxiety. Conclusion: The sleep quality of night shift nurses demonstrates heterogeneity and can be classified into four latent categories. Higher frequency of night shifts, extended work hours and insufficient rest time are all associated with increased levels of occupational stress and anxiety. Impact: By identifying the four latent categories of sleep quality among night shift nurses, this study sheds light on the relationship between sleep patterns and levels of occupational stress and anxiety. These findings have important implications for healthcare institutions in the management of nurse well‐being and work schedules. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the contributions of psychosocial factors (attitude towards drinking, perceived drinking norms [PDNs], perceived behavioural control [PBC]), and biological sex on drinking intention and behaviours among rural Thai adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study design. Methods: In 2022, stratified by sex and grade, we randomly selected 474 rural Thai adolescents (Mage= 14.5 years; SD = 0.92; 50.6% male) from eight public district schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modelling with the weighted least square mean and variance adjusted was used for data analysis. Results: All adolescents' psychosocial factors contributed significantly to the prediction of drinking intention, which subsequently influenced their drinking onset, current drinking and binge drinking pattern in the past 30 days. PDNs emerged as the strongest psychosocial predictor of drinking intention, followed by PBC. Rural adolescents' drinking intention significantly mediated the relationship between all psychosocial factors and drinking behaviours either fully or partially. The path coefficient between drinking attitude and drinking intention was significantly different between males and females. Conclusion: Different from previous studies focus on adolescents' drinking attitude, rural Thai adolescents' PDNs play a significant role on their drinking intention and subsequently their drinking onset and patterns. This nuanced understanding supports a paradigm shift to target adolescents' perceived drinking norms as a means to delay their drinking onset and problematic drinking behaviours. Impact: Higher levels of perceived drinking norms significantly led to the increase in drinking intention among adolescents. Minimizing adolescents' perceptions of favourable drinking norms and promoting their capacity to resist drinking, especially due to peer pressure, are recommended for nursing roles as essential components of health education campaigns and future efforts to prevent underage drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving triage accuracy for accurate patient identification and appropriate resource allocation is essential. Little is known about the trend of triage accuracy, and factors associated with mistriage vary from study to study. Aim: To identify incidence and risk factors of mistriage, such as overtriage and undertriage. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: The data came from the National Emergency Department Information System database in 2016–2020. All patients 15 years and older visiting emergency departments in Korea were assessed for eligibility, and 20,641,411 emergency patients' data were used. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to confirm the associated factors with overtriage and undertriage compared to expected triage. Demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors were independent variables. Results: Expected triage decreased from 96.8% in 2016 to 95.7% in 2020. Overtriage (0.5%–0.7%) and undertriage (2.4%–3.3%) increased. The occupation that performed triage the most (over 85%) was nurses. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics (40–64 age group, female), disease-related signs (known disease, direct visit) and triage-related factors (regional emergency medical centre). Risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates within normal range). Conclusions: While the acuity degree remained within the recommended range, the accuracy of triage decreased, and there was a gradual increase in mistriaged cases. Nurses have performed most of the triage and played a key role in expected triage. Associated factors with overtriage were demographic characteristics, disease-related signs and triage-related factors and risk factors to undertriage were disease-related signs. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. Implications for the profession: Nurses should be aware of what factors are associated with mistriage and why the factors cause mistriage to improve the triage accuracy because they are responsible for the majority of the triage assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a report of psychometric testing of the Swedish version of the Child Drawing: Hospital Manual. Background. Drawings have shown to be useful in assessing emotional status and anxiety in children because they generally speak to us more clearly and openly through their drawings than they are willing or able to verbally. Method. The Child Drawing: Hospital Manual was translated into Swedish according to World Health Organization guidelines (a routine procedure for translation of English instruments) in order to assess anxiety by analysing the drawings of 59 children (5-11 years), of whom nine were girls and 50 boys undergoing day surgery during 2007-2009. Results. Inter-rater reliability (five independent scorers) was high and internal consistency reliability was good (coefficient alpha = 0.77). Parts A and C, as well as the total scale score of the Child Drawing: Hospital Manual, discriminated anxiety significantly between the group of children undergoing day surgery and a comparison group of school children, indicating adequate construct validity. Conclusion. For the Swedish version of the Child Drawing: Hospital Manual, our study demonstrates evidence for adequate construct validity in Parts A and C (and total scale score), high inter-rater reliability and acceptable internal consistency reliability. However, some improvements are needed before the instrument will be a clinically useful assessment of anxiety in children undergoing day surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This paper is a report of a study designed to examine the association between modernization and future care preferences among adult children caregivers of older Arab parents in Israel and to identify factors that may mediate the association. Method. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2006-2007 by a structured interview from 250 randomly sampled Arab-Israeli adult children caregivers (response rate = 94%). Respondents' preference for formal and/or informal future care for themselves was regressed on selected predictor variables. Results. The vast majority of family caregivers would 'prefer' to be cared for by family members (76.4%). Urbanization level was a negative correlate of preference for future family care and a positive correlate of preference for future formal care. However, these associations were mediated by the extent of filial piety and caregiving burden. Filial piety was a positive predictor of preference for future family care (OR = 3.6, P < 0.01), and a negative predictor of preference for formal care (OR = 0.09, P < 0.01). Caregiving burden was a positive predictor of preferences for future formal care (OR = 5.15, P < 0.01). Conclusion. Modernization has an impact on future care preferences in traditional cultures. In order to maintain informal family care, community nurses should examine ways to lessen the burden of care among family caregivers. They should also develop culturally sensitive services that will meet the evolving expectations and preferences that are held by the next generations of family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a report of a study investigating nurse burnout and its association with occupational stressors in Shanghai, China. Background. Burnout is described as feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. Measuring burnout among nurses and its association with occupational stressors are important in providing appropriate intervention to reduce stress and burnout. Method. In total, 527 nurses from 41 hospitals in Shanghai returned self-reported questionnaires in June 2008. Their burden of burnout was measured by the Chinese version of 'Maslach Burnout Inventory', and their stress by the Chinese version of 'job content questionnaire' and 'effort-reward imbalance questionnaire'. Results. Most nurses (74.76%) had a Demand/Control ratio higher than 1 and 27.13% had an Effort/Reward ratio higher than 1. The nurses showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, moderate level of depersonalization, and low level of reduced personal accomplishment. Linear regression analyses showed higher burden of stress and burnout among nurses at younger age, or on shift duty or from higher grade hospitals. Both the job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire models had good predictive powers of the nurses' burnout, especially the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire model is more powerful than the other in predicting two Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusion. Nurses in Shanghai were suffering from high levels of burnout, which was strongly associated with work-related stress. Interventions in reducing occupational stress are needed to reduce the burden of burnout in Chinese nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This paper is a report of a study that examines (1) whether emergency nurses differ from a general hospital nursing comparison group in terms of job and organizational characteristics and (2) to what extent these characteristics predict job satisfaction, turnover intention, work engagement, fatigue and psychosomatic distress in emergency nurses. Background. The work environment and job characteristics of nurses are important predictors of stress-health outcomes. Emergency nurses are particularly exposed to stressful events and unpredictable work conditions. Methods. This cross-sectional study (N = 254) was carried out in 15 emergency departments of Belgian general hospitals in 2007-2008 by means of the Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire for Nurses, the Checklist Individual Strength, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results. Emergency nurses report more time pressure and physical demands, lower decision authority, less adequate work procedures and less reward than a general hospital nursing population. They report, however, more opportunity for skill discretion and better social support by colleagues. Work-time demands appear to be important determinants of psychosomatic complaints and fatigue in emergency nurses. Apart from personal characteristics, decision authority, skill discretion, adequate work procedures, perceived reward and social support by supervisors prove to be strong determinants of job satisfaction, work engagement and lower turnover intention in emergency nurses. Conclusion. Emergency departments should be screened regularly on job and organizational characteristics to identify determinants of stress-health outcomes that can be the target of preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This paper is a report of a study conducted to gain a better insight into the current nutritional care practices in Belgian hospital wards for older people, and to study the association between these practices and the prevalence of malnutrition. Background. In 1999, the Council of Europe assessed nutritional care practices and support in 12 European countries and showed them to be sparse and inconsistent. At the time of research, no studies had described the association between nutritional care practices and malnutrition prevalence in Belgium. Methods. In 2007, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in a representative sample of Belgian hospital wards for older people. In total, 2094 patients from 140 wards for older people were included. Results. The overall prevalence rate of malnutrition in wards for older people was 31.9%. Nutritional care practices such as nutritional screening and assessment, use of a standardized screening instrument and a nutritional protocol were suboptimal. Multilevel analysis revealed that ward characteristics explained for 9.1% whether a patient was malnourished or not. None of the registered nutritional care practices could explain a patient's individual risk. Conclusion. Malnutrition is a frequently occurring problem on hospital wards for older people. Increased consciousness among healthcare professionals and hospital policy makers of the importance of nutritional care will contribute to further improvement in care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a report of a study measuring attitudes of primary care nurses towards caring for people with hepatitis C. Background. Hepatitis C is a major public health problem. Attitudes to caring for people with hepatitis C vary and can have an impact on nursing care practices. International literature has identified discriminating practices amongst healthcare professionals including nurses. There is limited research examining primary care nurses' attitudes to caring for people with hepatitis C. Methods. A cross-sectional postal census survey of 981 nurses working in one health board region in the Republic of Ireland was conducted during the period March 2006 to June 2006. Results. A response rate of 57.1% (n = 560) was achieved. Exploratory factor analysis of an attitude scale identified three latent variables: 'infection control behaviour', 'caring' and 'fear'. Attitudes were generally positive towards caring for persons with hepatitis C; however, 51.7% of respondents would use additional infection control precautions if caring for someone with known hepatitis C. Younger nurses and those educated to degree level and above held significantly more positive attitudes to caring. Nurses agreed that they have a central role in managing and treating people with hepatitis C; however, many agreed that they lack the knowledge and skills to care for persons with hepatitis C. Conclusions. Negative attitudes can result in discriminatory experiences for persons with hepatitis C or at risk. Nurses require ongoing education on hepatitis C to improve knowledge, to limit concerns and ensure adherence to infection control guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper is a report of an exploration of relationships between demographic and clinical variables and the symptoms of breathlessness, depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleeping difficulties and pain for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Background. Research into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has focused on single symptoms and we lack knowledge about possible associations between several symptoms. Methods. A total of 154 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease participated in a cross-sectional study from June 2006 to December 2007 (response rate 40%). All underwent pulmonary lung function tests and completed questionnaires including demographic variables, the Brief Pain Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Lee Fatigue Scale, General Sleep Disturbance Scale and the Respiratory Quality of Life Questionnaire. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results. Breathlessness was statistically significantly positively associated with the other symptoms, after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Younger age was statistically significantly related to more breathlessness, anxiety and sleeping difficulties and lower levels of education was statistically significantly related to more breathlessness, depression and anxiety. In relation to clinical variables, smoking was statistically significantly related to more depression, whereas more co-morbidity was statistically significantly related to more breathlessness and pain. Poorer lung function was statistically significantly related to more breathlessness. However, higher lung function was related to more sleeping difficulties. Conclusion. Breathlessness is associated with symptoms such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleeping difficulties and pain, suggesting the need for an expanded focus on symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines, health care and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

