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Designing high-performance electrodes and elucidating their energy storage mechanisms are crucial for supercapacitors. In this study, an in situ conversion method is firstly employed to transform CoCH (Co(CO 3) 0.5 (OH)·0.11 H 2 O) into Co-MOF-74 nanorods, which serves as a self-sacrificial template. Subsequently, the amorphous CoMoS 4 hollow tube arrays with self-assembled nanosheet surfaces are obtained through MoO 4 2- etching and S2- exchange. Benefiting from the nanosheets-coated hollow tubular structure and amorphous characteristics, CoMoS 4 exhibits a high areal capacitance of 7.01 F·cm−2 at 2 mA·cm−2 and 91.81 % retention after 5000 cycles. When further assembled into a hybrid supercapacitor, the CoMoS 4 //AC device exhibits excellent performance with the energy density of 0.684 mWh·cm−2 at 1.876 mW·cm−2 and 91.39 % retention after 10000 cycles. Furthermore, the mechanism study reveals that Mo- and S-doped amorphous CoOOH is a genuine energy storage material. This work provides valuable insights into the preparation of amorphous materials using the self-sacrificial template transformation method and the understand of their energy storage mechanisms. [Display omitted] • Amorphous CoMoS 4 hollow tube array exhibits excellent specific capacitance and cycling stability. • CoMoS 4 exhibits a high areal capacitance of 7.01 F·cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA·cm−2. • CoMoS 4 exhibits high cycling stability with 91.81 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles. • CoMoS 4 //AC device demonstrates remarkable cycling stability with capacitance retentions of 91.39 % after 10000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TC4-DT titanium alloy is commonly used in aircraft airframe structures due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. However, these parts are susceptible to fatigue failure during their service life. In this study, the damaged TC4-DT titanium alloy components were repaired using laser directed energy deposition (LDED) by depositing TC4 powders with a side repairing method, and the effects of the repair process on microstructural evolution, residual stress together with high-cycle fatigue strength were comprehensively investigated through multiscale characterization techniques. Results showed that the high-cycle fatigue strength of the repaired specimen was significantly increased by 11.9% compared with the substrate material, from 404.3 MPa to 452.6 MPa, and this was ascribed to its unique microstructural characteristics, especially the in-situ precipitation of α ' martensite resulting from the rapid cooling involved in the LDED process. Furthermore, the dense repaired microstructure, the surface residual compressive stress, and the numerous dislocations induced by phase transformation, combined with the Hall-Petch effect caused by the formation of α lath, hindered the dislocation motion and delayed the strain localization, which significantly inhibited crack initiation and greatly contributed to the fatigue performance. This work demonstrates the potential of additive manufacturing to repair alloys with superior mechanical properties for structural applications. • HCF strength of additively repaired TC4-DT notably increased by 11.9% compared to original materials. • Side repairing method using L-DED technique was proposed to enhance property and reduce costs. • Enhanced HCF strength attributed to unique microstructures, especially in-situ α' martensite precipitation. • Phase-induced dislocations and α lath Hall-Petch effects enhanced fatigue performance. • This findings show potentials of AM to repair damaged parts with superior mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can significantly improve their electrochemical performance. However, in most cases, chemical pre-treatment of MWCNTs is inevitable, which may compromise the ideal performance of the final composites. Herein, via a noncovalent functionalization method, PMo 12 @ZIF-67 was in situ grown on the surfaces of MWCNTs with the assistance of a new dispersant containing two triethylenetetramine (TETA) segments. In order to enhance the coordination of Co metal ions with the surface of MWCNTs, phenolic hydroxyl groups were incorporated into the dispersant through reaction with gallic acid (GA). After annealing, homogeneous CNT/Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 /Co composites were obtained, and they showed excellent performance on oxygen evolution reaction (OER). At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the lowest overpotential is 263 mV, of which the performance is superior to that achieved by other in situ growth methods. The uniform distribution of coordination sites and subsequent in situ growth of MOFs on MWCNTs improved the electrical conductivity of the derivatives, thereby enhanced the utilization of catalytic active sites. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing carbon-doped electrocatalytic materials, which demonstrates significant potential in various electrochemical applications. • GA-APBI directs the homogeneous in situ complexation of ZIFs with MWCNTs. • The nanocarbon and MOFs derivatives exhibited a more uniform relative distribution. • GA-APBI introduced nucleation sites on MWCNTs with uniform growth of MOFs. • The as-prepared catalyst showed favorable OER activity (η 10 = 263 mV cm−2). • The OER activity is superior to those synthesized by other conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve energy and environmental problems, the green and energy-saving photocatalytic ammonia synthesis reaction has received extensive research. The production of photocatalysts that possess high electron-hole separation rates has become an urgent problem. In this paper, we successfully synthesized Ni/Fe bimetallic co-doped nanoflower-like BiOBr materials enriched with oxygen vacancies through a simple one-step hydrothermal strategy. The effects of the introduction of transition metals Ni and Fe on the photocatalytic performance of BiOBr were examined using a variety of test methods. The findings demonstrated that Ni/Fe doping induced BiOBr lattice distortion and enhanced the internal electric field (IEF) and oxygen vacancy (OV) concentration of BiOBr. Furthermore, the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox pathway can be utilized as a photocatalytic active site to improve charge aggregation and accelerate the reaction process. The metal doping and vacancy defects assist in the adsorption and activation of nitrogen, synergistically promoting the photocatalytic performance of BiOBr. In purified water without any organic scavengers, the Ni/Fe-BiOBr exhibiting optimal nitrogen fixation efficiency generated a production of ammonia of 433.8 μmol g−1 h−1, which surpasses the unmodified BiOBr by about 5.7 times. This paper offers new perspectives into how extremely effective photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation might be developed in the future. [Display omitted] • Ni/Fe bimetallic co-doped BiOBr materials containing oxygen vacancies synthesized by one-step hydrothermal strategy. • Ni/Fe-BiOBr showed the highest nitrogen fixation efficiency with an ammonia yield of 433.8 μmol g-1 h-1. • Ni/Fe doping induced BiOBr lattice distortion and enhanced the IEF and oxygen vacancy concentration of BiOBr. • The Fe3+/Fe2+ redox pathway can be utilized as a photocatalytic active site to accelerate the reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring energy storage devices and hydrogen evolution reaction electrode materials with high efficiency electrocatalytic activity, high energy density and low cost has broad prospects, but there are still huge challenges. Compared with traditional energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) are a new type of energy storage device with broad development prospects. However, their practical application is significantly limited by the energy density of electrode materials. The practical application of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is limited by the high cost and scarcity of Pt-based precious metal catalysts. It is essential to develop materials with stable structure, low cost and abundant reserves. Here, in this paper, CoS 2 and CoSe 2 composites embedded in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (expressed as CoS 2 -CoSe 2 /CNFs) were synthesized by electrospinning combined with in-situ growth Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-67 strategy, carbonization and subsequent selenium sulfide process. When employed as the positive material in supercapacitors, a specific capacitance of 292.2 F g−1 is achieved at a current density of 1 A g−1. The specific capacitance of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) assembled with CoS 2 -CoSe 2 /CNFs-5 as positive materials remains stable with no significant change observed in specific capacitance even after undergoing 10,000 cycles. At the same time, when a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is applied in a 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte solution, an overpotential reading of 189 mV is observed. The evidence mentioned above showcases the significant capacity of this substance for application in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. • The synergy of different components regulates the electronic structure. • The as-obtained materials exhibited a good energy storage and conversion performance. • The retention of the ZIF-67 skeleton structure can increases the number of active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur batteries are regarded as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical volumetric and high weight energy density. However, there are severe problems in the application of lithium-sulfur batteries. The shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfide (LiPs) and the low conductivity of sulfur, which leads to slow redox kinetics, are hindering the more significant application of lithium-sulfur batteries. One of the viable solutions to the cathode problem of lithium-sulfur batteries is heterostructured materials. The built-in electric field provided by the heterostructure can significantly accelerate the kinetics of charge transport. In this work, we constructed a heterogeneous structure of G-VS 4 /MoS 2 composites(PVM) modified by Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) is constructed based on graphene, which consists of VS 4 nanosheets and MoS 2 nanosheets grown vertically on graphene lamellae. With weak van der Waals interactions, the one-dimensional (1D) chain-like VS 4 crystal structure enables fast charge transfer in Li-ion batteries. The two-dimensional (2D) lamellar MoS 2 crystals contain Mo-S bonds that also have adsorption effects on polysulfides. