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To model the centrifugal loads and complex geometries experienced by turbine blades during service, the nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 samples with a groove structure are designed and tested under the coupling conditions of high-speed rotating of 20,000 r/min and high temperature of 980 ℃. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to analyze the microstructural evolution of γ-γ' phases and dislocation morphologies of 400 h and 1000 h samples. The results indicate that microstructural degradation of the γ-γ' phase attributes to the larger centrifugal tensile stress S 11 in the applied physical stress compositions until deformation occurs. Our observations suggest that a/2 < 101 > -type dislocations initiate plastic deformation by slipping within the γ phase. However, their movement is constrained at the interface between the γ and γ' phases, resulting in their tendency to aggregate at this boundary. After the formation of stable interfacial dislocation networks, these dislocations then react to generate either a< 010 > -type dislocations or a/2 < 112 > -type dislocations, which cut into the γ' phase. However, under high stress conditions, the a/2 < 101 > -type dislocations are primarily cut directly in the form of dislocation pairs. • The γ-γ' phase degradation and dislocation evolution of DD6 superalloy was investigated. • Creep tests are conducted under high-speed rotating and high temperature condition. • Microstructural degradation of the γ-γ' phase attributes to the larger centrifugal tensile stress S 11. • Interfacial dislocation networks and superdislocations accelerate the separation and disappearance of the γ phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys (Ni-SXs) are of great interests in aircraft industry due to their excellent high temperature creep strength deriving from the rigid gamma/gamma prime (γ/γ′) microstructure and the single crystal nature. The creep properties of Ni-SXs depend strongly on the degradation rate of the original rigid γ/γ′ microstructure with the dislocation movements in the microstructure. Since the applied temperature and stress strongly affect the dislocation movements, the different creep mechanisms are displayed to Ni-SXs during low temperature (∼750 °C), mid-temperature (∼950 °C) and high temperature (∼1100 °C) creep. The creep deformation during low temperature creep is mainly caused by the shearing of γ′ phase by a limited number of dislocations, while high temperature creep mainly occurs to the accumulation of creep strains with the increased dislocation activities in γ phase. To enhance the creep properties of alloy, a variety of strategies of the microstructural optimization need to be considered. One is to increase the volume fraction of γ′ phase to enhance the precipitation strengthening effects. But excessive amounts of γ′ phase are disadvantageous to low temperature strength of alloy. The coarsening of γ′ phase and the rafting process strongly correlates to dislocation movements. It is of importance to discuss the specific mechanisms of coarsening and rafting as well as their influence to the creep properties of alloy. The lattice misfit between the γ and γ′ phase plays an important role in influencing the coarsening of γ′ phase and the creep properties of alloy. A proper lattice misfit helps to form the cubic γ′ phase which is advantageous to alloy. But a too large lattice misfit can promote the coarsening of γ′ phase that damages the structural stability of alloy at high temperatures. The increased additions of refractory elements in alloy promote the formation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phase. TCP phase facilitates the nucleation and propagation of micro-cracks around it that damages the creep properties of alloy. This review aims to summarize some aspects of microstructural evolution during creep of alloy with considering their effects to creep properties. To guide the design of Ni-SXs in future, some perspectives about the microstructural optimization are properly provided. • The creep properties of Nickel-based superalloys are greatly decided by the microstructural evolution during creep. • The creep mechanisms are determined by the intrinsic dislocation activities occurred in the microstructure. • The coarsening of γ′ phase is emphasized, especially the rafting process. • Lattice misfit strongly affects the formation of dislocation networks and coarsening of γ′ phase. • The formation of TCP phase which is detrimental to creep properties need to be strictly restricted in superalloy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]