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Objective: To evaluate the effects of different interventions on Internet addiction (IA), a meta-analysis and network meta-analyses were performed.Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest, CNKI, WanFang, VIP database, and CBM from their inception to August 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where the effects of interventions on IA were assessed. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2). The R studio Software and Stata 14.0 were used to perform traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analyses.Results: A total of 59 RCTs including 3832 participants were incorporated into meta-analysis. The results of the traditional meta-analysis of 24 studies showed that CBT, group counseling, sports intervention, and Internet-based intervention could significantly reduce IA levels (SMD = -1.90, 95%CI: -2.26 to -1.55, P < 0.01, I2 = 85.9%) as compared to no-treatment control groups. Network meta-analyses based on different scales showed that combined interventions had the highest probability of being the best interventions for IA (SUCRA = 91.0 % based on IAT; SUCRA = 89.0 % based on CIAS).Discussion: Most interventions have significant effects on the treatment of IA. Compared with single interventions, combined interventions showed a more pronounced improvement in Internet addiction symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and sleep disorder (SD) by reviewing current evidence from observational studies.Methods: The meta-analysis was conducted by searching Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of science using a retrieval strategy related to MPA and SD. Pooled Odds ratios and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated by R software using a random effects model.Results: 29 studies including a total of 20041 participants were identified. We found that MPA was significantly associated with an increased risk of adolescents having SD (OR = 2.25, 95%CI= 1.72-2.94). Additionally, the findings also demonstrated that weak-to-moderate positive correlations were found between MPA and SD (summary r = 0.30, 95%CI= 0.25-0.34). The meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis suggested that the geographic location and the measurement of MPA might be the sources of heterogeneity, and the robustness of the findings was confirmed by sensitivity analysis.Limitations: The information collected was self-reported, and the recall bias was inevitable.Conclusions: This study updated the findings of the association between MPA and SD from the previous reviews and was also the first meta-analysis to assess the association between MPA and SD using Odds Radios and correlation coefficients concurrently. The result of this study re-emphasized that paying more attention to the public health concerns of MPA and SD is needed in the future, whether implementation more relevant researches or developing targeted policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]