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that VS 4 and MoS 2 can increase the binding energy of the anode to the polysulfide. Therefore, the S@PVM cathode material provides a large capacity of 1061.4 mAh/g at 0.5 C and can still get to 808.3 mAh/g after 400th cycles. A capacity retention rate of 76.15% is obtained at the same time. It can also boast an initial discharge capacity of 834.8 mAh/g at 1 C. These works can provide more thoughts for developing cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries. • G-VS 4 /MoS 2 heterostructures composite was prepared by hydrothermal method modified by Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP). • The composite electrode achieves impressive initial capacity and long cycle stability at 0.5 C and 1 C. • The composite electrode can inhibit the shuttle effect effectively and achieve fast electrochemical reaction kinetics. • The composite electrode achieves long cycle stability with a high sulfur loading of 4.6 mg cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even being promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Co 3 O 4 is still hindered by poor redox and large volume change during dis-/charging. Herein, series of PW 12 @Co 3 O 4 @GO composites were successfully fabricated to address the aforementioned shortcomings by pinning monodispersed H 3 PW 12 O 40 (PW 12) on Co 3 O 4 and then coating graphene (GO). Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammograms (CV) show that PW 12 was successfully anchored to the macromolecule Co 3 O 4 by covalent Co-O-W bond, where, to improve the ion and charge transfer rate of Co 3 O 4 , the excellent ionic conductivity and multi-electron redox of PW 12 as "Li+ migration entrance" were explored for the first time, meanwhile, the capacity retention of PW 12 was greatly maintained (97.5% after 250 cycles). Moreover, GO as electronic conductor and buffer improves the overall conductivity and copes with large volume changes of Co 3 O 4 , which ensures the capacity retention rate of PW 12 @Co 3 O 4 @GO-2 of 94.9% after 250 cycles. Finally, we delved into the lithium storage process and proposed a possible lithium storage mechanism of PW 12 @Co 3 O 4 @GO-2, which provides a new insight to trigger the electrochemical activity for next-generation anode materials. [Display omitted] • The Li+ channel of Co 3 O 4 was fabricated by Co-O-W bonds from calcining PW 12 @ZIF-67. • PW 12 meliorate the Li+ conductivity of Co 3 O 4 from top. • GO meliorate the electron conductivity and volume expansion of Co 3 O 4 from bottom. • Both can achieve comprehensive optimization in the Li+ diffusion capacity, conductivity, and volume effect of Co 3 O 4 during dis-/charging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, efforts have been made to utilize the sustainable biomass resource lignin to design high-performance biomass-derived materials for electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA). In this study, a high-performance composite carbon material, ligxM/yN-Z, was successfully prepared from ogi grass lignin by a simple carbonation process. The ligxM/yN-Z has a rich non-homogeneous interfacial structure, good impedance matching properties, and a magneto-electrical synergistic system. Owing to these advantages, the lig2(FeCoNi)/5 N-850 with a minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −65.71 dB at 8.69 GHz, by adjusting the thickness of 0.50 – 4.00 mm, a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 13.80 GHz is obtained. The lig2Co/5 N-850 with a RL min value of −51.68 dB at a matching thickness of 1.50 mm, and an EAB of 5.20 GHz at an ultrathin thickness of 1.60 mm. Meanwhile, the radar cross-section (RCS) simulation shows that the lig2Co/5 N-850 sample has an RCS reduction value of up to 27.00 dBm2 at 0° incidence angle. This work provides a unique approach for preparing biomass-based EMA materials and another meaningful direction for the high-value utilization of lignin. [Display omitted] • Extraction of lignin from Ogi grass using green fermentable deep eutectic solvent. • Preparation of porous carbon materials by complexation of magnetic metal ions with Ogi grass lignin. • LigxM/yN-Z has excellent microwave absorption and radar stealth performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid noble-metal nanostructures, which integrate plasmonic characteristics and electrocatalytic performance, have garnered significant interest recently. In this study, Au@Pd nanostars were synthesized and employed as an advanced electrocatalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), which suffers from the kinetic limitations of the anodic half-reaction of direct ethanol fuel cells. Leveraging the superior surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of Au nanostars, the synthesized Au@Pd nanostars exhibited superior plasmon-enhanced EOR activity of 4191.63 A g−1 under laser illumination, noting a 9.40-fold increase compared to dark conditions (445.99 A g−1). The influences of Pd loading and laser power on EOR activity were explored. The impact of Pd loading on EOR activity demonstrates a volcano-shaped correlation, where optimal Pd coverage enhances catalysis but excessive amounts dampen SPR performance, crucial for maximizing EOR activity. Within a specified range, EOR activity linearly increases with laser power due to its influence on SPR performance. Mechanistic investigation suggests the critical roles of photothermal effect and hot carriers' separation in boosting EOR kinetics. The repeated experiments show little difference, ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of the reported activity of Au@Pd nanostars for EOR. During the long-term stability estimation, the Au@Pd nanostars display the best durability over three electrocatalysts. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of plasmon-enhanced catalysis in advancing the performance of electrocatalysts for EOR and other conventional electrocatalytic reactions. [Display omitted] • Bimetallic Au@Pd nanostars are successfully synthesized by wet chemistry method. • The plasmon-enhanced activity and stability of Au@Pd nanostars towards ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) are investigated. • The influence of Pd loading, laser power and thermal effect on EOR activity of Au@Pd nanostars are investigated. • Mechanistic investigation suggests the critical roles of photothermal effects and hot carriers' separation in boosting EOR kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) converted from single-phase white light-emitting phosphors are a popular subject in solid-state lighting. Dy3+ is one of the most widely used activator ions in single-phase white light-emitting phosphors. However, its application in solid-state lighting is limited due to the lack of a red light component. Therefore, this work synthesized single-phase white light-emitting Ca 2 GdNbO 6 : 0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ (CGNO: 0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+) phosphors with a double perovskite structure. A detailed study was conducted on the occupancy of co-doped Dy3+-Sm3+ ions in the CGNO lattice and the microstructure of the sample. Simultaneously, the luminescence performance, concentration quenching mechanism, energy transfer, and thermal stability of CGNO:0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ phosphors were discussed. The results indicate that the phosphors have stable physical and chemical properties and excellent optical properties. Under 363 nm excitation, emission peaks of both Dy3+ and Sm3+ were observed in the emission spectrum, indicating that Sm3+ compensates for the insufficient red light component in the samples. In addition, the CIE chromaticity coordinates (CIE) of the CGNO: 0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ samples and the luminescence stability in water were studied. Finally, a WLED device with a high color rendering index Ra = 85.4) and low correlated color temperature (CCT = 3135 K) was prepared by combining a 365 nm chip with the CGNO: 0.05Dy3+, 0.05Sm3+ phosphor. The research confirmed that single-phase white light-emitting CGNO: 0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ phosphors have potential application prospects in the field of WLEDs. [Display omitted] • Single-component white light-emitting Ca 2 GdNbO 6 :0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ phosphors have been synthesized. • The optimal excitation wavelength of Ca 2 GdNbO 6 :0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ phosphors matches the 365 nm LED chip. • Ca 2 GdNbO 6 :0.05Dy3+, y Sm3+ phosphors exhibit excellent thermal stability. • The prepared WLED device has a high Ra = 85.4 and a low CCT = 3135 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of B2 nanoprecipitates provides a new way to improve the mechanical properties of lightweight high entropy alloys (LHEAs) with body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure. However, the study of B2 nanoprecipitates on BCC-LHEAs is limited to quasi-static tension. In this work, TiZrNbVAl LHEAs with BCC structure was chosen as model alloys and the effect of B2 nanoprecipitates on dynamic mechanical properties of TiZrNbVAl LHEAs was studied. The results show that the introduction of B2 nanoprecipitates not only significantly improves the dynamic strength, but also increases the plasticity from 31 % to more than 46 %, with an increase of more than 48 %. Microstructure evolution proves that during the plastic deformation process, the B2 nanoprecipitates promoted a large number of "second-generation bands" of