Search

Electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation in an aqueous solution is considered a promising approach to ammonia synthesis. Still, this process has low Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield, so it is necessary to develop an efficient, clean, and safe catalyst to promote nitrogen reduction process. Doping can be easily carried out during the crystal growth owing to the weak interaction between the sandwiched layers (due to van der Waals forces) of MoS 2. Here, a Ni-P codoped MoS 2 nanosheets is designed as a highly efficient catalyst for electrochemical nitrogen fixation with superior selectivity. Especially, the doping of Ni achieved the transformation of MoS 2 from 2 H phase to 1 T phase, improving the conductivity of the material. In addition, the doping of P creates more sulfur vacancies in the catalyst, thereby producing more H*, which promotes the adsorption and activation of nitrogen. The as-synthesized Ni-P codoped MoS 2 nanosheets show excellent catalytic performance with a high yield of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis (84.29 μg NH3 h−1 mg cat −1) and Faraday efficiency (2.39 %) at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in acidic electrolytes (0.005 M H 2 SO 4), which outperformed most electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis catalysts. Furthermore, the Ni-P codoped MoS 2 catalyst also shows outstanding electrochemical stability and durability. This work may offer a hopeful lead for designing effective non-noble-metal NRR electrocatalysts. • Ni-P codoped MoS 2 nanosheets is designed for electrochemical nitrogen fixation. • Ni achieved the transformation of MoS 2 from 2H phase to 1T phase. • P creates more sulfur vacancies in the catalyst. • High yield of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis and Faraday efficiency are achieved. • Ni-P codoped MoS 2 catalyst shows outstanding electrochemical stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffusion of lithium ions and sodium ions in the anode materials is the main factor limiting the fast-charging performance of lithium and sodium-ion batteries. Due to the slow diffusion kinetics, taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, lithium ions and electrons accumulate locally in and on the surface of anode materials, especially in the process of fast-charging, resulting in uneven lithiation reaction and enormous transient stress, which leads to poor fast-charging performance. In this work, from the aspect of solving the ion diffusion rate, a capacitive type of energy storage is introduced by designing MoS 2 /rGO composite materials with pinned structures as fast-charging and stable anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. Combining the high ion conductivity and structural rigidity of the rGO conductive network with a few-layer MoS 2 provides a high ion diffusion rate and capacity. As expected, it can charge to 69 % in 25 min and 44 % in 3.2 min, respectively, providing a high capacity of 214.2 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and a high-capacity retention of 85.31 % after 1, 000 cycles at the current density of 3 A g−1 in sodium-ion batteries. Similarly, the high reversible capacity of 910.5 mAh g−1 is achieved in the lithium-ion batteries, and there is almost no capacity loss after 1, 000 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g−1. This work may provide a reference for designing more fast-charging anode materials with high capacity. [Display omitted] • A stable structure in which MoS 2 with an interlayer spacing of 6.75 Å is uniformly dispersed on graphene. • By amino modification of MoS 2 stripped by lithium ion intercalation and the action of oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene. • MoS 2 /rGO composite materials can charge to 69 % in 25 min and 44 % in 3.2 min. • A high fast-charging capacity of 214 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 in SIBs, and 910 mAh g−1 in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) happens at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrocatalysts. Thus, the outer surface of electrocatalysts is regarded as the most important towards the catalytic performance, considering its direct contact with the electrolyte. However, the interior part of catalysts could also have an influence on the HER performances. Herein, the HER catalytic performances of MoS 2 nanosheets are proven to be enhanced by the interior NiCo 2 S 4 nanotube skeletons, although the interior skeletons are unaccessible for the electrolyte during the HER process. The reasons may lie in the optimized electronic transport properties and much increased amount as well as intrinsic activity of active sites. The theoretical calculations and experimental results suggest enhanced adsorption of H* and accelerated Heyrovsky step of the HER process for the NiCo 2 S 4 supported MoS 2 , which may be the reason of the improved intrinsic activity of the active sites. Moreover, calculation of the densities of states suggests the metallic nature of the heterostructures, which could result in the excellent electronic transport performance for NiCo 2 S 4 supported MoS 2. In addition, the enhancement has a close relationship with the amount of the loading MoS 2. Besides, compared with bared NiCo 2 S 4 nanotubes, the MoS 2 loaded NiCo 2 S 4 nanostructures also exhibit better HER catalytic activity as well as improved catalytic stability. This work offers an effective and facile way to design and prepare efficient non-precious metal HER catalysts. [Display omitted] • HER electrocatalysts with MoS 2 outer surfaces and NiCo 2 S 4 interior skeletons are prepared. • Although the interior skeletons are unaccessible for the electrolyte, they can enhance the corresponding HER performances. • The mechanism is analyzed based on theoretical calculations and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-element intermetallic energetic structural materials (ESMs) can be applied as reactive fragment, reactive shell and reactive shaped charge. As typical of intermetallics ESMs, Ni-Al ESMs have been heavily studied. However, the low density limits its application. This work proposed to improve the performance of Ni-Al ESMs by adding Ta. The nearly fully dense Ta-Ni-Al ESMs with a molar ratio 4:3:3 was successfully fabricated by explosive consolidation. The density was high up to 10.52 g/cm3 (98.3% theoretical maximum density). The heat treatment was used to further improve the performance of the Ta-Ni-Al ESMs. The microstructure characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The mechanical properties, reaction and impact-induced energy release have been systematically studied. Firstly, quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were conducted to analyze the mechanical properties of the sample before and after heat treatment. Secondly, the reaction characteristics in different atmospheres were discussed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the additive Ta was concerned. Furthermore, Impact-induced energy release tests on the Ta-Ni-Al ESMs were performed to understand the energy release properties. Based on these tests, the characterization of Ta-Ni-Al ESMs fabricated by explosive consolidation was obtained. There was no intermetallic formed in explosive consolidated samples. After the heat treatment, Ta-Ni-Al ESMs have good plasticity and strain rate effect. Meanwhile, under high impact velocity, the impact-induced energy release capability of Ta-Ni-Al ESMs was equivalent to Ni-Al ESMs. • Ta-Ni-Al ESMs with density of 10.56 g/cm3 was prepared by explosive consolidation. • The effect of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties is analyzed. • The effect of Ta on reaction characteristics of Al–Ni composite is investigated. • Under high impact velocity, the energy release capability of Ta-Ni-Al ESMs was equivalent to Ni-Al ESMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosized vanadium nitride (VN) wrapped onto carbon fibers was synthesized by a molten salt disproportionation synthesis method at 800–1,000 ºC, using V and melamine as raw materials in molten (Li,K)Cl salts. Molten salts could accelerate the formation of nanosized VN at a lower temperature, which is possibly associated with the disproportionation reaction of V-ions on g-C 3 N 4 surface. VN displays remarkable application prospects as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), delivering a reversible discharge capacity of 320.1 mAh·g−1 at 1.0 A·g−1 after 500 cycles and 669.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 after 230 cycles without capacity attenuation. Such a remarkable cyclability of VN is attributed to the increased surface area and superior structural stability, induced by the dispersion of VN nanoparticles onto high-conductive carbon fibrous network. Li-ions storage mechanism of VN is pseudocapacitive, accompanied with the conversion-type electrochemcial reaction of VN with Li-ions during the de-/lithiation process. • Nanosized VN wrapped onto carbon fibers was firstly prepared by a molten salt disproportionation synthesis method. • Formation of nanosized VN may be associated with the disproportionation reaction of V-ions on g-C 3 N 4 surface. • VN exhibits impressive electrochemical performances as an anode for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide residues lead to increasingly serious harmful ecological environment, which poses tremendous threats on human health. To overcome this problem, researchers are focusing on the development of highly efficient composites with excellent photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, a new C/ZnO/BiOI photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using hydrothermal, hydrolysis and ultrasonic technique for carbaryl degradation. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET, UV–vis DRS and PL. The photocatalyst exhibited better carbaryl removal performances than that of ZnO, C/ZnO and ZnO/BiOI under simulated sunlight irradiation, which might be attributed to the efficient electron-hole separation and wider region of light response. The optimum C/ZnO/BiOI (20%) composite exhibited the highest degradation efficiency (62.9%) of carbaryl and excellent cycling stability. Reactive species scavenging and ESR experiments illustrated that . OH was the most important active species. Furthermore, the identification of intermediates revealed possible degradation pathways of carbaryl. [Display omitted] • A new C/ZnO/BiOI photocatalyst was successfully synthesized. • The photocatalyst showed excellent photocatalytic activity and reusability. • . OH played a major role in the carbaryl degradation process. • The degradation mechanism and pathways of carbaryl were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the 3D flower-like V 2 Al 1- x CT z with an estimated petaloid nanosheet thickness of 10–20 nm were firstly obtained by etching the submicro-sized V 2 AlC precursors, which were synthesized at 1000 °C holding for 5 h in (Na,K)Cl melt by a facile molten salt method, in 40 wt% HF at room temperature. The synthesis mechanism of V 2 AlC is possibly related to the disproportionation reaction of V-ions on carbon surface in molten salts to form V 2 C, followed by the intercalation of Al into V 2 C. Subsequently, the 3D flower-like V 2 Al 1- x CT z was applied as an anode in lithium-ion batteries, releasing ~215.2 mA h g−1 in the continuous 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, which exhibits the superiority in the reversible capacity in contrast with some reported micro-sized layered V 2 CT z MXenes. Such excellent electrochemical characteristics of V 2 Al 1- x CT z could be mainly ascribed to its unique submicro-sized flower-like morphology with high specific surface areas and abundant electrochemical sites for accommodating the reversible insertion/extraction of Li-ions. [Display omitted] • 3D flower-like V 2 Al 1- x CT z was firstly obtained by etching the submicro-sized V 2 AlC precursors. • Thickness of the nanosheets on V 2 Al 1- x CT z with a lot of defects was estimated as 10–20 nm. • The V 2 Al 1- x CT z exhibits desirable electrochemical performances as an anode in LIBs. • It may be extended to the synthesis of MXenes with diverse morphologies as anodes for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium-based MXenes are prospective as anode materials in energy-storage devices including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but limited by their charge-discharge capacities. Herein, partially-etched V 2 Al x CT z with the average particle size of ~400 nm was synthesized using 40 wt% HF or mixed NaF+HCl solutions as etchants, respectively. V 2 Al x CT z etched by 40 wt% HF for 96 h at room temperature (RT) has more exceptional charge-discharge performances against mixed NaF+HCl solutions, with an average reversible capacity of ~450 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in the 120 cycles and ~301.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles in LIBs. The effect of etchants on electrochemical performances and lithium-ion (Li-ion) storage mechanism of V 2 Al x CT z was discussed comprehensively. Additionally, a Li-ion full cell using LiFePO 4 as cathode has exhibited excellent electrochemical performance (150.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C). This work illustrates that partially-etched V 2 Al x CT z with the submicro-sized distribution is also a promising anode material for LIBs. • Partially etched V 2 Al x CT z with ~400 nm was synthesized by etching submicro-sized V 2 AlC with 40 wt% HF and mixed NaF+HCl solutions, respectively. • V 2 Al x CT z etched by HF solution has more prominent electrochemical performances against NaF+HCl solutions. • Increased capacity contribution of V 2 Al x CT z etched by HF solutions may come from its defects and Al-Li alloying effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of ZBH:Tm3+/yNCDs composites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. • The ZBH:Tm3+/yNCDs could suppress the self-quenching effect of yNCDs in state solid. • The yNCDs improve the luminescence performance of ZBH:Tm3+ materials. • The influences of yNCDs on the structure, morphologies and luminescence properties of the composites were studied. • The tunable white light were achieved under 360 nm excitation. Rare earth (RE)-doped luminescent materials have shown tremendous potential applications in the optical field. However, it is still a challenge to improve its luminescence properties further. In this study, the Tm3+-doped zinc borate (4ZnO·B 2 O 3 ·H 2 O, ZBH) with a flaky-like morphology was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction. The photoluminescence (PL) performance of ZBH:Tm3+ is improved through incorporating yellow N-doped carbon dots (yNCDs). Simultaneously, by changing the content of yNCDs in ZBH:Tm3+ host, the morphological evolution from flaky-like to flower-like of the ZBH:Tm3+/yNCDs composite are realized. The ZBH:Tm3+/yNCDs composite with flower-like