8 results on '"Lessof MH"'
Search Results
2. The IgE and IgG subclass antibody response to foods in babies during the first year of life and their relationship to feeding regimen and the development of food allergy.
- Author
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Kemeny DM, Price JF, Richardson V, Richards D, and Lessof MH
- Subjects
- Antibody Specificity, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Food Hypersensitivity etiology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Radioallergosorbent Test methods, Respiratory Sounds, Skin Tests, Breast Feeding, Food Hypersensitivity immunology, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Infant Food
- Abstract
This follow-up study of 191 babies investigated the development of food allergy in an unselected population and its relationship to total and antigen-specific IgE and IgG subclass levels. Sensitization to egg, as indicated by a positive skin test or RAST, was found in 5% of 1-year-old babies, but none of the babies in this series fulfilled the clinical criteria for immediate-type milk allergy. For both bovine casein (CAS) and egg albumin, the IgG response was largely restricted to IgG1 in contrast to the predominant IgG4 response to these antigens that is found in adults. The level of IgG4, but not IgG1, antibody to CAS and ovalbumin (OV) was lower in some of the babies compared with that of their mothers (N = 166; p less than 0.05, Student's paired t test). However, there was no difference in the total serum IgG subclass levels between mothers and babies. These results demonstrate that, in the population of babies studied, (1) type I hypersensitivity to egg occurred in 5% of 1-year-old babies, (2) the predominant IgG subclass of antibodies to CAS and OV in babies is IgG1, and (3) in the 22% of babies, there was substantially (greater than 1000-fold) less IgG4 antibody to CAS and OV than in their mothers, suggesting specific exclusion of some IgG4 antibodies.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
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3. Skin responses to intradermal histamine and leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and in normal subjects.
- Author
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Maxwell DL, Atkinson BA, Spur BW, Lessof MH, and Lee TH
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Histamine administration & dosage, Histamine physiology, Humans, Leukotriene E4, SRS-A administration & dosage, SRS-A physiology, Histamine pharmacology, SRS-A analogs & derivatives, SRS-A pharmacology, Skin drug effects, Urticaria immunology
- Abstract
Mast cell inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, and newly formed compounds, such as the leukotrienes, cause wheal and flare when they are injected intradermally into normal subjects and may therefore play a role in the formation of urticaria. The effects of intradermal injections (50 microliters) of six different concentrations of histamine (range, 3.3 x 10(-4) to 3.3 x 10(-9) mol/L) and the leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (range, 2 x 10(-4) to 2 x 10(-9) mol/L) have been compared in 10 normal subjects and in 10 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Wheal-and-flare sizes were measured at timed intervals up to 4 hours, and area under the curve for each response over time was calculated. There were no significant differences in leukotriene-induced responses between groups. Maximum sizes of histamine-induced wheal and flare were similar in each group of subjects. There were, however, significant increases in mean areas under the response curve of histamine wheal and flare in the patients with urticaria (wheal, p less than 0.001; flare, p less than 0.001; analysis of variance). These findings demonstrate a prolongation of skin responses to histamine in patients with urticaria and suggest an impaired clearance of histamine (or other vasoactive agents released by histamine) from the skin of these patients.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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4. IgG subclass antibody production in human serum sickness.
- Author
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Bielory L, Kemeny DM, Richards D, and Lessof MH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anemia, Aplastic complications, Anemia, Aplastic immunology, Anemia, Aplastic therapy, Animals, Antigen-Antibody Complex analysis, Antilymphocyte Serum adverse effects, Child, Complement C1q analysis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Horses immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G classification, Immunoglobulin Isotypes analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Serum Sickness etiology, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Serum Sickness immunology
- Abstract
The role of IgG-subclass antibodies in the spectrum of immunologic disorders has not yet been fully defined. In an attempt to understand its role in an immune complex-mediated disease, we studied patients who developed serum sickness (SSX) after treatment with an equine-derived immunoglobulin, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), for bone marrow failure. The predominant IgG subclass produced was IgG1, representing nearly 80% of all IgG anti-ATG activity present. The appearance of IgG anti-ATG antibodies and C1q-containing immune complexes was closely correlated with symptoms of SSX. Although other antibody isotypes were present and may have contributed to the patients' symptoms, it is evident that IgG1 is the predominant IgG subclass produced in human SSX caused by a heterologous protein.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The generation and cellular distribution of leukotriene C4 in human eosinophils stimulated by unopsonized zymosan and glucan particles.