dislocation in the separation of the first-generation bands, which effectively extended the plastic deformation region to the entire sample and improved the uniform deformation ability of LHEAs. Our results provide a solution for improving the mechanical properties of LHEAs under dynamic/impact conditions. • B2 nanoprecipitates improves the dynamic yield strength of LHEAs. • B2 nanoprecipitates inhibits the deformation localization of LHEAs under dynamic loading. • B2 nanoprecipitates causes the formation of multistage slip and the activation of cross-slip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive study of ZrCr 2 Laves phases is important for both fundamental research and technological applications. The ZrCr 2 compound is a typical precipitate observed in Zr-based alloys including the newly developed Cr-coated Zr cladding known as Accident Tolerant Fuel cladding. The brittle behavior of the Laves phases and the low melting point at the interface zone between the precipitates and the Zr matrix are considered as governing the thermomechanical behaviors of these newly developed nuclear fuel claddings for normal operating conditions but more dramatically in case of Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) conditions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the various ZrCr 2 Laves polymorphs and their thermodynamic features particularly where conflicts exist in the literature. Based on diffraction experiments of annealed samples, it has been established that the transformation from the C14 high-temperature form to the C15 low-temperature form is of displacive nature without the C36 polymorph forming as an intermediate phase. The stable and metastable domains of C14 and C15 and their thermodynamic properties have been determined. The specific heat of both C14 and C15 types was measured over a wide range of temperatures from 2 to 1063 K by coupling relaxation calorimetry and DSC. The experimental data were fitted using a modified Einstein model. The room temperature entropies of the C14 and C15 phases were evaluated. The enthalpy of formation was measured for the first time using drop solution calorimetry in liquid Al at 1173 K in a Tian–Calvet calorimeter. The experimental value is in good agreement with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, all these new results are discussed regarding the abundant literature on the ZrCr 2 Laves phases. • The stability of the ZrCr 2 Laves phase polymorphs is studied using various experimental techniques and DFT calculations. • The study does not confirm that the C36 polymorph is a stable intermediate phase in the system. • The thermodynamic properties of C14 and C15 polymorphs are measured using complementary calorimetric techniques. • The enthalpies of formation calculated by DFT agree well with the measured values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximization the synergistic effect of each component in transition metal-carbon complexes is expected to improve the bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn-air batteries but is still challenging. Herein, nucleobase guanine is employed as a supramolecular precursor to generate the core (FeCo alloy)-shell (carbon) structure embedded in ultrathin graphene-like nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (FeCo@NCNSs) via a confinement pyrolysis strategy. Thanks to the generated core-shell structure and bimetallic synergistic effect, the as-prepared FeCo@NCNSs exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. As a result, when served as the bifunctional air electrode for a practical Zn-air battery, FeCo@NCNSs exhibits a higher open-circuit voltage (1.553 V) and peak power density (197.30 mW cm−2), as well as the greatly improved long-term cyclic stability compared to the noble metal benchmarks. This work provides a promising approach to integrate various active sites for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis and inspires the exploration of simple but efficient electrocatalysts for energy storage and conversion. • Guanine-derived core-shell FeCo@NCNSs were successfully synthesized via a confinement pyrolysis strategy. • Mutual synergistic effects of transition metal-carbon composites enhance reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. • The efficient noble-metal-free electrocatalyst exhibits promising performance for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanosized pores were introduced into GaN epitaxial films via electrochemical (EC) etching in strong electrolytes including NaOH, HNO 3 , NaNO 3 , and NaCl. The growth behaviors of GaN nanopores show a strong correlation with the electrolyte types under the same applied bias and electrolyte concentration. Specifically, the resulting morphologies (e.g. pore growth direction and pore size) were mainly pertinent to the anions instead of cations. Pore sizes as small as a few nanometers and pore directions between the horizontal and vertical directions can be adjusted by selecting the electrolytes and etching voltages. The depletion model was employed to interpret the carrier flow pathways, and the pore propagation direction can be regarded as the sum of etch rate vectors of intended etching direction and preferential oxidation direction. Finally, the near-infrared nanoporous (NP) GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were manufactured by the EC etching in different electrolytes. Our study points out that the type of anions in electrolyte greatly impacts pore morphologies of EC etched GaN:Si, thereby affecting the future applications. • For porous GaN prepared by electrochemical etching, there is a strong correlation between pore growth directions and electrolyte types. • The carrier flow pathways and the pore morphologies was interpreted by the depletion model and etch rate vector superposition. • The mechanism and kinetics of electrode reaction in different electrolytes were studied by electrochemical impedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel lightweight AlCrTiNbMo refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) coating has been developed to overcome the surface damage defects in Ti-6Al-4V alloys under wear and erosion conditions. A crack-free in-situ nitride (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating were successfully prepared by the gas assisted laser nitriding. According to XRD, SEM and TEM analysis, AlCrTiNbMo coating was composed of single BCC phase, while (AlCrTiNbMo)N x coating was constituted by BCC and TiN phases. The average microhardness of AlCrTiNbMo and (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coatings were 591.2 HV 0.3 and 1070.1 HV 0.3 respectively. (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating has lower friction coefficient and wear rate than AlCrTiNbMo RHEA coating and the substrate from room temperature to 600 °C. At 600 °C, (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating showed a rare self-lubricating behavior, the friction coefficient decreased to 0.275 (61.9 % of the substrate), and the wear rate was 0.06 mm3/N m× 10−4 (1.24 % of the substrate). The erosion rates of (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating at erosion angle of 30°, 60° and 90° were 11.0 %, 22.3 %, and 36.8 % of those of the substrate, respectively. The homogeneous and hard TiN array-BCC structure generated by in-situ self-reaction was the main factor for the excellent wear and erosion resistance of (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating. Thus, (AlCrTiNbMo)N x RHEA coating and corresponding laser nitride technique were expected to be applied in the severe working environment of high temperature, wear, and erosion. • In-situ nitride (AlCrTiNbMo)N x refractory high-entropy alloy coating by gas assisted laser nitriding was first proposed. • The wear and erosion performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was improved significantly and the effect mechanism was investigated. • The homogeneous and hard TiN array-BCC structure generated was the main factor for the excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth-based layered ferroelectrics are believed to be promising photocatalysts, but the limited visible-light harvesting and severe charge carrier recombination are still restricting the overall photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a novel 2D/2D Z-scheme Bi 3 TiNbO 9 /BiOBr heterojunction was constructed combining molten salt and hydrothermal synthesis methods. An intimate conjunction between Bi 3 TiNbO 9 and BiOBr nanosheets was confirmed which inhibited charge carrier recombination and promoted carrier mobility in the nanocomposites. Benefiting from the optimized charge carrier kinetics and the broadened spectral response range compared to Bi 3 TiNbO 9 , the photodegradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride by Bi 3 TiNbO 9 /3BiOBr reached 0.0228 min−1, which was 6.5 and 1.5 times that of Bi 3 TiNbO 9 and BiOBr, respectively. Furthermore, the heterojunction has also shown satisfactory recycling stability and degradation universality for common organic pollutions including dyes and antibiotics. According to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental analysis of active species, a 2D/2D Z-scheme Bi 3 TiNbO 9 /BiOBr heterostructure was demonstrated and the possible working mechanisms were discussed. This work is hoped to add another layer of understanding depth to the design and fabrication of 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunctions of bismuth-based layered ferroelectric photocatalysts. [Display omitted] • Tightly bonded 2D/2D Bi 3 TiNbO 9 /BiOBr heterojunction was fabricated. • BTNO/BiOBr nanocomposites showed photodegradation superiority over single components. • Optimized carrier dynamics and broadened spectral response range account for the improved performance. • Combing work function and active species analysis, Z-scheme working mechanism was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational design and fabrication of high-efficiency electrocatalysts is essential for improving the kinetics of both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), so as to constructing high-performance rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Among the promising candidates, transition metal-based (oxy)hydroxides have attracted extensive attention for their considerable catalytic potential on oxygen-involved reaction, while unsatisfactory intermediate adsorption/desorption strength and low conductivity limit their practical feasibility. In this work, interface engineering modification strategy is proposed, and a metal–organic framework derived heterostructure catalyst of CoFeO x H y -CoP@CC is fabricated. Comprehensively analyses demonstrate that the interaction between phosphide-(oxy)hydroxide induces the interfacial electronic redistribution, while the formed Schottky heterostructure facilitates rapid electron transfer. All these kinetically favorable for both OER and ORR, and leads to remarkable bifunctional performance on CoFeO x H y -CoP@CC, with the OER overpotential of 240 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA·cm−2, which is better than CoP@CC, CC and RuO 2. In practical applications, liquid zinc-air cells assembled by CoFeO x H y -CoP@CC deliver the peak power density up to 117.55 mW cm−2, which is close to that of 20% Pt/C catalyst (108.48 mW cm−2), and considerable operational performance has also been achieved in all solid-state flexible ZABs. • A metal–organic framework derived phosphide-hydroxide heterostructure of CoFeO x H y -CoP@CC was fabricated. • Heterogenous interaction tunes the electronic configuration and facilitates rapid electron transfer, so that enhances electrocatalytic OER and ORR performance. • CoFeO x H y -CoP@CC employed as cathode in both liquid and solid zinc-air cells show considerable operational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to produce valuable chemicals, such as carbon monoxide (CO), is of significant importance. The bottleneck in developing advanced catalysts lies in the rational design of catalytic centers with efficient CO 2 activation and hydrogen proton production. In this work, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were successfully modified on UiO-66-NH 2 -Zn SAs (UN-Zn SAs) by a photo-deposition method. The optimized photocatalyst, 4 Pd NPs-UN-0.7Zn SAs, demonstrated exceptional performance in converting CO 2 to CO, exhibiting approximately 1.4-fold and 7.8-fold enhancements compared to UN-0.7Zn SAs and UN, respectively. A combination of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance results unveiled that the introduction of Pd NPs effectively promoted the photogenerated charge separation and facilitated water activation to produce more hydrogen protons. The generated hydrogen protons were subsequently coupled with nearby CO 2 that was activated by Zn SAs, thus achieving the facile water-activation-induced CO 2 reduction process. Theoretical calculations further confirmed that the heterogeneous synergistic effects between Zn SAs and Pd NPs lowered the energy barrier for the rate-limiting step of CO 2 conversion to COOH* , thereby achieving efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction reactions. This work provides a new perspective on the development of efficient catalysts for the effective conversion of CO 2. • Pd NPs-UiO-66-NH2-Zn SAs were prepared via the photo-deposition method. • 4Pd NPs-UiO-66-NH2-0.7Zn SAs had excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. • The introduced Pd NPs further facilitated the photogenerated charge separation and water activation of the samples. • DFT calculations further showed that Pd NPs-UiO-66-NH2-Zn SAs lowered the energy barrier for COOH* formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic nanoparticles reinforced aluminum matrix composite is a kind of promising materials in industrial production. However, its preparation is difficult due to the poor wettability between Al melt and ceramic particles and severe particle aggregation tendency. In this paper, the in-situ NdB 6 /Al–5Cu-0.3Mn nanocomposites were successfully prepared with the aid of melt spinning technology and ultrasonic vibration. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the microstructures of nano-NdB 6 /Al ribbons and NdB 6 /Al–5Cu-0.3Mn nanocomposites. The observation results were as follows: (1) more than 80% of the prepared NdB 6 particles were nanoscale; (2) the NdB 6 particles could be uniformly distributed in the Al–5Cu-0.3Mn alloy; (3) the NdB 6 particles had the effects of grain refinement and dispersion strengthening on the Al–5Cu-0.3Mn alloy; (4) the NdB 6 particles had a certain orientation relationships with α-Al. The tensile strength of Al–5Cu-0.3Mn alloy strengthened by the NdB 6 particles was improved significantly. The strengthening mechanisms were investigated in detail. • The in situ NdB 6 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by melt spinning technology. • The nano-NdB 6 particles could be uniformly distributed in the Al–5Cu-0.3Mn matrix. • NdB 6 particles could form perfect coherent interfaces with α-Al. • The strength of Al–5Cu-0.3Mn alloy strengthened by NdB 6 was improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of an aging 6061 Al alloy subjected to laser shock processing treatment (post-aging LSP treatment) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mechanical tests. Results showed that the precipitates formed during aging treatment still remained, and the grain was refined by the ultra-high plastic strain plastic deformation during subsequent LSP treatment. Moreover, the precipitates effectively interacted with the dislocations induced by LSP. These typical microstructures contributed to the improvement in mechanical properties of the Al alloy. Relatively higher microhardness and strength were observed for the post-aging LSP Al sample. Furthermore, the synergistic strengthening mechanism involving the interaction of precipitate with dislocation, dislocations, and refined grains were clearly revealed. • The Research Highlights in this paper are as follows: • Novel process combining aging and LSP, i.e., post-aging LSP treatment, is reported. • Grain refinement, interaction between dislocation and precipitate, are discussed. • Synergistic strengthening mechanisms during post-aging LSP treatment are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires are designed and grown on cobalt foams via hydrothermal and electrodeposition method. Structural characterizations indicate the tightly coating of NixSy nanosheets around CoTe nanowires forms the novel core-shell nanowires. Benefiting from this structural engineering design, CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires supported by cobalt foams deliver the high areal specific capacitance of 7.56 F cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2 and retention rate of 81.3% after experiencing 5000 cycles. It needs to be specially mentioned that CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires were functionally applied in aqueous/flexible hybrid supercapacitors with activated carbon as the negative materials. The aqueous hybrid devices exhibit a maximum areal energy density of 0.77 mWh cm−2 at 2.52 mW cm−2 and retention rate of 81.9% after 5000 cycles. Meanwhile, the flexible hybrid devices show superior energy-storage performance, such as high volume energy density of 3.95 mWh cm−3 at 22.64 mW cm−3, improved cycle stability (82.1% after experiencing5000 cycles), and remarkable flexibility. This work not only demonstrates CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires as the promising candidate of energy-storage device; but also provides a novel strategy for high-performance electroactive materials. [Display omitted] • CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires are constructed on foamed cobalt by the low-cost method. • CoTe@NixSy core-shell nanowires has the double synergies, fast carrier transport efficiency, etc. • Aqueous/flexible hybrid supercapacitors are built up based on core-shell CoTe@NixSy and active carbon. • Aqueous/flexible hybrid devices are promising for electric vehicles, and wearable electronics, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight high-entropy alloys (LHEAs) with body-centered-cubic (BCC) structure have attracted wide attention due to their considerable strength-ductility synergy. However, the lack of work hardening ability is a key weakness, limiting the engineering application. In this study, appropriate contents of rare-earth element yttrium (Y) were added to the as-cast Ti-Zr-V-Nb-Al LHEAs with single BCC structure, and the microstructure and work hardening behavior of these LHEAs were investigated. Benefiting from the addition of Y, these LHEAs generated slight of Y-rich and Y-O-rich phases both in the grains and on the grain boundaries. During plastic deformation, these precipitates can effectively prevent dislocation slip and promote the dislocation intersections and reactions, which can improve the work-hardening ability. Moreover, adding Y can promote the large constitutional supercooling of the LHEAs and refine the grain size of the LHEAs, which also improve the work-hardening ability. Finally, the work hardening of as-cast Ti-Zr-V-Nb-Al LHEAs were successfully turned from negative to positive with 0.2 at% Y addition, with only few ductility loss. Our work provides an effective means of optimizing the mechanical properties, especially the work hardening ability, of as-cast BCC LHEAs. • Adding Y in LHEAs can refine the grain size and generate precipitated phase. • The work hardening rate were turned around from negative to positive after adding Y. • The appropriate amount of Y can well keep the considerable strength and ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) plays a crucial role in tumor photothermal therapy (PTT). In this work, we developed a MoS 2 -based antitumor agent with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency by size/morphology tailoring and IR820 loading for combinational photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) of breast cancer. Among three MoS 2 -based nanomaterials, namely MoS 2 nanospheres (NSs), MoS 2 nanoflowers (NFs) and MoS 2 quantum dots (QDs), MoS 2 NSs possessed the highest PCE at 37.48%. In order to further improve the PCE, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted photosensitizer IR820 decoration was carried out to prepare the MoS 2 @PEI@IR820 (MPI) nanocomposite. The introduced IR820 not only improves PCE of the MoS 2 nanomaterials to 47.08% by increasing the light absorption for enhancing PTT, but produces cytotoxic ROS for PDT, resulting in a combinational PTT/PDT with the multifunctional MPI. In addition, in vivo fluorescence (FL) bioimaging and infrared thermographic imaging have been achieved by the designed MPI nanoplatform, which has proven to be good biocompatibility, low toxicity and high PCE. This study provides a novel way for the design and construction of prominent theragnostic nanoagents for combinational PTT/PDT. • The size- and morphology-related photothermal conversion efficiency of MoS 2 has been investigated. • MoS 2 NSs have the highest PCE among three MoS 2 -based nanomaterials thanks to their special stereotype architecture. • The introduced IR820 further improves the PCE of MoS 2 NSs and generates cytotoxic ROS simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sluggish diffusion effect of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) affords them considerable application potential in the field of high temperatures. In this study, the role of refractory elements in the high temperature oxidation process of denary complex concentrated alloy coatings (CCACs, namely NiCoCrFeAl 0.8 Si 0.1 (MoNbTaW) x , where x is 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) prepared via laser cladding was investigated. Four groups of the CCACs with different refractory contents were subjected to 100 h of high-temperature oxidation experiments, and the oxidation products and microscopic characteristics of the samples were observed via XRD and SEM, respectively. Atomic-scale characterisation and analysis of the oxidised samples were performed using TEM and XPS technology to explore the diffusion behaviour of elements in the high-temperature process. Results indicate that the solid solution limit of the CCACs is obtained by regulating the topological instability of the lattice matrix via the addition of refractory elements. Consequently, when 0.1 > x > 0.025, the coating is a body-centred cubic (BCC) + face-centred cubic (FCC); when x = 0.1, the coating maintains a single-phase FCC structure; and when x > 0.1, the coating changes to an FCC + BCC duplex structure. The x 0.1 group exhibits the smallest relative strain among all coatings, which is conducive to maintaining the structural stability of the face-centred cubic at high temperatures and delaying atomic migration within the lattice. Furthermore, the oxidation kinetics curve of the CCACs with a single- phase FCC exhibits low K p values. In a single- FCC lattice, the atom diffusion rate through volume slows down and grain boundary diffusion decreases. Considering the Weibull modulus for the hardness statistical value after coating oxidation, the modulus of single-FCC phase CCACs is also higher than others. This study has the potential to contribute to the application of high-temperature thermal protection for CCACs. • The denary complex concentrated alloy coatings (CCACs) were prepared by laser cladding. • The solid solutioning limit of the CCACs can be adjusted by the topological instability of the lattice. • The diffusion rate of atoms in matrix is the combined action of the volume and the boundary diffusion. • The single-FCC CCACs with higher solid solubility have better oxidation resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the sensitivity of MoO 3 sensors for hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), two-dimensional MoO 3 nanoflakes with enriched oxygen vacancies were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The relationship between the oxygen vacancies concentration, the hydrothermal method temperature, and the solution concentration (ethanol) was studied. The morphology, structure, and gas-sensing performance of MoO 3 were measured and compared. Through qualitative analysis of lattice movement characterized by XRD, as well as the Mo5+ and adsorbed oxygen content determined by XPS, it was found that the synthesized material MoO 3−x -13021 had the highest concentration of oxygen vacancies. The synthesized material coded as MoO 3−x -13021 with the highest oxygen vacancy concentration showed enhanced H 2 S-sensing properties compared to defect-free MoO 3 sensors. The response value reached 282.6 at 15 ppm. The optimum operating temperature was 140 ℃. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to establish the H 2 S sensitization mechanism model. Adsorption energies, bond lengths, charge transfer, and density of states (DOS) of H 2 S adsorbed on stoichiometric and reduced MoO 3 (010) surfaces were calculated and compared. The increase of oxygen vacancies on reduced MoO 3 leads to the movement of the conduction band, which reduces the band gap of MoO 3. This promotes the charge transfer between the gas molecules and MoO 3 , enhancing the response. [Display omitted] • 2D MoO 3 with enriched oxygen vacancies were synthesized. • The content of oxygen vacancies in MoO 3 was controlled by adjustment of experimental conditions. • The oxygen vacancies reduced the band gap of MoO 3 which was found by DFT calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobate pentoxides have been considered as promising anode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) on account of their intrinsic large capacities, high cycling stability and enhanced safety. However, their practical usages are limited by poor rate capabilities due to the low electrical and lithium-ion diffusion rate. In this work, W6+-doped Nb 2 O 5 nano material with enhanced rate capacity was synthesized. W6+ doping can expand crystal lattices in the Nb 2 O 5 , improving Li+ diffusion coefficients. The production of Nb4+ due to W6+ doping results to enhance electrical conductivity. The H 0.05 material (W 0.05 -Nb 2 O 5) exhibits delightful rate capacity (167.1 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and prominent cyclic stability resulting from their structure stability (124.3 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 600 cycles). This novel anode material provides great promise for the construction of high-performance LIBs. • W6+-doped Nb 2 O 5 nano material with enhanced rate capacity was synthesized. • W6+ doping can expand crystal lattices in the Nb 2 O 5 , improving Li+ diffusion coefficients. • Electrical conductivity is enhanced due to the production of Nb4+. • W 0.05 -Nb 2 O 5 exhibits delightful rate capacity (167.1 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and prominent cyclic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, the nano-ZrO 2 particles reinforced molybdenum alloy with excellent mechanical properties were prepared through liquid-liquid doping process, and the comparison with TZM alloy prepared by solid-solid doping process was conducted. During the liquid-liquid doping process, the ZrO 2 particles ensured the dispersion of the second phase in alloy because they reached molecular-level uniformity, and the hydrothermal synthesis preparation process enabled the ZrO 2 particles in alloy to reach nanometer size level. In Mo-ZrO 2 alloy, the small and dispersed ZrO 2 can effectively block dislocation and passivation cracks; both the room temperature and high temperature performance of Mo-1.5 %ZrO 2 alloy was better than that of TZM alloy. Based on the hindered recrystallization process, improved recrystallization temperature, as well as enhanced recrystallization strength thanks to the alloy pinning effect of ZrO 2 , the maximum tensile stress of Mo-1.5 %ZrO 2 alloy at 1000 ℃ was about 14 % higher than pure molybdenum, and the maximum tensile stress of Mo-1.5 %ZrO 2 alloy at 1400 ℃ was at least 45 % higher than pure molybdenum. Quantitative analysis shows that the strengthening effect of the second phase was the best during the recrystallization process. [Display omitted] • In the experiment, the liquid-liquid doping process is applied to prepare nano-ZrO 2 particle-reinforced molybdenum alloy with excellent mechanical properties. • By means of liquid-liquid doped ZrO 2 particles, the molecular-level uniformity is realized, and the dispersion of the second phase in alloy is ensured. • The pinning effect of refined and dispersed ZrO 2 can effectively hinder the recrystallization process and improve the alloy recrystallization temperature as well as strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spherical-like Li[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 (LiNCM622) cathode material is successfully prepared with the precursor of Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 (NCM622OH) synthesized via an improved continuous hydroxide co-precipitation method (CHCP). The morphology, particle size distribution and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared cathode materials could not change over time. The CHCP system designed in this work could extremely improve the production efficiency of the LiNCM622 cathode material. The as-prepared LiNCM622 powder presents a type of spherical structure composed of secondary particles with a typical α-NaFeO 2 lamellar structure. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 208.5 mAh/g at 0.1C (18 mA/g) with a capacity retention of 92.9% after 214 cycles in the voltage window of 2.8–4.3 V. Most impressively, the specific capacity could also maintain 101.1 mAh/g even at 10 C, with a capacity loss of only 10.5% after 1200 cycles. • Spherical Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn(OH) 2 prepared by continuous hydroxide co-precipitation method. • Electrochemical performance of obtained cathode materials could not change over time. • This CHCP system can enhance the production efficiency of Li[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2. • Even after 1200 cycles at 10C, the discharge capacity can still retain 101.1 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys are one of common material for overhead transmission lines. However, electrical conductivity and mechanical property are hard to be improved simultaneously, which limits its application. Boron treatment and Sr modification can improve electrical conductivity and mechanical property by purify Al matrix and modify eutectic Si. According to our study, Ti assistant boron treatment (TBT) or Sr modification separately is good to improve electrical conductivity, but TBT with Sr modification at the same time is not effective to improve electrical conductivity. Thus Al-3B-5Sr was proposed to modify the microstructure of hypoeutectic Al-Si, improving the electrical conductivity and mechanical property at the same time. Based on this, a new composite melt treatment was proposed and high electrical conductivity with good mechanical property can be achieved simultaneously. Highlights • Ti assistant boron treatment (TBT) was effective to improve the electrical conductivity by purify Al matrix. • The effect of Sr morphology evolution on electrical conductivity was studied in detail. • A new composite melt treatment was proposed to achieve the improvement of electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The microstructural evolution of Fe-6.5 wt.% Si alloy during rapid solidification was studied over a quenching rate of 4 × 104 K/s to 8 × 105 K/s. The solidification and solid-state diffusional transformation processes during rapid cooling were analyzed via thermodynamic and kinetic calculations. The Allen-Cahn theory was adapted to model the experimentally measured bcc_B2 antiphase domain sizes under different cooling rates. The model was calibrated based on the experimentally determined bcc_B2 antiphase domain sizes for different wheel speeds and the resulting cooling rates. Good correspondence of the theoretical and experimental data was obtained over the entire experimental range of cooling rates. Along with the asymptotic domain size value at the infinite cooling rates, the developed model represents a reliable extrapolation for the cooling rate > 106 K/s and allows one to optimize the quenching process. Highlights • New Fe-6.5 wt.% Si melt spinning experiments and cooling rate measurements. • The melt spun ribbons were characterized using TEM analysis. • Solidification and solid-state transformation during rapid quenching were analyzed. • The bcc_B2 domain growth was modeled using the Allen-Cahn theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanocomposite was prepared via a hydrothermal method following by annealing treatment at 700 °C for 6 h. In this method, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was applied as structure directing agent to synthesize Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and as a carbon source to enhance the electronic conductivity of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanoparticles. The resulting Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanocomposite exhibits a core-shell structure and is consisted of irregular aggregated nanoparticles with a size of approximately 90 nm. When used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the obtained Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanocomposites display an excellent discharge capacity of 160.6 mAh/g at 0.5 C after 100 cycles. And even after 1000 cycles at 20 C, the discharge capacity could still maintain 106.8 mAh/g with a capacity loss of only 0.004% per cycle. Highlights • Core-shell structure Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C nanocomposite is prepared by hydrothermal method. • The CTAB plays an important role in determining the morphology of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C. • Compared to bare Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , core-shell Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C has superior cycle stability. • Even after 1000 cycles at 20 C, the discharge capacity can still retain 106.5 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-composition LiSrPO 4 :Eu 2+ ,Y 3+ phosphor was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. LiSrPO 4 :Eu 2+ without Y 3+ show a narrow emission band with a full-width half maximum of about 50 nm. When Y 3+ substitutes for Sr 2+ partly, emission spectra have been broadened and red-shifted obviously. Through studying their excitation spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra and fluorescent lifetimes, multiple Eu 2+ luminescent centers are confirmed to be reason for the changes. Besides, energy transfers from high-energy centers to low-energy centers in multiple luminescence centers systems are demonstrated, which also can trigger the red shifts of emission spectra in some scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reveals the grain refinement process of low-stacking fault energy Cu-4wt.%Ti alloy during surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Without phase transformations, the grain refinement process in Cu-4wt.%Ti alloy with a low stacking fault energy involves formation of planar dislocation arrays and twins in the small strain and low strain rate deformed region adjacent to the coarse grain matrix, twin-twin intersections leading to grain subdivision. The formation of lamellae, polygonal grains, and rotation recrystallization were induced by the large strain and high strain rate deformation near the treated surface. We also observed one distinct layer at the treated surface with the thickness about 15 μm, which is filled with equiaxed nanograins. The hardness of the treated surface was increased by 40% and attributed to the grain refinement according to the grain boundary strengthening mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO multipod nanostructures are widely used for their unique structures. However, the large-scale synthesis of these materials is a challenge for the practical applications. In this paper, we used a hetero-seed mediated hydrothermal method to synthesize ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanostructures with ultra-high yield. The TiO 2 nanoparticles were used as the seeds and nucleated centers for the following ZnO nanorods growth, in which these ZnO nanorods scattered from the TiO 2 nanoparticles to form ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanostructures. The diameter and length of these ZnO nanorod branches were controlled by the amount of TiO 2 nanoparticles. The yield of pure ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanostructures can reach 20.0 g/L within 20 min heating time. When used as the anodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.1% has been achieved when using these ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanostructures as the anodes of DSSC. This is due to the one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are promising by fastening electron transport to reduce the charge recombination. As a result, this provides a simple method to synthesize ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanocomposites with high yield and low cost, which can be used as the photoanodes for high efficient DSSCs and photocatalysts. •ZnO/TiO 2 multipod nanostructures synthesized by a hydrothermal method. •TiO 2 nanoparticles are acted as the nucleated centers for these ZnO nanorods. •The photoanodes based on ZnO/TiO 2 multipods have high performance in DSSC. •This is a simple, low cost and high yield method to obtain ZnO/TiO 2 multipods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose-derived porous activated carbon materials (AGC-600-4 and AGC-180- x) are prepared using ZnCl 2 as the etching agent via impregnation treatment and hydrothermal method followed by the calcination process. The analytic results indicate that the obtained materials exhibit higher specific surface area and superior double-layer capacitive behavior than the corresponding pristine carbon (GC-600 and GC-180) when used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Moreover, compared with the AGC-600-4 nanosheets, the optimal AGC-180-4 microspheres have a high specific surface area of 1713 m2 g−1 and a maximum specific capacitance of 235.9 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 in the three-electrode system. Meanwhile, AGC-180-4 also exhibits better capacitive properties than AGC-600-4 in the two-electrode system, showing an excellent cyclic stability with a high energy density of 24.63 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 949.5 W kg−1. It is thus demonstrated that AGC-180-4 could be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitor due to its unique etched spherical structure and excellent electrochemical properties. Image 1 • Glucose-derived porous activated carbon materials are facilely prepared. • Different preparation methods lead to different morphology and porous structure. • They display excellent capacitive behavior in the two- and three-electrode systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aluminum-yttrium (Al–Y) layer was deposited on porous thermal barrier coatings using a magnetron sputtering technique. The excellent mechanical properties of the resulting composite coating can be attributed to the dense Al–Y layer, which completely sealed the surface of a ZrO 2 -8%Y 2 O 3 (YSZ) coating on NiCoCrAlY while providing a relatively smooth surface and good adhesion. This double-layer design ensured that the as-sprayed YSZ coating's porous interior texture retained a low level of thermal conductivity. In addition, the oxidation penetration channels caused by open voids in the YSZ coating were effectively eliminated. According to the X-ray powder diffraction pattern, the added Y element from the Al–Y layer compensated for the loss of yttrium oxide in the YSZ coating thus constantly stabilizing the cubic ZrO 2 phase. As a result, thermal oxide growth at the YSZ and MCrAlY interface was prevented by the protective layer of Al–Y and associated oxides. • An Al–Y layer sealed the porous YSZ using a magnetron sputtering technique. • The homogeneous Al–Y layer exhibited excellent mechanical properties. • The additional element Y in the Al–Y layer supplemented Y loss in the YSZ coating. • The Al–Y/YSZ layered design decreased the stress concentration and crack growth. • An Al-rich oxide layer prevented the formation of TGO via oxygen penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, Ti in solution damages the electrical conductivity of aluminum, so the less the better. However, during boron treatment process trace Ti can promote the precipitation of transition metal elements in forms of doped borides, thus improving the electrical conductivity of aluminum. With conventional boron treatment, the efficiency is 77.7% and electrical conductivity of AA1070Al is 64.6%IACS. However, with Ti assistant, owing to the compositional evolution of borides, the efficiency can reach 93.3% and electrical conductivity of AA1070Al is increased to 65.3%IACS, which is much higher than that with conventional boron treatment. Based on this, a novel composite boron treatment technology is proposed and a schematic diagram is built to analyze the complex reaction mechanism of boron treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to improve the magnetic properties of sintered Nd Fe B magnet. Ni powders were added to the Nd Fe B magnet through intergranular addition, and their effects on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the magnet were investigated. By adding a proper amount of Ni (0.3 wt%), the intrinsic coercivity H cj of Nd Fe B magnet is significantly improved with only a slight decrease in the remanence B r and the maximum energy product ( BH ) max . The microstructural and compositional analyses reveal that Ni atoms not only enter the matrix phase but also concentrate in the intergranular regions either as Ni-containing Nd-rich phase or as Ni particles. This is consistent with the thermodynamic calculation results. Furthermore, a sintering mechanism of magnet with intergranular addition of Ni powders is tentatively proposed. These results may provide a reference for improving the magnetic properties of sintered Nd Fe B magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the oxygen content on the surface of alumina dispersion-strengthened copper alloy powders, and improve properties of the deposits prepared by cold spray additive manufacturing, these powders were pretreated with hydrogen reduction treatment at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties of the deposits before and after powder heat treatment were systematically researched. The results show that hydrogen reduction treatment can effectively reduce the oxide film on the surface of the alumina-dispersion-strengthened copper powder without changing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the powder. The alumina-dispersion-strengthened copper alloy deposit prepared from the as-received powder has obvious pores, and the tensile strength and electrical conductivity are 75 MPa and 38% IACS, while these deposits prepared from the powder treated at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ present a dense microstructure. The tensile strengths and electrical conductivity are 202 MPa under 45% IACS and 245 MPa under 48% IACS, respectively. At the same time, the nano-Al 2 O 3 particles are very stable under the heating and deformation conditions of adiabatic shearing by cold spraying, and the Al 2 O 3 particles are not significantly broken during the severe plastic deformation caused by the high-speed impact of cold spraying, which enables the deposits to directly inherit the nano-dispersion strengthening structure of the powder. Therefore, it is effective to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of alumina dispersion-strengthened copper deposits by using hydrogen reduction pre-treatment to reduce the oxide film on the surfaces of the particles. • Powder oxygen content can be reduced through hydrogen reduction treatment. • Highly dense ADS copper deposits were prepared by cold spray additive manufacturing. • Properties of deposits were improved as powder went through hydrogen reduction treatment. • Powder oxygen content changes the fracture mode of ADS copper deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are promising anode materials with excellent theoretical capacity and controllable synthesis approaches for Sodium ion batteries. However, the obvious volume effects and sluggish kinetics in the long-term sodiation/desodiation reaction limit the stability and high-capacity. Herein, the CoTe 2 @carbon nanocomposite electrodes (CoTe 2 @CNTs) are designed by ZIF-67 derived to conquer the volume expansion, synchronously, and CNTs anchored strategy are adopted to promote Na+ diffusion dynamics, and ensure cyclic stability and long cycle life of anode materials. Specifically, the as prepared nanocomposite constructed by CoTe 2 and CNT has displayed efficient Na+ storage mechanism by providing multiple adsorption sites, interconnected conductive network and abundant ions transport pathways, which are revealed by the density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the in-situ CNTs anchored of CoTe 2 polyhedron have significantly enhanced the charge transfer capacity for Na+/electron and metallic properties of CoTe 2 @CNT composites, which exhibit outstanding electrochemical capacities (112.7 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles) and pseudocapacitive-dominated behaviors when used as anodes. This work is expected to provide a legitimate and convenient approach with the controllable preparation of nanocomposite in energy storge devices. [Display omitted] • The synergy of MOF-derived and CNTs anchor retain a stable structure after high temperature tellurization. • The CNTs are anchored on CoTe 2 nanoparticles to generate conductive network and abundant active sites for transfer of Na+. • The modified materials exhibit extremely high pseudo-capacitance contribution and outstanding long life cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating morphology and composition of catalysts is of grand importance to enhance their electrocatalytic activity in energy-related fields. Herein, an electrocatalyst of ruthenium-cobalt oxide (Ru-CoO) heterojunctions decorated with atomically dispersed Ru atoms is constructed with a simple and effective salt fractionation approach. The morphology and structure of the resulting Ru-CoO were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, N 2 sorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Owing to the synergistic contributions of heterostructured Ru-CoO with abundant interfaces and single atomic Ru at doping level, the resulted Ru-CoO exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances along with long-term durability under alkaline electrolytes. To attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the hybrid needs overpotentials of 340 and 359 mV for the OER and HER, respectively, excelling many reported catalysts to date. Importantly, this work paves a new route toward the development of efficient catalysts for the future of hydrogen economy. [Display omitted] • The Ru-particles-incorporated cobalt oxide (Ru-CoO) hybrid decorated with well-dispersed Ru atoms is synthesized. • The 3D nanosheet structure can offer rich pores, numerous accessible catalytic sites, and high conductivity. • The nanocomposite shows efficient catalytic performance with long-term stability for the OER and HER under alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charge transport layer is a critical functional component in perovskite light emitting-didoes (PeLEDs). Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are attractive charge transport materials owing to their advantages of robust stability, high carrier mobility, high transparency, as well as low cost. However, because of the complex mutual chemistry disturbance between the metal oxide and luminescent halide perovskites, there are severe charge quenching and even decomposition of the perovskite layers. Therefore, the advance of MOSs as charge transport layers in PeLEDs is still confined within selective cases. It is a prerequisite to gain depth insight into the interfacial contact between perovskites and MOSs from surface chemistry reactions and charge quenching before the realization of MOSs charge transport layers for constructing efficient and stable PeLEDs. In this review, we started with a brief introduction to perovskite materials and the development of PeLEDs. Then, we highlighted the importance of the interfacial contacts between perovskite and charge transport layers, followed by summarizing the progress of PeLEDs using MOSs as charge transport layers from the aspects of surface reaction, crystallization, quenching mechanism, charge injection, and operational stability. We also proposed possible research directions on engineering MOSs charge transport layers that would further improve the performance of PeLEDs. [Display omitted] • Metal oxide materials as charge transport layers in perovskite light emitting-didoes are discussed comprehensively. • The complex mutual chemistry disturbance between the metal oxide and perovskite materials is highlighted. • The advances are summarized from the aspects of surface reaction, crystallization, quenching mechanism, and operational stability. • Research directions on engineering metal oxide layers for stable devices are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the effect of Cu additions (0.1 and 0.3 wt%) on the age-hardening behavior of AA6016 Al–Mg–Si alloys with and without 3 % prestraining by hardness testing and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Our results showed that higher Cu addition slightly increased the peak hardness, but significantly shortened the time to reach peak aging in both alloys with and without prestraining. Prestraining can improve the peak hardness by making the higher Cu addition more pronounced. In alloys without prestraining, the higher Cu addition slowed the hardness reduction in the overaged state, and the 0.3Cu alloy consistently exhibited finer precipitates with higher number density than the 0.1Cu alloy throughout the aging process. In contrast, higher Cu addition in alloys with 3 % prestraining accelerated the hardness decrease in the overaged state and led to a coarser microstructure after 24 h aging. This is primarily because Cu atoms can slow down the reduction in dislocation density during aging, whereas the higher dislocation density promoted the growth of precipitates, resulting in accelerated coarsening of precipitates as the aging time proceeded. Moreover, dislocations accelerated the formation of precursors of the Q′ phase, which was more