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Abstract It is well known that rare earth (RE) based intermetallic compounds reveal various interesting magnetic properties depending on the crystallized structures and the constituent elements, paving the way for potential applications in different fields. Recent progresses regarding magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in ternary rare earth RE 2 T 2 X (RE = Gd-Tm; T = Cu, Ni, Co; and X = Cd, In, Ga, Sn, Al) intermetallic compounds are reviewed in this paper. Some of them exhibit excellent MCE performances which make them attractive in the field of magnetic refrigeration at low temperature. With the aim of understanding the magnetocaloric characteristics of RE 2 T 2 X compounds, the crystal structure, magnetism and magnetic phase transition are also focused. The origin of the MCE together with the physics behind and the potential application of RE 2 T 2 X compounds are thoroughly considered. Highlights • Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in RE 2 T2X compounds are reviewed. • The RE 2 T2X compounds show four types of crystallize structures. • Some of them exhibit excellent cryogenic magnetocaloric performances. • The origin of magnetocaloric effect in RE 2 T2X compounds is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Magnetic cooling technology based on the magneto-caloric effect (MCE) has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration technology. Exploring suitable magnetic solids with promising magneto-caloric performances is a key issue in this field. Here, we report a systematic characterization of the glass forming ability, microstructure, magnetism and MCE of Ho 57 Cu 25 Al 18 and Tm 57 Cu 25 Al 18 amorphous ribbons. Promising MCE performances were observed for both ribbons at low temperature. Compared with most of the rare earth-based amorphous alloys, both ribbons were found to have comparable or even larger values of -Δ S M max (maximum magnetic entropy change), RC (refrigeration capacity) and RCP (relative cooling power). These promising magneto-caloric performances make amorphousized RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons attractive for active cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. Highlights • Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons were studied. • Promising MCE performance was observed in amorphous RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons. • The origin of MCE in amorphous RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetic entropy change of amorphousized Tm 60 Co 20 Ni 20 ribbon were systematically studied. The results indicate that the Tm 60 Co 20 Ni 20 amorphous ribbon reveals a second order magnetic transition (paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state) based on the Arrott plots and rescaled magnetic entropy change curves. A large magnetic entropy change is achieved around its Curie temperature of T C ∼6.7 K. Under the magnetic field change (Δ Η ) of 0–5 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are 17.1 J/kg K and 273 J/kg, respectively. In particular, under a relative low Δ Η of 0–2 T, a large magnetic entropy change of 11.8 J/kg K reaches, making it attractive in the field of low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and universal behaviour of ternary Cadmium compounds Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd have been investigated systematically. A second order magnetic phase transition from a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state is observed for Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd at their own Curie temperatures of T C ∼120 and 36 K, respectively. A large reversible MCE occurs near its own T C for both compounds. The maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) are 10.1 and 19.1 J/kg K under a magnetic field change of 0–7 T with no obviously hysteresis loss for Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd, respectively. The corresponding values of refrigerant capacity ( RC ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are evaluated to be 386 and 373 J/kg, and to be 525 and 489 J/kg, respectively. The rescaled magnetic entropy change curves collapse onto a single curve for various magnetic fields, further confirming the Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd compounds with the second order phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in the equiatomic intermetallic compounds of TmZnAl and TmAgAl have been investigated. The compounds undergo a second order magnetic transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state around its own Curie temperatures T C ∼2.8 K and 3.3 K for TmZnAl and TmAgAl, respectively. A considerable reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was observed at low temperature. For a magnetic field change of 7 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are 11.8 J/kg K and 289 J/kg for TmZnAl, respectively, and the corresponding values for TmAgAl are 14.1 J/kg K and 315 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect in RE AgAl ( RE = Er and Ho) intermetallic compounds have been studied. Both compounds undergo a second order magnetic phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state. A large reversible magnetocaloric effect was observed around its own Curie temperatures T C ∼ 14 and 18 K for ErAgAl and HoAgAl, respectively. For a field change of 0–7 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change reaches 13.7 and 13.8 J/kg K for RE = Er and Ho, respectively. The corresponding relative cooling powers are evaluated to be 398 and 525 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare-earths (RE) based amorphous materials with large magnetocaloric (MC) effects and excellent glass forming ability (GFA) have been recognized as promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration (MR). In this work, the RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 (RE = Ho, Er, Tm) amorphous ribbons were successfully fabricated and systematically determined with respect to the GFA, magnetic properties and MC effects. A second order magnetic phase transition (MPT) from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM to PM) without noticeable field or thermal hysteresis has been observed around the Curie temperatures, T C ~ 22.3 K for Ho 60 Co 20 Al 20 , ~ 10.3 K for Er 60 Co 20 Al 20 , and ~ 5.0 K for Tm 60 Co 20 Al 20 , respectively. The MC parameters including the maximum magnetic