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Lanthanide doped Ba 1-x Sr x TiO 3 (x = 0–1) solid-solution phosphors were successfully prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. Using Eu 3+ dopants as the structural probe, the variation of 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 / 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 emission intensity ratio with increase of Eu 3+ content and the excitation-wavelength-dependent luminescence in the Ba 1-x Sr x TiO 3 sample were demonstrated to be originated from the different emission behaviors of Eu 3+ in Ba 2+ /Sr 2+ site and Ti 4+ site. Furthermore, upconversion luminescence for the Yb 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped Ba 1-x Sr x TiO 3 samples were investigated, and it was found that the emission intensity of Yb 3+ /Er 3+ : Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 phosphor was about 5 and 2 times as high as those of Yb 3+ /Er 3+ : BaTiO 3 and Yb 3+ /Er 3+ : SrTiO 3 ones. Using the investigated Yb 3+ /Er 3+ : Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 solid-solution as the optical thermometric medium, the temperature sensitivity was determined to be 0.76% K −1 at the temperature of 610 K based on the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity ratio of the thermally coupled 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 emitting-states of Er 3+ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]