- Author
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Mahauthaman R, Howell CJ, Spur BW, Youlten LJ, Clark TJ, Lessof MH, and Lee TH
- Subjects
- Calcimycin pharmacology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Eosinophils drug effects, Eosinophils immunology, Humans, Mannans pharmacology, Opsonin Proteins metabolism, Particle Size, Phagocytosis drug effects, Eosinophils metabolism, Glucans pharmacology, SRS-A biosynthesis, Zymosan pharmacology
- Abstract
Human eosinophils (EOSs) stimulated under optimal conditions with 5 X 10(8) unopsonized zymosan particles at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes produced an average total immunoreactive leukotriene (LT) C4 of 1.6 ng per 10(6) EOSs, and 30% to 60% of the generated product remained cell associated. The dose-response characteristics of zymosan-induced LTC4 generation were different from those of phagocytosis, suggesting that the two events were independent. Pretreatment of EOSs with 10(-8) mol/L of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine for 30 minutes led to a twofold to fivefold augmentation of LTC4 generation by cells subsequently activated by unopsonized zymosan. Optimal EOS activation with 1 mumol/L of the calcium ionophore A23187 at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes produced more than 100 times greater quantities of LTC4 than with zymosan. The amount of immunoreactive LTC4 that remained cell associated after calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation reached a maximum after 5 minutes and then declined. Of the relatively small amount generated in the first minute, 71% was cell associated, but this figure declined to 9% after 15 minutes, by which time there had been a redistribution of the LTC4 to the supernatant. Inflammatory leukocytes may respond to zymosan because the cells recognize either one or both of its major polysaccharide components, glucan and mannan. Glucan, but not mannan, stimulated EOSs to generate LTC4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Under optimal conditions, there was no significant difference in the total quantities of LTC4 elaborated by EOSs stimulated by glucan and by unopsonized zymosan. This suggests that zymosan may induce leukotriene generation in the human EOS through a glucan recognition mechanism.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Allergy to castor bean. I. Its relationship to sensitization to common inhalant allergens (atopy).
- Author
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Thorpe SC, Kemeny DM, Panzani R, and Lessof MH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antibody Specificity, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate diagnosis, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Allergens immunology, Ricinus communis immunology, Hypersensitivity, Immediate immunology, Plants, Toxic, Ricinus immunology
- Abstract
The IgE response to castor bean (Ricinus communis) was studied in 96 castor bean-allergic patients from Marseilles, France. All had positive skin tests to castor bean. The IgE response to grass, cat, dust mite, olive, and Parietaria was also measured, and a positive RAST to one or more of these allergens was taken to indicate atopic status. Castor bean-specific IgE antibodies, measured by RAST, were found in 87 (91%) of the castor bean-allergic patients, in two of 13 atopic Marseilles residents living close to the castor bean mills, in three of 42 allergic subjects who had no known contact with castor bean, and in none of a control group of 111 Marseilles blood donors. Very high levels of castor bean-specific IgE (maximum class 4 readings on the Phadebas RAST score) were found in 54 (56%) of the castor bean-allergic patients, but the level of IgE antibody to castor bean was not significantly different in atopic and nonatopic subjects. The frequency of a positive serological test (RAST) for atopy in castor bean-allergic subjects (32%) was very similar to that found in the local population (36%). These data indicate that castor bean is an extremely potent sensitizer for both atopic and nonatopic individuals. The magnitude of the specific IgE antibody response is not related to the atopic status of the patient and may be a function of the physiochemical characteristics of the allergen itself.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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7. Antibodies to purified bee venom proteins and peptides. II. A detailed study of changes in IgE and IgG antibodies to individual bee venom antigens.
