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In this paper a review of impact mechanics and high-energy absorbing materials is presented. We review different theoretical models (rigid-body dynamics, elastic, shock, and plastic wave propagation, and nonclassical or nonlocal models) and computational methods (finite-element, finite-difference, and mesh-free methods) used in impact mechanics. Some recent developments in numerical simulation of impact (e.g., peridynamics) and new design concepts proposed as high energy absorbing materials (lattice and truss structures, hybrid sandwich composites, metal foams, magnetorheological fluids, porous shape memory alloys) are discussed. Recent studies on experimental evaluation and constitutive modeling of strain rate-dependent polymer matrix composites are also presented. Impact damage on composite materials in aerospace engineering is discussed along with future research needs. A particular example for the design of a sandwich material as an impact mitigator is given in more detail. This brief review is intended to help the readers in identifying starting points for research in modeling and simulation of impact problems and in designing energy absorbing materials and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiphase and multidomain fluid flows associated with interfacial dynamics, steep jump in fluid properties, and moving boundaries between different phases and materials pose substantial computational challenges. In this paper, recent progresses made in numerical simulation using continuum and lattice–Boltzmann methods are highlighted, with special attention paid to issues related to time varying geometries, adaptive grid refinement, interfacial and geometric tracking, topological changes, and reduced numerical dispersion and dissipation. Illustrative physical applications including: (1) multiple rising bubbles interacting with carrier phase and with each other; (2) wave reflected on an inclined wall; and (3) the Rayleigh–Taylor instability problem, are presented to highlight the various aspects of the techniques developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]