white c. & gallagher p. (2010) Effect of patient coping preferences on quality of life following renal transplantation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2550-2559. Aim. This paper is a report of a study investigating the relationships between quality of life, patient coping preferences, and desire to be actively involved in care following renal transplantation. Background. While the general consensus is that quality of life is improved greatly by kidney transplantation, it is apparent that it is not uniformly a positive experience in this regard. There is a need to identify individual difference factors that influence quality of life following renal transplantation. Method. A correlational study was conducted in the national referral centre for renal transplantation in the Republic of Ireland in 2006 with a sample of 172 transplant recipients. Data were collected using a questionnaire composed of standardized instruments to measure the key concepts. Results. Participants perceived that they had good quality of life, and used more problem-solving than avoidance coping strategies. Avoidance coping strategies were associated with statistically significantly lower quality of life following transplantation. Being younger, attaining a higher education level, being in employment and being married were associated with higher quality of life following transplantation. Conclusion. Assessment of coping strategies among the transplant population should be further explored in clinical practice, and steps employed to promote the use of positive coping strategies in order to maximize quality of life after transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

gambino k.m. (2010) Motivation for entry, occupational commitment and intent to remain: a survey regarding Registered Nurse retention. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2532-2541. Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the relationships between Registered Nurses' motivation for entering the profession, occupational commitment and intent to remain with an employer until retirement. Background. Identifying and supporting nurses who are strongly committed to their profession may be the single most influential intervention in combating the nursing shortage. An understanding of the characteristics these individuals possess could lead to a decline in the high attrition rates plaguing the profession. Method. Using a survey design, Registered Nurses enrolled at the school of nursing and/or employed at the associated university medical centre of a large, not-for-profit state university were polled in 2008. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine how the variables of motivation for entry and occupational commitment could indicate intent to remain. Results. The strongest indicators of intent to remain were normative commitment and age, with a 70% average rate of correctly estimating retention. Exp(B) values for normative commitment (1·09) and age (1·07) indicated that for each one-point increase on the normative commitment scale or one-point increase in age, the odds of remaining with an employer until retirement increased by 1·1%. Conclusion. Transformational changes in healthcare environments and nursing schools must be made to encourage loyalty and obligation, the hallmarks of normative commitment. Retention strategies should accommodate mature nurses as well as promote normative commitment in younger nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ulrich c.m., taylor c., soeken k., o'donnell p., farrar a., danis m. & grady c. (2010) Everyday ethics: ethical issues and stress in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2510-2519. Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the type, frequency, and level of stress of ethical issues encountered by nurses in their everyday practice. Background. Everyday ethical issues in nursing practice attract little attention but can create stress for nurses. Nurses often feel uncomfortable in addressing the ethical issues they encounter in patient care. Methods. A self-administered survey was sent in 2004 to 1000 nurses in four states in four different census regions of the United States of America. The adjusted response rate was 52%. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and Pearson correlations. Results. A total of 422 questionnaires were used in the analysis. The five most frequently occurring and most stressful ethical and patient care issues were protecting patients' rights; autonomy and informed consent to treatment; staffing patterns; advanced care planning; and surrogate decision-making. Other common occurrences were unethical practices of healthcare professionals; breaches of patient confidentiality or right to privacy; and end-of-life decision-making. Younger nurses and those with fewer years of experience encountered ethical issues more frequently and reported higher levels of stress. Nurses from different regions also experienced specific types of ethical problems more commonly. Conclusion. Nurses face daily ethical challenges in the provision of quality care. To retain nurses, targeted ethics-related interventions that address caring for an increasingly complex patient population are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

iliopoulou k.k. & while a.e. (2010) Professional autonomy and job satisfaction: survey of critical care nurses in mainland Greece. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2520-2531. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe Greek critical care nurses' views on professional autonomy and its relationship with job satisfaction and other work-related variables. Background. Professional autonomy is generally considered a highly desirable nursing attribute and a major factor in nurse job satisfaction. In the critical care environment, a high level of accountability, responsibility and autonomy are required to optimize outcomes of critically unstable patients. Method. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a convenience sample of Greek critical care nurses ( n = 431; response rate 70%) in 2007. Data were collected on professional autonomy, job satisfaction, role conflict and role ambiguity. Results. Overall, nurses reported acting moderately autonomously. Younger nurses reported statistically significant lower levels of autonomy. Higher levels of autonomy were reported by female nurses. Multiple logistic regression revealed that appointment level, type of critical care unit and registration with a professional organization were independently associated with autonomy. A positive moderate association was found between reported autonomy, job satisfaction, role conflict and role ambiguity, but there was no relationship between job satisfaction and reported role conflict and role ambiguity. Conclusion. Further education, role enhancement and support are required for nurses working in critical care in Greece if they are to achieve the maximum potential of their professional role. Failure to address the perceptions of professional autonomy may have an impact on staff retention, because of job dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

shin s.m., kim m.j., kim e.s., lee h.w., park c.g. & kim h.k. (2010) Medical Aid service overuse assessed by case managers in Korea. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2257–2265. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe characteristics of overusers of the Medical Aid service, assess appropriateness of overusers’ medical service use, and determine contributing factors to medical aid overuse in Korea. Background. Medical Aid use in Korea has increased in recent years, but no systematic studies reported the characteristics of overusers and appropriateness of their medical service use. Method. In a cross-sectional study, case managers conducted interviews, evaluated participants’ insurance claim data, and determined overusers by the case managers’ determination of the appropriateness of their medical service use and their expenditures during the year of 2006. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. Result. Most heavy users were elderly, female, less educated, and had stress, lower perceived health status and multiple clinic visits. Twenty-five per cent of inpatients and 63·9% of outpatients were classified as overusers. The average total cost per capita of an overuser was 43·3% higher than that of an optimal user. Age, education, stress, arthritis, multiple clinic visits and frequent clinic visit recommendations by providers were statistically significant contributing factors to the overuse. Conclusion. Preventive measures are needed to decrease the overuse of Medical Aid in Korea; such measures should focus on characteristics contributing to overuse, including the provider-induced demand for more clinic visits. Case managers could play an important role as gatekeepers, managers, and educators for optimal use of Medical Aid in Korea and elsewhere in the world that faces similar problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