exhibits the strongest white light emission and splendid thermal stability under 360 nm excitation wavelength, matching the current mainstream near-ultraviolet (NUV) LED chip. Thus, ZBH:Tm3+/yNCDs composite might be a promising luminescent material in the NUV white lighting and display fields. The findings of this study developed a novel idea for improving the luminescent properties of RE-doped materials. Besides, it also solves fluorescence quenching problems of carbon dots in the solid-state illumination field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• O-Co x Ni y P was synthesized by the coprecipitation followed by a phosphorization treatment step. • O-Co 1 Ni 4 P electrode containing Co:Ni molar ratio equal to 1:4 showed the best performance. • Optimized content of O dopant in Co x Ni y P is essential for promoting electrochemical reactivity. • The asymmetric supercapacitor displayed outstanding capacitive performance. Tailoring of the electrode microstructure and its active components for the development of high-performance supercapacitors was rather indispensable to advance current technologies. Therefore, we fabricated a novel O-doped Co-Ni nanophosphide (O-Co x Ni y P) with a porous structure. Our approach included the synthesis of 3D Co-Ni precursors with tunable Co/Ni ratio utilizing a phosphorization treatment. Our characterization results indicated that incorporating the optimized O content into Co x Ni y P could tune its electronic structure and yield mixed valences of metals and P, which was beneficial to enhance electrochemical reactivity. The O-Co 1 Ni 4 P-based electrode with the 1:4 Co:Ni molar ratio manifested the best performance as demonstrated by its specific capacity, which was equivalent to 717.1 C/g (at 1 A/g). This value was significantly higher than those of other O-Co x Ni y P family electrodes. The cycling stability of the electrode containing O-Co 1 Ni 4 P as an active material was found to be excellent: it demonstrated a 95.1% capacity retention after 5000 10 A/g cycles. We also assembled an asymmetric supercapacitor containing O-Co 1 Ni 4 P as a positive electrode material and commercial activated carbon as a negative electrode material. The device demonstrated very high energy density (47.5 Wh/kg) and 90.3% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. These results established that our anion-doping method represented a novel strategy for improving the electrochemical performance of transition metal-based material. These discoveries were useful for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the recrystallization process in deformed high-purity aluminum was investigated by using the internal friction (IF) and hardness measurement. In the heating process, two IF peaks were detected when the heating rate is 2 °C/min: a sharp peak (P 1 peak) at ~139 °C and a wide peak (P 2 peak) at ~278 °C (0.5 Hz). In the subsequent cooling process, the P 1 peak disappears while the P 2 peak remains. The P 2 peak shifted towards higher temperatures with increasing frequency and can be ascribed to grain boundary relaxation. For the P 1 peak, however, its position did not change with increasing frequency but shifted towards higher temperatures with increasing heating rate in the range of 1–5 °C/min, and the corresponding modulus varied abnormally in the temperature range of 115–160 °C. These facts indicated that the P 1 peak is a non-relaxational peak and can be ascribed to the recrystallization process. The recrystallization activation energy deduced via the shift of peak position with heating rate by using the Kissinger equation is 57± 3 kJ/mol, which is as same as that deduced from the classical isothermal recrystallization process as assessed by microhardness measurement. The classical isothermal recrystallization temperature can be deduced from the peak temperature of P 1 peak by simply adjusting the heating rate. This provided a method to determine the recrystallization temperature via internal friction measurement in a continuously heating process, which needs only two or three samples. • The P 1 peak associated with the recrystallization process of Al was detected. • Recrystallization activation energy of Al during continuously heating was estimated. • Classical recrystallization process was simulated via continuously heating process. • Feasibility of determining recrystallization temperature by IF was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-sealed microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on 7075 aluminium alloy by incorporating different concentrations of ZrO 2 particles. The wear resistance and corrosion behaviour of MAO- and MAO/ZrO 2 -coated alloys were investigated. The results show that the tribological behaviour of the coatings was controlled by an abrasive mechanism. The coefficient of friction (COF) for the MAO/ZrO 2 -coated samples decreased to 0.82, indicating that the wear resistance was significantly improved due to the incorporation of hard ZrO 2 particles and the enhanced