- Author
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Kemeny DM, MacKenzie-Mills M, Harries MG, Youlten LJ, and Lessof MH
- Subjects
- Acid Phosphatase immunology, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antigens immunology, Bee Venoms administration & dosage, Bees, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyaluronoglucosaminidase immunology, Immunoglobulin E biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin G administration & dosage, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Insect Bites and Stings therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Phospholipases A immunology, Phospholipases A2, Bee Venoms immunology, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Insect Bites and Stings immunology
- Abstract
Antibodies to individual bee venom antigens were studied in detail in nine bee sting-allergic patients who received venom immunotherapy without side effects, in two patients who failed to reach maintenance, and in two whose sensitivity returned. The study was confined to patients who had IgE antibodies to at least one of four purified bee venom antigens at the start of treatment. IgE and IgG antibodies to phospholipase A2 (PLA2), hyaluronidase (HYAL), and acid phosphatase (ACID P) and IgE antibodies to melittin (MEL) were measured, and changes in the antibody levels were followed during bee venom immunotherapy. Two contrasting patterns of antibody response were seen in the nine successfully treated patients. In five patients there was a rise in serum IgG antibodies to the same antigens as the IgE antibodies. In two patients' serum IgE antibody to HYAL or ACID P fell without a marked IgG antibody response to these antigens, although high levels of IgG antibody to PLA2 were present in both. Although the first pattern is consistent with a "blocking" role for IgG antibody, clearly the second is not. Not all patients can be conveniently divided into these two categories, and two patients did not show any significant change in either IgG or IgE antibody but were nevertheless able to tolerate the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of venom. Two patients who failed to reach the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms because of their allergic reactions to the injections of venom were distinguished by (1) very high serum IgE antibody and (2) a low ratio of IgG/IgE antibody. Passive immunization with IgG antibody from a hyperimmune beekeeper was, however, protective in these patients, although it did not raise their overall serum IgG antibody level very much. We are unable to explain either the failure of conventional therapy or the beneficial effect of passive immunization in these two patients. Two bee sting--allergic beekeepers lost their sensitivity to stings, but later, when their sera contained IgE antibody to another bee venom antigen, they reacted to stings and inhalation of beehive dander. These data suggest that either falling IgE antibody or IgG- "blocking" antibody could be responsible for providing clinical protection to bee venom--allergic subjects. Renewed clinical sensitivity was observed when the IgE response was modulated, with patients making IgE antibody first to one antigen and then to another.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
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8. Antibodies to purified bee venom proteins and peptides. I. Development of a highly specific RAST for bee venom antigens and its application to bee sting allergy.
- Author
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Kemeny DM, Harries MG, Youlten LJ, Mackenzie-Mills M, and Lessof MH
- Subjects
- Acid Phosphatase immunology, Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic analysis, Antibody Specificity, Apamin immunology, Humans, Hyaluronoglucosaminidase immunology, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Melitten immunology, Phospholipases A immunology, Phospholipases A2, Radioallergosorbent Test, Antibodies analysis, Bee Venoms immunology, Bees, Hypersensitivity immunology, Insect Bites and Stings immunology
- Abstract
IgE antibodies to purified proteins and peptides from honeybee venom have been measured by the RAST. Trace amounts (less than 0.1%) of the major venom protein phospholipase A2 (PLA2) grossly distorted the measurement of IgE antibody to the other venom proteins, acid phosphatase (Acid P) and hyaluronidase (HYAL), and overemphasized their importance. Reduction of antigen coupled to the cellulose paper discs, which were used in the assay, diluted out the contaminating PLA2 without apparent loss in sensitivity. The reduction of disc-bound antigen increased the competition between IgE and IgG antibodies but did not affect measurement of IgE antibodies in sera taken from 35 untreated patients who had a history of general allergic reactions to bee stings. In 54% of sera from bee venom--allergic patients, the greatest IgE antibody response was to PLA2. In all, IgE antibodies to PLA2 were present in 91% of these sera. IgE antibodies to Acid P, HYAL, or melittin were present in 60%, 51%, and 31% of sera, respectively, and accounted for the highest level of binding in 17%, 17%, and 6% of these. Only 6% of sera were positive for whole venom but negative for the isolated antigens. A low level of IgE antibody was found to peptide 401 in 6% of sera. No IgE antibodies were found to apamin. While confirming the central role played by PLA2 in bee sting allergy, these results show that other venom components are also important in some patients.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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