entropy change (| Δ S M max |), temperature-averaged entropy change with 3 K lift [ TEC (3 K)], and relative cooling powder/refrigerant capacity (RCP/RC) have been determined to check the MC performances, and the corresponding values are determined to be 14.16, 15.57 and 15.06 J/kgK, to be14.04, 15.38 and 14.78 J/kgK, and to be 625.0/478.7, 505.7/391.8 and 334.0/243.4 J/kg for Ho 60 Co 20 Al 20 , Er 60 Co 20 Al 20 and Tm 60 Co 20 Al 20 under the field change Δμ 0 H = 5 T, respectively. The present results indicate that RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 (RE = Ho, Er, Tm) amorphous ribbons are considerable for cryogenic MR application. • The RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 (RE = Ho, Er, Tm) amorphous ribbons are fabricated. • The glass forming ability in RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 amorphous ribbons was investigated. • Large magnetocaloric effect in RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 has been observed. • RE 60 Co 20 Al 20 ribbons are considerable for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary rare earth RE CoSi 2 (RE = Er and Tm) intermetallic compounds were synthesized by means of arc-melting technique and their crystal structure, magnetism and magneto-caloric effect (MCE) were studied systematically. Both ErCoSi 2 and TmCoSi 2 crystallize in a CeNiSi 2 -type structure (Cmcm space group) confirmed by FULLPROF Rietveld refinement. Magnetization data indicates the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground state for both RE CoSi 2 compounds, and a magnetic field-induced ferromagnetic (FM) transition occurs below the Neel temperature T N ∼6.9 K for ErCoSi 2 and ∼5.4 K for TmCoSi 2. Considerable reversible MCE in ErCoSi 2 and TmCoSi 2 was observed. The MCE performances of RE CoSi 2 are evaluated by -Δ S M max (maximal magnetic entropy change), TEC (3) (temperature averaged entropy change), and RCP (relative cooling power) with the values of 7.1 J/kg K, 6.8 J/kg K and 165.9 J/kg for ErCoSi 2 , as well as 8.7 J/kg K, 8.5 J/kg K and 152.9 J/kg for TmCoSi 2 , respectively, under Δ H (field change) of 0–50 kOe. Image 1 • CeNiSi 2 -type RE CoSi 2 (RE = Er and Tm) compounds were fabricated. • AFM ordering at T N ∼6.9 K for ErCoSi 2 and ∼5.4 K for TmCoSi 2. • A field-induced AFM to FM transition for both compounds occur below T N. • Considerable values of -Δ S M max, TEC , RC and RCP were found. • RE CoSi 2 compounds are also considerable for cryogenic magnetic cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure together with the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in RE 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 (RE = Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) have been investigated systematically. All the RE 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 compounds crystallize in a CaIn 2 -type structure of (P63/mmc space group). A second-ordered magnetic phase transition (SOPT) from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM to PM) is occurred in RE 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 compounds with the Curie temperatures (T C) of approximately 16.1, 10.6, 4.1 and below 2 K for RE of Dy, Ho, Er and Tm, respectively. The magnetocaloric parameters including magnetic isothermal entropy change/temperature-averaged magnetic entropy change -Δ S M max/ TEC (5) and relative cooling power RCP are calculated with the values of 10.01/9.92 J/kg K and 418.6 J/kg for Dy 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 , 20.12/19.65 J/kg K and 644.1 J/kg for Ho 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 , 18.07/17.69 J/kg K and 447.1 J/kg for Er 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 , as well as 18.22/16.75 J/kg K and 330.7 J/kg for Tm 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 with magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–7 T, respectively. Notably, Ho 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 exhibits ralatively high magnetocaloric parameters, which suggests that Ho 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 is a competitive candidate among the MCE materials in the field of cryogenic magnetic refrigeration (MR). • Magnetic properties and MCE in RE 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 compounds were studied. • Large values of -ΔS M max, TEC and RCP were observed at low temperature. • Ho 2 Ni 1.5 Ga 2.5 compound is competitive for cryogenic magnetic cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a detailed investigation of the crystal structure, magnetism and magneto-caloric performances of RE Co 2 B 2 C (RE = Gd, Tb and Dy) compounds. All compounds are described with a LuNi 2 B 2 C-type crystallographic structure (I 4/ mmm space group). A second-ordered paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (PM-FM) transition is observed in RE Co 2 B 2 C compounds around their Curie temperatures (T C) of 17.2, 5.3 and 7.7 K, and induced a considerable magneto-caloric effect (MCE) for GdCo 2 B 2 C, TbCo 2 B 2 C and DyCo 2 B 2 C, respectively. The magneto-caloric performances for RE Co 2 B 2 C were characterized by the isothermal magnetic entropy (- Δ S M max) , temperature averaged entropy change (TEC) with three different temperature lifts (3, 5 and 10 K), and relative cooling power (RCP). The corresponding values of - Δ S M max , TEC (3 K) and RCP under the magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–5 T, are 10.34 J/kg-K, 10.23 J/kg-K, and 238.1 J/kg for GdCo 2 B 2 C, 18.09 J/kg-K, 17.83 J/kg-K, and 438.2 J/kg for TbCo 2 B 2 C, as well as 17.79 J/kg-K, 17.72 J/kg-K, and 480.1 J/kg for DyCo 2 B 2 C, respectively. • Magnetic properties and MCE in RE Co 2 B 2 C compounds were studied. • Large values of -ΔS M max, TEC, RC and RCP were observed at low temperature. • RE Co 2 B 2 C compounds are competitive for cryogenic magnetic cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in dysprosium zinc binary DyZn compound were studied. The compound reveals a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition together with a spin reorientation phenomenon at Curie temperatures of T C ∼135 and T SR ∼50 K, respectively. A large reversible MCE was observed in DyZn around T C . For the magnetic field change of 0–7 T, the values of maximum magnetic entropy change (–Δ S M max ), relative cooling power ( RCP ), and refrigerant capacity ( RC ) were 12.2 J/kg K, 895 J/kg, and 672 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]