compactness and surface roughness of the coatings. The sealed pores effectively prevented the permeation of the corrosion solution, thus increasing the electrochemical corrosion resistance. Pores and microcracks would be enlarged and preferentially fractured during slow strain rate testing (SSRT) and thus were the initial sites for corrosion pitting and SCC crack propagation. The interlocking mechanism between the pores (microcracks) and ZrO 2 particles enhanced the strength of the pores (microcracks); therefore, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of the MAO/ZrO 2 -coated samples was also reduced. Moreover, the MAO/ZrO 2 coatings formed with the addition of 4 g/L ZrO 2 particles had the best corrosion resistance, and the SCC susceptibility was reduced by 8.1% compared with that of the Al matrix. • MAO/ZrO 2 coatings were prepared by incorporating different concentration of ZrO 2 particles. • The compactness and surface roughness were significantly improved by ZrO 2 addition. • The wear and corrosion resistance of MAO/ZrO 2 coatings were remarkably enhanced. • The SCC susceptibility of MAO/ZrO 2 coatings was reduced due to interlocking mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation-induced quenching effect and poor thermal stability issues of carbon dots (CDs) limit their further development in the solid-state lighting and display field. In this work, a red carbon dot/boron nitride nanosheet (rCDs/BNNS) composite was synthesized using boron nitride as a carrier by in-situ embedding of rCDs. Thanks to the uniform dispersion of rCDs and the restraint of BNNS, the prepared rCDs/BNNS composite has excellent fluorescence stability and thermal stability. rCDs/BNNS composites as fluorescent markers can be used to detect potential fingerprints on various surfaces. Furthermore, rCDs/BNNS were dispersed into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers to prepare rCDs/BNNS/PVA flexible luminescent films. In addition to the excellent stability inherited from rCDs/BNNS, the thin film also exhibits high heat dissipation by reason of the establishment of a heat transfer channel in the PVA by rCDs/BNNS. Moreover, thin films can still maintain original fluorescence after undergoing hundreds or thousands of bends, while possessing sufficient tensile strength. This study provides a facile pathway for the preparation of highly stable CDs luminescent materials, and has a promising application in the forensic identification and flexible luminescent devices' thermal management fields. • A novel rCDs/BNNS composite was synthesized with excellent fluorescence stability and thermal stability. • The rCDs/BNNS/PVA film was obtained by encapsulating rCDs/BNNS into PVA. • Fluorescent film has good luminescence stability and mechanical flexibility. • The film displays outstanding heat dissipation in the application of LED lamp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gd-based metallic microfibers have been the research highlights due to the significant magnetocaloric effect. Herein, the atomic cluster micro-regions are constructed in Gd-based microfibers to further improve the magnetocaloric effect. The results show that the continuous and amorphous microfibers with excellent softly magnetic and thermal stability properties are obtained. The maximum magnetic entropy change -Δ S m max of Gd-based microfibers increases first and then decreases with Ni alloying degree increase. Among which, the better magnetocaloric properties is obtained in (Gd 60 A 20 lCo 20) 95 Ni 5 microfibers. The maximum magnetic entropy change, refrigeration capacity (RC), and relative cooling power (RCP) at 5 T reach 11.57 J/kg K, 834.14 J/kg, and 1138.16 J/kg, respectively. The outstanding magnetocaloric properties of microfibers are attributed to the indirect interaction coupling caused by Ni elements and the atomic cluster micro-regions, which lead to a fundamental shift in magnetic entropy. The findings of this study promote the application of Gd-based microfibers in the field of magnetic refrigeration. • The excellent magnetocaloric properties are obtained in GdAlCoNi5 microfibers after Ni alloyed. • The -Δ S m max, RC and RCP of GdAlCoNi5 microfibers reach 11.57 J/kg·K, 834.14 J/kg and 1138.16 J/kg, respectively. • The atomic cluster micro-regions promote the transformation of magnetic entropy disorder to order after Ni alloyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion and discharging behavior of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy were studied at a series pressures ranged from 0.1 MPa to 13.0 MPa using weigh loss experiments, electrochemical techniques, and imaging measurements et al. Results reveal that the self-corrosion and self-discharging process of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy live through the same three stages, which are all accelerated by hydrostatic pressure. The discharging performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti drops with increasing pressure, which is caused by the acceleration of cathodic process and severer intergranular corrosion. The corresponding cathodic protection design based on Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti sacrificial anode with the changing pressure has been set up, which follows exponential function. • The working performance of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy as sacrificial anode decreases with increasing pressure. • Study unveiled the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the corrosion and self-discharging behavior of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti alloy. • The cathodic protection design based on the Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti sacrificial anode with changing pressure was firstly set up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Ni(OH) 2 /ZnO hydrangea-like structure is prepared via a facile electrodeposition strategy with the Ni(OH) 2 flower-like particles growing on the ZnO layered carrier. This flower-like structure can take advantage of both ZnO and Ni(OH) 2 , leading to a fast ion/electron transport speed and structural stability, finally, attaining an outstanding specific capacitance (2264.55 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), excellent rate performance (601.09 F g−1 at 30 A g−1) and cycle stability (maintain 94.9% specific capacitance after 5000 cycles). The Ni-OH/ZnO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device achieves a high energy density of 68.44 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 400 W kg−1, demonstrating great potential as an electrode material for energy storage devices. The mechanism of synergistic effect of Ni(OH) 2 and ZnO mutually supporting composite structure to improve electrochemical properties is innovatively proposed. • A novel Ni(OH) 2 /ZnO hydrangea-like structure is prepared via electrodeposition. • Outstanding cyclic and rate performance is achieved due to the supporting of ZnO. • The composite fulfills an outstanding capacitance of 2264.55 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. • The synergistic effect of mutually supporting structure is discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 5% Cu-NCS@FG exhibits mesoporous structure for electrolyte ions diffusion. • A small amount of Cu doping can completely maintain the 3D structure of NCS. • An outstanding rate capability of 86% at 20 times current density can be achieved. • The synergy effect of Cu and FG significantly enhances the electrochemical property. Cu-doped NiCo 2 S 4 /flake graphite nanosheet arrays were prepared by multi-step hydrothermal calcination. Three-dimensional structure provides a wealth of active sites and structure stability to improve the charging/discharging rate. Moreover, 5% Cu-doped NiCo 2 S 4 /flake graphite composite fulfills an excellent specific capacitance of 3080 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 and remains 2600 F·g−1 at 20 A·g−1 with an outstanding capacitance retention rate of 86% at 20 times current density. The all-solid supercapacitor with 5% Cu-doped NiCo 2 S 4 /flake graphite electrode and activated carbon electrode exhibits an excellent energy density of 79.4 Wh·g−1 at a power density of 400 W·kg−1 with an outstanding cycling stability of 94% retention after 10000 cycles，suggesting its great potential for the development of high-performance energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There are multiple types nodal line semimetals in Pm 3 ̅ m space group. • Nodal line fermions show strong robustness. • Nodal lines clearly show the Fermi arc edge states. • Nodal lines have good regulation properties with dispersion and energy levels. Nodal line semimetals (NLSMs) have been widely studied in condensed matter physics, due to interesting electronic behaviors and wide application in electronic devices. Generally, based on band dispersion, the linear nodal lines (NLs) can be classified into four types, namely type-I, type-II, critical-type, and hybrid-type. In particular, realistic critical-type NLs are relatively rare. Here, we systematically report a series of NLSMs (thirty-one NLSMs) with critical-type and type-I one-dimensional (1D) crossings, namely intermetallic XY (X = Ca, Rare earth; Y = Ni, PGE, Ag, Cu). Specifically, in Pm 3 ̅ m space group with the time (T) and spatial (P) reversal invariances, we find thirty-one synthesized NLSMs, which contain five critical-type NLSMs and twenty-six type-I NLSMs. It is worth noting that these non-trivial NLs show clear drumhead surface states. Also, these NLs are protected by PT and M z symmetries, showing strong robustness. Besides, these NL fermions possess excellent regulation properties for band dispersion and energy level. Also, these NLs open tiny energy gaps (<100 meV) under SOC, very closing to previous typical NLSMs. The above results indicate we provide a number of excellent candidate materials for the future research on NL fermions and their potential applications in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]