1. NaTi2(PO4)3/C‖carbon package asymmetric flexible supercapacitors with the positive material recycled from spent Zn‒Mn dry batteries.
- Author
-
Guo, Xiumei, Luan, Zhenhong, Lu, Yanmin, Fu, Lirong, and Gai, Ligang
- Subjects
- *
SUPERCAPACITORS , *POWER capacitors , *RADIOACTIVE substances , *CHROME-nickel steel , *CAPACITOR switching - Abstract
Abstract Spent Zn‒Mn batteries (ZMBs) pose a serious threat on eco-system and human health because of the toxic heavy metal ions released from ZMBs into the environment. In this report, carbon package is recycled from spent ZMBs and used as a positive electrode material for flexible supercapacitors. In a three-electrode system using 1 mol L−1 Na 2 SO 4 as the electrolyte, the recycled carbon package (RCP) can deliver a specific capacitance of 100 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. After 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1, a specific capacitance of 86 F g−1 is retained with nearly 100% coulombic efficiency. Nanocomposite of NaTi 2 (PO 4) 3 with nitrogen-doped carbon layer (NTP/C) is prepared through a simple co-precipitation plus annealing method. NTP/C can deliver specific capacity of 320 and 273 F g−1 at 1 and 10 A g−1, using 1 mol L−1 Na 2 SO 4 as the electrolyte. The high rate capability of NTP/C is attributed to the high specific surface area and nitrogen-doped carbon layer. Flexible asymmetric supercapacitors are assembled in configuration of NTP/C‖RCP, using 1 mol L−1 Na 2 SO 4 as the electrolyte and stainless steel foil as the current collector. At 0.5 A g−1, the typical flexible supercapacitor cell can deliver a specific energy of 17.8 W h kg−1 with corresponding specific power of 503 W kg−1, and retain 15 W h kg−1 after 2000 cycles. Graphical abstract Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (electrode geometric area: 1 × 1 cm2) connected in two series can lighten 24 blue LEDs (normal voltage 3.0–3.2 V, rated current 20 mA) for more than 8 min that are assembled by using carbon package recycled from spent Zn‒Mn batteries as the positive electrode and NaTi 2 (PO 4) 3 /C with nitrogen doping as the negative electrode. Image 1 Highlights • Carbon package is recycled from spent Zn‒Mn batteries (ZMBs). • The recycled carbon package (RCP) is suitable for application in supercapacitors. • NaTi 2 (PO 4) 3 /C with nitrogen doping exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. • NaTi 2 (PO 4) 3 /C‖RCP retains 15 W h kg−1 after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF