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Abstract: Influence of reactant (Cr, Ti and B4C) particle size on the SHS reaction products in 30wt.% Cr–Ti–B4C system has been investigated. Particle size of Cr powder has a significant effect on the phase compositions and microstructures of SHS reaction products. The SHS reaction in Cr–Ti–B4C system with nano-size Cr goes more complete and occurs more easily than that in the system with micron-size Cr. Increase in particle size of B4C powder has a little effect on the phase compositions of SHS reaction products, which consist of TiB2, TiC and Cr phases as well as transient phase Cr5B3 and a trace of C, but results in the increase of the amount of Cr5B3. Furthermore, the average sizes of TiB2 and TiC increase from ∼0.5 and ∼1μm to ∼2 and ∼3μm, respectively, as the B4C particle size increases from ∼3.5 to 40μm. Increase in particle size of Ti powder (∼38, ∼48 and ∼74μm) has little influence on the phase compositions of the products, as well as average sizes and morphologies of TiB2 and TiC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of Cr content on the self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of Cr–Ti–C system has been investigated in this research. The thermodynamics calculation indicates that the TiC possesses higher thermodynamic stability than the Cr23C6, Cr7C3 and Cr3C2 phases, and the formation of TiC is the most exothermic. Additionally, the adiabatic combustion temperature (T ad) decreases with the increase of Cr content except for the phase transition regions. The XRD result shows that the type of products synthesized by SHS changes that a higher Cr content corresponds to higher chromium carbide. When Cr content is 10wt.%, only solid solution (Ti,Cr)Css is formed in the products. When Cr content increases to 20wt.%, besides (Ti,Cr)Css, the Cr7C3 phase is also detected. With the Cr content further increasing to 30 and 40wt.%, the products consist of (Ti,Cr)Css, Cr23C6, Cr7C3 and Cr, and therefore, much higher chromium carbide is synthesized. When Cr content reaches 50wt.%, however, the Cr7C3 disappears and the final products become (Ti,Cr)Css, Cr23C6 and Cr. Moreover, when Cr content increases from 10 to 20wt.%, the lattice parameter of (Ti,Cr)Css decreases, while it increases when the Cr content ranges from 20 to 50wt.%. Furthermore, the microstructure shows that the TiC particulate size decreases from ∼8 to ∼2μm with the increase of Cr content from 10 to 50wt.%, and the morphology shape of TiC particulate becomes more and more spherical. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of Ni content on the products of Ni–Ti–B system via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction has been investigated in this research. The results show that the products of SHS reactions consist mainly of TiB2 and Ni. Besides, the transient phases of Ni4B3, Ni3B, NiB and Ni3Ti also exist in the final products, which means the SHS reactions of Ni–Ti–B system are incomplete. The change in the content of Ni within the chosen range from 30 to 70wt.% has little effect on the phase compositions of the final products. However, the sizes of TiB2 particulates have been greatly influenced by the Ni content. The average sizes of normal TiB2 particulates are nearly the same and about 4–6μm when Ni contents are 30, 40 and 50wt.%. Furthermore, TiB2 particulates in the products of these three systems present exaggerated growth and their sizes can even reach 10–15μm. The size of TiB2 particulates decreases dramatically to 1–2μm when Ni content increases to 60wt.% while to 0.6μm or less at 70wt.% Ni. The addition of Ni facilitates to form more liquid phases that are beneficial to TiB2 formation during SHS reaction process. The formation mechanism of TiB2 in Ni–Ti–B system can be characterized by the solution, reaction and precipitation processes. This can be further substantiated by the presence of remaining liquids, the typical hexagonal-prism morphology and the growth striation on (0001) crystal face of TiB2 particulates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Mg–30B2O3 modifier with the composition of Mg and B2O3, sintered in the temperature range between 250 and 450°C, has been developed as a low-cost and effective modifier for hypereutectic Mg–Si alloys. With 0.2–1.0wt.% B (introduced in the form of Mg–30B2O3), the morphology of the primary Mg2Si transforms from coarse dendrite shape into fine polyhedral shape with the size about 10μm. The modification mechanism of B2O3 is attributed to the adsorption and poisoning manners due to the presence of B in the melts by the decomposition of B2O3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Addition of Al can lead to the invalidation of KBF4 modification on the primary Mg2Si in Mg–5Si alloys and thus promote the preferred growth of the primary Mg2Si dendrite crystal. This may be due to the decrease or exhaustion of B in the melts by the formation of AlB x . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]