palhares l.c., gallani m.-c.b.j., gemignani t., matos-souza j.r., ubaid-girioli s., moreno h. jr, franchini k.g., nadruz w. jr & rodrigues r.c.m. (2010) Quality of life, dyspnea and ventricular function in patients with hypertension. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(10), 2287–2296. Aim. This paper is a report of an investigation of the relationship between health-related quality of life and left ventricular function among patients with hypertension who did not fulfil the criteria for heart failure. Background. Heart failure is a common consequence of hypertension, with Doppler echocardiography being the gold-standard tool to evaluate left ventricular function, mainly hypertension-induced left ventricular damage. Echocardiographic data indicating poorer ventricular function have been related to lower levels of health-related quality of life in patients with systolic and/or diastolic heart failure. However, data are still lacking regarding the correlation between health-related quality of life and left ventricular function and structure in patients with hypertension who do not fulfil the criteria for heart failure. Method. Between September 2005 and February 2007, 98 patients with hypertension without systolic or diastolic heart failure were evaluated. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Left ventricular function was evaluated through Tissue Doppler echocardiography. Results. Statistically significant but weak correlations (varying from r = −0·22 to 0·35) were observed between some of the Short Form-36 domains and echo data. To consider the potential effect of dyspnoea in this relationship, patients were split according to the presence or absence of the symptom. In the subgroup without dyspnoea, similar patterns of correlation were observed (varying from r = 0·26 to 0·32). In the subgroup with dyspnoea, however, more and stronger correlations were observed between echo data and health-related quality of life domains, varying from r = −0·40 to 0·50. Conclusion. Nurses should be aware of the relevance of evaluating the functional echocardiographic data of patients who not fulfil heart failure criteria, but who experience dyspnoea in order to implement appropriate action plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe a Delphi study regarding practice variation in needs assessment by Dutch home care nurses, to define practice variation in home care nursing and explore which factors may have a role in this needs assessment. Design: A Delphi study was conducted with the participation of home care representatives. Method: A Delphi questionnaire was developed, preceded by literature research and an expert meeting. The Delphi study took place between December 2020 and February 2021. The goal was to achieve a consensus level of at least 70%. Results: After three rounds, 32 experts reached a consensus about definitions regarding variation in needs assessment, warranted and unwarranted variation. In total, 59 factors were determined related to (1) the client and health, (2) the clients' context, (3) nurses and (4) the nurses' context. Thirty‐four factors scored warranted of influence and 18 (of 34) were client related. Most of the factors that scored unwarranted influencing needs assessment (17 of 26) were related to the home care nurses' context. Conclusion: Having a consensus about the definition of practice variation in needs assessment and possible influencing factors support the professionals to discuss and improve the unity and quality of their decision‐making process in home care. This may contribute to more righteous care for clients in need of home care. Impact: Since 2015, home care nurses in the Netherlands are responsible for determining the amount, type and duration of care for clients in need of home care. This so‐called needs assessment legitimizes the payment by health insurers. Signals of practice variation in needs assessment are heard in home care field. Although practice variation may be justified, it can lead to over or underuse of care, which may affect clients' outcomes. If we can identify influencing factors and find patterns that contribute to practice variation, we might gain a better understanding of the process and improve home care. Patient or public contribution: In this study, there was no patient or public involvement. Client representatives were included in this research as experts in the home care field, and they participated in three rounds of the Delphi study. They contributed by sharing their expert opinion on the definitions presented and the factors possibly influencing needs assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine factors associated with poor sleep quality among patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease. Design: This is a systematic review study guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statements and checklist. Data Sources: Empirical evidence was sought in major electronic databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Airiti library from March to September 2022. Review Methods: Studies investigating factors associated with poor sleep quality among adult patients with chronic kidney disease were included. Study participants who received renal replacement therapy and had sleep disorders and serious illnesses such as cancer were excluded. Of the 526 studies that resulted from the search after removing duplicate articles, 20 studies were assessed for quality by using Joanna Briggs Institute and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by two doctorial prepared nursing scientists. Results: A total of 20 studies were included in this review. The prevalence of poor sleep quality in these studies ranged from 11% to 97.5%. Demographics (older age and female), physiological conditions (higher body mass index, higher hip circumferences, higher systolic blood pressure, poor cardiovascular function, dyspnoea, pain, cramps, itchiness or moderate to extreme pruritus, lower fasting plasma glucose, electrolyte imbalance, higher total cholesterol and gastrointestinal symptoms), depression, smoking, arousal‐related and cognitive arousal behaviours were associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was prevalent and influenced kidney function, increased mortality as well as decreased quality of life in patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease. This review synthesizes factors associated with poor sleep quality. Managing these factors can mitigate and prevent poor sleep quality. Impact Healthcare providers, especially nurses, can assess the risk factors of poor sleep quality and reinforce patients' self‐management. Future research should elucidate the assessment and management of risk factors and transfer these into widespread use in the routine care of patients with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify specific patterns of lifestyle behaviours among young adults and examine the relationships of the patterns to sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions (hypertension, diabetes and obesity). Design: Descriptive, correlational study. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 4562 young adults aged 19–39, who participated in the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were analysed. Latent class analysis was used to identify the patterns of lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and vaccination. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among lifestyle behaviour patterns, sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions. Results: Three patterns of lifestyle behaviours were identified: physically active (6.9%), high risk (21.5%) and passive (71.6%). The membership of these three patterns was significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, occupation and living arrangement). Among the three groups, young adults in the high‐risk group were found to be significantly associated with all three health conditions (hypertension, diabetes and obesity) while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: These results indicate that young adults are likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviours that are related to individual socioeconomic conditions, which could negatively affect their health conditions. Impact This study provides insights into the lifestyle behaviours among young adults who have been recognized to be socially disadvantaged. This could help develop education and prevention programmes tailored to specific patterns of lifestyle behaviours for improving health while considering their socioeconomic contexts. No Patient or Public Contribution: This applies to this research as the focus was on young adults in South Korea only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and health‐related quality of life in women with type‐II diabetes. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A study questionnaire comprising three valid instruments was used to obtain data about lower urinary tract symptoms, sleep quality and physical and mental component summary health‐related quality of life between July 2017 and December 2018 (n = 343). Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated initially to examine the relationships between the three variables. Multiple regression models were tested using a regression‐based approach Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS to examine the significance of proposed mediation effects. Results: Most participants experienced at least one urinary symptom (n = 268, 78.1%). The total number of types of lower urinary tract symptoms experienced by participants was significantly inversely correlated with physical and mental component summary health‐related quality of life, and sleep quality. Participants' sleep quality was significantly correlated with physical and mental component summary health‐related quality of life. The relationships of lower urinary tract symptoms with physical and mental component summary health‐related quality of life were, respectively, fully and partially mediated by sleep quality. Conclusion: Sleep quality played a mediating role on the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and health‐related quality of life. Our findings could lead to improvements of diabetes care in nursing and healthcare practices. Impact Understanding the role of sleep quality in the adverse effects of lower urinary tract symptoms on health‐related quality of life contributes to the development and delivery of appropriate strategies to promote optimal health‐related quality of life. We recommended including assessments of lower urinary tract symptoms, sleep and health‐related quality of life in routine diabetes management. Nurses and healthcare professionals should concurrently reduce lower urinary tract symptoms and improve sleep to achieve this population's optimal health‐related quality of life. Patients or public contribution: We recruited a sample of older women with type‐II diabetes at the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient departments of two hospitals. Study participants provided responses on the study questionnaires. The two hospitals provided needed supports (e.g., height/weight scales, suitable places for interview) during the data collection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s): To identify, describe and assess research evidence on factors that promote working until and beyond the official retirement age among nurses. Design: A mixed‐methods systematic review. Prospero ID CRD42022303890. Data Sources: The CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, SocINDEX and Web of Science databases were searched in December 2021. Review Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) checklist was followed. Two researchers independently applied eligibility criteria, selected studies and conducted quality appraisals. Data‐based convergent synthesis and thematic analysis were used. Results: Eighteen studies were included, most of which were survey‐based. Eleven studies were quantitative, six were qualitative and one used mixed methods. Our results reveal that willingness to continue in work increased with age. Six factors promoted working until and beyond the official retirement age among nurses: good health and work ability, the significance of work sufficient income, meaningful relationships and support in the working community, individually tailored work arrangements, and organizational support and recognition. Conclusion: To sustain experienced nurses in working life and promote their working beyond retirement age organizations urgently need to apply throughout working lives supporting age management schemes. Interventions should target supportive relations and individual and flexible arrangements at the workplace. Scarce studies investigated factors contributing to an extension of working life among nurses. Most published evidence on this topic is based primarily on nurses' subjective opinions and preferences: no intervention studies or objective evaluations of factors affecting retirement were found. Impact The available evidence suggests the most critical factors for extending nurses' working lives are support and individual and flexible arrangements in the workplace. There is a need to test interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of measures encouraging nurses to extend their working lives. No Patient or Public Contribution: Systematic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare managers' perceptions about older nurses' and midwives' and their contribution to the workplace. Design: A qualitative descriptive methodology. Method: Twenty healthcare managers working in Australia participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were collected between April 2019 and April 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using thematic analysis. Results: All healthcare managers said older nurses and midwives contributed to the workplace through their experience and knowledge. Managers viewed them as a different type of worker and while there were some positive aspects to this, it was mostly negative. Although managers identified a broad age range for the older nurses or midwives, there was a common perception that if they were no longer able to perform their duties, they should leave the workforce. Conclusion: Healthcare managers' perceptions towards older nurses and midwives are mostly negative, and their understanding of older workers' contribution is contradictory and poor. These negative views co‐exist with the lack of agreement on who is the older worker, which explain the reluctance of healthcare organizations to invest in their older workforce. Future research is needed to better understand the unique contribution of older nurses and midwives in healthcare and how they can be supported at work. Impact The global ageing population will result in a rise in complex age‐related health issues and will require an experienced and knowledgeable workforce. Given the greater experience of older nurses and midwives they are an important part of the health workforce. Yet managers' perception of the contribution by older nurses and midwives were often negative. The findings of this study highlight the need for organizational change so that the contribution of older nurses and midwives is recognized and supported by managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe nursing surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐infected patients through remote telephone calls and in an on‐site urgent clinic during the first wave of the pandemic as experienced by nurses providing the care. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Methods: Data were collected through seven semi‐structured, audio‐recorded, focus group interviews with 24 nurses. Interviews were conducted in May and June 2020, transcribed and analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis into an overarching category, main categories and subcategories. Reporting followed the COREQ guidelines. Results: Nurses relied on intensive listening when assessing and caring for COVID‐19‐infected patients. They realized that the patients had complex needs for nursing and healthcare which was beyond the scope of a tentatively prescribed assessment scheme. They designed their care to ensure holistic care, reflected in the overarching category, 'Confronting an unfamiliar health condition in unprecedented circumstances' and the categories: 'Digging into the unknown' and 'Ensuring holistic nursing care'. The category 'Contributing to averting catastrophe' reflects the wealth of knowledge, support and experience that the nurses used to independently deliver care, albeit in interdisciplinary collaboration, working to their greatest potential. They were proud of the significance of their work. Conclusion: Novel nursing surveillance through remote telephone calls and in an on‐site urgent care clinic delivered to COVID‐19 patients self‐managing at home resulted in holistic nursing care during the first wave of the pandemic. This has relevance for professionalism in nursing. Impact Findings give a unique insight into nursing surveillance of COVID‐19‐infected patients provided through telephone calls and in on‐site urgent care clinics. The potential of intensive listening as conducted in the study suggests that it may be feasible to assess and holistically take care of COVID‐19‐infected patients, and other patient groups as well, with this form of healthcare. This has relevance for healthcare beyond crisis management during pandemics. Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public contribution as the study only concerned the providers of the service, i.e. the nurses themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the psycho‐behavioural factors influencing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine hesitancy among Korean adults. We examined the primary effects of eHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy using the information‐motivation‐behavioural skills (IMB) model. The moderating effect of age on the relationship between psycho‐behavioural factors and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy was also examined. Design: The study used a cross‐sectional survey design. Methods: An online survey was completed by 500 Korean adults (253 men and 247 women) aged 20–60 years. Data collection took place in May 2021. The constructed hypothetical model for eHealth literacy, social responsibility, self‐efficacy and age was evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). Results: eHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy had significant negative effects on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Age had a significant moderating effect on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. The moderating effects of age on the relationship between eHealth literacy and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and between social responsibility and COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy enhanced the explanatory power by high effect size. The overall fitness of the hypothetical model was good. The standardized root mean square residual value was 0.007, which explained 18.5% of the COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: To reduce COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among Korean adults, a strategic approach that considers age should be adopted to enhance eHealth literacy, social responsibility and self‐efficacy. Impact The findings of this study suggest that providing correct health information online related to the COVID‐19 vaccine is likely to be effective in decreasing COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy in older individuals, whereas inspiring a sense of social responsibility is more likely to be effective in younger individuals. These strategic nursing interventions could contribute to improving COVID‐19 vaccination rates among Korean adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study protocol aims to examine the effectiveness and preconditions of a self‐management program—named REducing Delay through edUcation on eXacerbations (REDUX)—in China. Background: The high disease burden in people with chronic lung disease is mainly due to exacerbations. There is a need for effective exacerbation‐management interventions. A nurse‐led program, REDUX, helped patients self‐manage exacerbations. Design: A single‐arm pre‐post study. Methods: Fifty‐four patients and 24 healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Chinese primary care will be included. The core element of the program is a personalized action plan. HCPs will receive training in using the action plan to help patients manage exacerbations. The intervention will start when a patient is referred to the nurse for a post‐exacerbation consultation and ends when the patient presents for the second post‐exacerbation consultation. During the first post‐exacerbation consultation, the patient and nurse will create the action plan. The primary outcomes in patients will include the delays between the onset of exacerbation and recognition, between exacerbation recognition and action, between exacerbation recognition and consultation with a doctor, and when the patients feel better after receiving medical help from HCPs. The secondary outcomes will include preconditions of the program. The ethics approval was obtained in September 2021. Discussion This study will discuss a culturally adapted nurse‐led self‐management intervention for people with chronic lung disease in China. The intervention could help Chinese HCPs provide efficient care and reduce their workload. Furthermore, it will inform future research on tailoring nurse‐led self‐management interventions in different contexts. Impact The study will contribute to the evidence on the effectiveness and preconditions of REDUX in China. If effective, the result will assist the nursing of people with chronic lung disease. Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese clinical trial registry (ID: 2100051782). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to explore the prevalence and incidence rates of mental health conditions in healthcare workers during and after a pandemic outbreak and which factors influence rates. Background: Pandemics place considerable burden on care services, impacting on workers' health and their ability to deliver services. We systematically reviewed the prevalence and incidence of mental health conditions in care workers during pandemics. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO for cohort, cross‐sectional and case–control studies were undertaken on the 31 March 2020 (from inception to 31 March 2020). Review methods: Only prevalence or incidence rates for mental health conditions from validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers. Meta‐analyses and subgroup analyses were produced for pandemic period (pre‐ and post), age, country income, country, clinical setting for major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: No studies of incidence were found. Prevalence estimates showed that the most common mental health condition was PTSD (21.7%) followed by anxiety disorder (16.1%), MDD (13.4%) and acute stress disorder (7.4%) (low risk of bias). For symptoms of these conditions there was substantial variation in the prevalence estimates for depression (95% confidence interval [CI]:31.8%; 60.5%), anxiety (95% CI:34.2%; 57.7%) and PTSD symptoms (95% CI,21.4%; 65.4%) (moderate risk of bias). Age, level of exposure and type of care professional were identified as important moderating factors. Conclusion: Mental disorders affect healthcare workers during and after infectious disease pandemics, with higher proportions experiencing symptoms. Impact This review provides prevalence estimates of mental health conditions during and after a pandemic which could be used to inform service staffing impact and formulation of preventative strategies, by identifying clinical populations who may be at high risk of developing mental health symptoms and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study examined self‐reported job‐related stressors induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic and psychological distress among hospital nurses and physicians. In addition, we explored the role of negative affect (NA) and background variables in relation to COVID‐19‐related job stressors and psychological distress. Background: During COVID‐19 pandemic, hospital nurses and physicians were exposed to highly enduring occupational stress, that stem from subjective appraisal of inadequate job resources (i.e., personal protection equipment, information on how to manage safely in the ongoing work and organizational attention to the needs arising from the ongoing work). Design: Cross‐sectional design. Methods: Between May and July 2020, 172 nurses and physicians working at a medical centre in Israel filled in self‐report questionnaires about sociodemographic data, COVID‐19‐related job stressors, psychological distress and NA. Results: Our results confirmed the positive direct link between perceived COVID‐19‐related job stressors and psychological distress among hospital nurses and physicians. NA was found to serve as a mediator in this association (indirect link). Furthermore, nurses and physicians' seniority was related positively to psychological distress and also played a moderator role in the indirect link. Conclusion: We recommend to monitor the mental health of hospital nurses and physicians and to provide a platform to address their job stressor concerns related to COVID‐19, and share helpful coping strategies. Impact statement: During the abrupt COVID‐19 outbreak, hospital nurses and physicians face challenges that might raise NA and psychological distress. Our study revealed that among hospital nurses and physicians, COVID‐19‐related perceived job stressors and psychological distress were positively linked, and NA plays a mediating role in this association. Among nurses and physicians with moderate or high years of seniority (>11 years), higher COVID‐19‐related perceived job stressors associated with higher NA, which in turn was associated with greater psychological distress. Policymakers would be wise to provide a platform to address hospital nurses and physicians' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cowden T.L. & Cummings G.G. (2012) Nursing theory and concept development: a theoretical model of clinical nurses' intentions to stay in their current positions. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(7), 1646-1657. Abstract Aim. We describe a theoretical model of staff nurses' intentions to stay in their current positions. Background. The global nursing shortage and high nursing turnover rate demand evidence-based retention strategies. Inconsistent study outcomes indicate a need for testable theoretical models of intent to stay that build on previously published models, are reflective of current empirical research and identify causal relationships between model concepts. Data Sources. Two systematic reviews of electronic databases of English language published articles between 1985-2011. Discussion. This complex, testable model expands on previous models and includes nurses' affective and cognitive responses to work and their effects on nurses' intent to stay. The concepts of desire to stay, job satisfaction, joy at work, and moral distress are included in the model to capture the emotional response of nurses to their work environments. The influence of leadership is integrated within the model. Implications for nursing. A causal understanding of clinical nurses' intent to stay and the effects of leadership on the development of that intention will facilitate the development of effective retention strategies internationally. Testing theoretical models is necessary to confirm previous research outcomes and to identify plausible sequences of the development of behavioral intentions. Conclusion. Increased understanding of the causal influences on nurses' intent to stay should lead to strategies that may result in higher retention rates and numbers of nurses willing to work in the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. This exploratory pilot study investigated the extent to which African Americans with type 2 diabetes receive information on the glycaemic index and their knowledge of the index and use of this information. Background. The growing impact of type 2 diabetes has sparked the need for evidence- based policies that result in increased diabetes self-care among affected individuals. Because of the disproportionate prevalence and severity of type 2 diabetes among African Americans, specific focus on this population is warranted. The glycaemic index is a useful dietary tool for controlling blood glucose levels. However, information on knowledge and use of the glycaemic index among African Americans with type 2 diabetes is lacking. Methods. The data source was a convenience sample of 60 African American adults with type 2 diabetes from three churches located in the Midwest region of the United States. This was an exploratory study using survey design. Data collection was performed during the period from November 2007 to March 2008. Results. Although 73% of participants attended diabetes education classes, only 50% reported receiving education about the glycaemic index. Those attending diabetes education classes had a statistically significant higher knowledge of the glycaemic index and use of it. No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, education, income or body mass index on the participants' knowledge of glycaemic index or use of the glycaemic index. Conclusion. Use of certified nurse diabetes educators may be a positive step in providing consistent and up-to-date diabetes care information to African Americans with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine the back pain beliefs, coping strategies and factors associated with participant activation for self‐management of back pain amongst nurses working in peri‐urban district healthcare centres. Design: A descriptive cross‐sectional study design. Methods: Data were collected between February and March 2020 using a self‐administered questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was done in Stata version 20.0. Back pain beliefs, participant activation and coping strategies were presented using relative frequencies and percentages. Odds ratios at 5% significance level were used to test association of factors for participant activation for self‐management of back pain. Results: Majority of the participants had experienced back pain which lasted 3 days for half of the participants. Further, pain medication was commonly used to cope with back pain. In addition, age, gender and work‐setting were significantly associated with participant activation for self‐management of back pain. Conclusion: Participants' coping strategies for back pain were linked to the conveyed back pain beliefs which demonstrate that participants believed in rest and lengthy periods of time off work for back pain. However, participants acknowledged that taking an active role in determining one's health and function is vital. This highlights the importance of self‐management support for health behaviour change amongst nurses. Impact: The study addressed back pain beliefs, coping strategies and participant activation for self‐management of back pain amongst nurses in peri‐urban healthcare centres. Majority of the participants experienced back pain which lasted 3 days. Pain medication was commonly used to cope with back pain. Age, gender and work‐setting were significantly associated with participant activation for self‐management of back pain. Although this study was conducted in Zambia, outcomes from this study may be of benefit to nurses in similar settings. Further, the research provides insight to the international body of knowledge on the process and appropriateness of international research in resource‐constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate health-promoting behaviour among Saudi adults in the Jazan region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Methods: Saudi adults (N = 305) completed an online survey from 23 April to 5 July 2020. The survey comprised demographic/social factors, COVID-19 pandemic-related factors and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II. Results: On average, participants reported participating in health-promoting behaviour 'sometimes'. Only years of education was associated with participation in health-promoting behaviour generally. Nutritional behaviours were positively correlated with sex, age and having a job before and/or after the pandemic and negatively correlated with the number of people in the household. Interpersonal relationships increased with age and years of education. Interpersonal relationships and stress management decreased among those who reported that the pandemic had negatively affected their income. Conclusion: Our results indicated that COVID-19 factors are associated with Saudi adults' adoption of health-promoting behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: We followed the Cochrane criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID-19 registry, CINAHL and pre-print services (medR-iv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates. Review Methods: We applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high. Results: Sixteen studies, including 18,935 nurses met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization was 12.6% and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2%. The main risk factors that increased nurses' burnout were the following: younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid-19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high-risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID-19. Conclusion: Nurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout. Impact: We found that burnout among nurses is a crucial issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for burnout could be a significant weapon giving nurses and health care systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID-19 waves in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Aims: To examine changes and explanatory variables for changes in health‐related quality of life in patients treated with long‐term mechanical ventilation over a 6‐year period. Background: Long‐term mechanical ventilation is a treatment for individuals with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, primarily caused by neuromuscular diseases, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary and restrictive thoracic diseases. Studies on long‐term outcome on health‐related quality of life and factors influencing it are lacking. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Data were collected from the Norwegian Long‐Term‐Mechanical‐Ventilation Registry and from patient‐reported questionnaire in 2008 and 2014. Health‐related quality of life was measured by the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire, containing 49 items and seven subdomains. Linear mixed effects models were used to measure changes and identify factors for changes. Results: After 6 years, 60 patients were still participating, out of 127 at baseline. Health‐related quality of life improved significantly in the total score and in four subdomains of the questionnaire. Satisfaction with training in long‐term mechanical ventilation was an explanatory variable for improved ‘psychological well‐being’ and follow‐up for improvement of ‘anxiety’. Side effects of the treatment like facial soreness were associated with the total score. High age and high forced vital capacity were related to lower ‘physical function’ and improved ‘social functioning’, respectively. Conclusion: Long‐term mechanical ventilation over 6 years improved health‐related quality of life in most patients. Patient training, follow‐up and reduction of side effects, largely delivered by trained nurses, contribute to achieve the main goal of the treatment—improved health‐related quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore bereaved parents' interactions with healthcare providers when a child dies in a paediatric intensive care unit. Background Although most children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit will survive, 2-5% will die during their stay. The parents of these children interact and form relationships with numerous healthcare staff during their child's illness and death. Although previous studies have explored the parental experience of child death in intensive care generally, the nature of their relationships with healthcare providers during this time remains unknown. Design This study used a constructivist grounded theory approach. Methods Data were collected via semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews with 26 bereaved parents from four paediatric intensive care units over 18 months in 2015-2016. Constant comparative analysis and theoretical memos were used to analyse the data. Findings The theory 'Transitional togetherness' demonstrates the changing nature of the parent-healthcare provider relationship across three key phases of the parents' journey. Phase one, 'Welcoming expertise,' focuses on the child's medical needs, with the healthcare provider dominant in the relationship. Phase two, 'Becoming a team,' centres around the parents' need to recreate a parental role and work collaboratively with healthcare providers. Finally, 'Gradually disengaging' describes the parents' desire for the relationship to continue after the child's death as a source of support until no longer needed. Conclusions Findings from this study offer valuable insights into the changing nature of the parent-healthcare provider relationship and highlight the key foci of the relationship at each stage of the parental journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To examine the role of balancing competing needs in the relationship between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes (caregivers' role strain and depressive symptoms). Background Caregivers who do not balance competing needs are more likely to experience negative caregiving outcomes, suggesting that balance mediates between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes. Identifying a mediator of negative caregiving effects may help in developing tailored interventions for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Design A cross-sectional, correlational design. Methods Data were collected from family caregivers' self-completed questionnaires between March 2013 - April 2014. A convenience sample of 120 family caregivers and care receivers with dementia was enrolled. We examined whether balance mediated the relationship between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes (caregivers' role strain and depressive symptoms) by multiple regression analysis. To evaluate the significance of the indirect effect of caregiver balance, we used the Sobel test and Monte Carlo method, an alternative approach to testing mediation. Results Balancing competing needs completely mediated the association of caregiving demand with depressive symptoms and partially mediated the association of caregiving demand with role strain. Conclusion Assessing caregivers' self-perceived sense of balance may help to identify caregivers at high risk for role strain and depressive symptoms. Interventions to enhance caregivers' perceived sense of balance between competing needs may provide a strategy for reducing the negative effects of caregiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To examine whether age contributes to functional recovery and resilience after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Background The ability to recover may change across the lifespan, but the influence of age on brain injury outcome is understudied. Design Mixed methods study. Methods All adults of working age (18-64 years) discharged from a level I trauma centre between 2010-2013 after sustaining a moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury were considered. Functional recovery was assessed during a telephone interview with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended 12-36 months postinjury. A subgroup completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and a face-to-face interview about resilience. Results Ninety-seven young (mean age: 27 years; 75% male) and 47 middle-aged brain trauma survivors (mean age: 53 years; 75% male) completed the telephone interview. Eight young and five middle-aged adults were also assessed for resilience. Overall, young participants experienced more severe head injuries. Yet, they achieved slightly higher levels of functional recovery compared with middle-aged ones as per the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended. Controlling for CT scan findings and posttraumatic amnesia duration, age was not found to be associated to functional recovery in adults of working age. Although both groups showed similar levels of resilience, young participants discussed the challenges related to 'having more time on their hands' and 'being a changed person', two elements perceived positively by middle-aged ones. Conclusion While age does not appear to interfere with functional recovery in adults of working age, younger brain trauma survivors could benefit from nursing interventions to strengthen their resilience process related to re-employment orientation and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To present the rationale, design and methodology of the GERAS project, which examines whether assessment of frailty and mild cognitive impairment could enhance risk prediction for biomedical, psychosocial outcomes and foster efficient resource allocation in kidney transplantation. Background For the burgeoning cohort of older patients considered for kidney transplantation, evidence gaps regarding frailty and mild cognitive impairment limit clinical decision-making and medical management. As known risk factors for 'hard' clinical outcomes in chronic illness, both require further study in transplantation. Integrating these and other bio-psychosocial factors into a comprehensive pre-transplant patient assessment will provide insights regarding economic implications and may improve risk prediction. Design A nation-wide multi-centre prospective cohort study nested in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. Methods Our nationally representative convenience sample includes 250 adult kidney transplant recipients. Data sources include the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study and primary data collected at time of transplantation, 6 months, 1 and 2 years post-transplant via established measures (the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Psychosocial Questionnaire, Fried Frailty Instrument and a blood analysis), investigator-developed instruments and datasets compiled by hospitals' management control units, sickness funds, the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the European Renal Association. Descriptive, competing risk survival and mixed effects analyses will be performed. Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained in January 2016. Discussion This pioneering project jointly examines frailty and mild cognitive impairment from bio-psychosocial and health economic perspectives. Results may significantly inform risk prediction, care tailoring and resource optimization to improve health outcomes in the ageing kidney transplant cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]