pronounced in the 0.3Cu alloy. • Higher Cu addition refined the microstructure and shortened the peak aging time. • Prestraining accelerated the hardening rate during initial aging and softening rate during over aging. • During over aging, higher Cu addition slowed the decrease in hardness but accelerated it after applying prestraining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two isothermal sections of the Fe-Si-Ta ternary system at 1100 °C and 900 °C in the whole composition range have been experimentally determined combined with EPMA and XRD techniques. Except for these known ternary G, E, and V phases, a new ternary compound named X was detected with the composition region about 27.1–29.9 at% Fe, 30.6–31.7 at% Ta and 39.5–41.2 at% Si. Si has an extensive solubility in the Fe 2 Ta phase, and the solubility of Fe in the Ta 2 Si phase tends to be parallel to the Fe-Si side. Based on the experimental results in this work, the Fe-Si-Ta ternary system has been assessed using the CALPHAD method. A set of reliable thermodynamic parameters for the Fe-Si-Ta system was obtained. The current thermodynamic description is in good agreement with available experimental data. The calculated liquidus projection and invariant reaction scheme in the Fe-Si-Ta ternary system were presented. The present work can provide essential experimental and thermodynamic data for the establishment of the G-phase strengthen alloy database. • The isothermal sections of the Fe-Ta-Si ternary system at 1100 °C and 900 °C were experimentally determined. • A new ternary compound with the compositional range of Fe 27.1–29.9 Ta 30.6–31.7 Si 39.5–41.2 was detected. • The solubilities of Ta in the Fe-Si side compounds are generally negligible. • The binary phase Fe 2 Ta and Fe 6 Ta 7 were confirmed to have a large solubility of Si. • The Fe-Ta-Si ternary system was thermodynamically assessed using CALPHAD method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the role of prestraining (at 3% and 5%) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of preaged (PA) Al-Mg-Si sheets before and after paint baking (PB). By applying prestraining after preaging (PAPS x) (before PB), the work hardening rate and the uniform elongation were largely reduced as compared with the PA material, but when prestraining was applied before preaging (PS x PA), they were reduced at a lower rate. However, in the tensile test curves of PS x PA materials, the Portvein–Le Chatelier effect was observed, which was attributed to the segregation of clusters and solutes on dislocation lines. After PB, PAPS x materials obtained a higher yield strength (YS) with finer precipitates and a higher number density than PS x PA, and the only PA materials. By contrast, PS x PA materials created large-size precipitates with a lower number density, but the YS was higher than that of PA material. PS x PA could maximize the improvement of the bake-hardening response. A lower level of prestraining (≤3%) was preferred for PS x PA materials because it did not increase YS considerably before PB, which was beneficial for the stamping process. The relationship between clustering behavior, precipitation behavior, and mechanical properties is discussed in detail. • The PLC effect was observed in the PAPS x materials before PB. • PAPS x materials obtained the highest PB yield strength but low BHR. • PS x PA materials had higher PB yield strength than the PA material and could maximize the improvement of the BHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the photophysics of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and iridium complexes, and their nanocomposites using density functional theory calculations. We evaluate the electronic structures and energy conversion efficiencies of the nanocomposites as a function of the π-conjugation of the 2-aryl substituents. Our results indicate that the GQD primarily influences the occupied frontier molecular orbitals of the nanocomposite, while the unoccupied frontier molecular orbitals are mainly determined by the Ir(III) complex. The dipolar interaction between GQD and the Ir(III) complex causes a redistribution of charge between the two molecules, resulting in enhanced delocalization of electrons in the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite's unique electronic configuration results in enhanced charge separation, leading to improved electron injection into the semiconductor. Moreover, the high-energy absorption is determined by GQD, while the Ir(III) complex primarily contributes to low-energy absorption. Furthermore, increasing the π-conjugation of the 2-aryl substituent increases the nanocomposite's LUMO levels and open-circuit voltage, but decreases its light harvesting ability. However, the electron-hole recombination time increases, leading to improved short-circuit current and energy conversion efficiency. Our computational results provide valuable insight into the photophysical properties of GQD/Ir(III) complex nanocomposites, specifically the important elements affecting their photocatalytic performance. • The GQDs and Ir(III) complex have synergistic effects on the electronic properties and energy levels of the nanocomposite. • The nanocomposite exhibits broad absorption, effective charge separation, and electron injection. • The π-conjugation crucially impacts nanocomposite's photocurrent generation and energy conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and smart meters demands high-performance energy storage devices. By now, supercapacitors are expected to become one of the most promising energy devices for future energy technology. In this work, NiO nanoparticles supported on activated carbon nanofibers (NiO/ACNFs) have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition technique, which is directly used as self-supporting binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman results show that NiO nanoparticles (3.1 nm) are uniformly coated on ACNFs. The NiO/ACNFs-600 electrodes demonstrate a specific capacitance of 870 F·g−1 (1 A·g−1) and good rate capability (remain 67% at 10 A·g−1). The asymmetric supercapacitor devices with NiO/ACNFs-600//ACNFs electrodes yield a fairly high energy density of 39.85 Wh·kg−1 at 2000 W·kg−1 and excellent capacitance retention of 87% after 10,000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical capacitance performance for NiO/ACNFs is attributed to the high conductivity and large specific surface area of ACNFs, high capacity, small size, and even dispersion of NiO as well as the synergistic effect between them. These results demonstrate that NiO/ACNFs can serve as excellent electrode materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. [Display omitted] • NiO is dispersed evenly on lignin-derived ACNFs by ALD for the first time. • The oxygen-containing functional groups of ACNFs provide the active site for the anchoring of NiO. • Combined advantages of porous ACNFs and highly dispersed NiO nanoparticles. • NiO/ACNFs-600 electrode exhibits excellent specific capacitance of 870 F·g−1 (1 A·g−1). • NiO/ACNFs-600//ACNFs device yields outstanding energy density of 39.85 Wh·kg−1 at 2000 W·kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer has low migration ability of photogenerated carriers under photoexcitation, which severely limits the photocatalytic application. In this paper, S-type polyimide aerogel/Bi 4 O 5 I 2 (tPIA/BOI) heterojunction photocatalysts under internal electric field are prepared by supercritical ethanol drying and in-situ solvothermal method. The large surface area (42.381 m2/g) and excellent hydrophilicity (64.11°) can provide more active sites for photocatalytic reactions and better dispersion in solution, which are conducive to the photodegradation of pollutants. The removal rate of tPIA/BOI on tetracycline (TC) aqueous solution can reach 91.3 %, and the photodegradation rate is 31 and 2 times than that of original tPIA and BOI. The internal electric field is generated by the matching of tPIA and BOI, which optimizes the separation and transfer of electron-hole pairs. Besides, the range of light absorption is expanded, thus greatly improving the degradation efficiency of the catalyst. • S-type polyimide aerogel/Bi 4 O 5 I 2 heterojunction exhibits excellent photodegradation performance. • Built-in electric field promotes charge separation and transfer of catalysts. • .O 2 − plays a main roles in degradation pollutants. • Catalysts have excellent hygroscopicity and enlarge the specific surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure and chemical heterogeneity play critical roles in the magnetic performance of nanocrystalline multi-main-phase (MMP) Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets. In this work, we report a strategy to synergistically tailor the microstructure and chemical heterogeneity of MMP magnet through optimizing sintering temperature (T s). An optimum T s of 700 °C has been obtained for nanocrystalline MMP Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets. When sintered at T s = 700 °C, the nanocrystalline MMP magnet exhibits the maximum intrinsic coercivity H cj , the preferable remanence B r , and the resultant optimum maximum energy product (BH) max , which is attributed mainly to the appreciable density, controlled grain size, and better chemical heterogeneity. Comparably, lower or higher T s leads to the inferior magnetic properties. At lower T s below 700 °C, the poor magnetic properties are mainly due to the insufficient densification. However, at higher T s above 700 °C, the decreased H cj originates mainly from the excessive grain growth and gradual chemical homogenization. The above findings deepen our understanding on the relationship among the microstructure, chemical heterogeneity, and T s , concurrently providing an effective approach for fabricating low-cost high-performance nanocrystalline MMP Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets. • Microstructure and chemical heterogeneity of nanocrystalline MMP Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnet are synergistically tailored. • H cj , B r , and (BH) max are simultaneously enhanced at optimum T s of 700 °C. • Dependences of microstructure and composition on T s are revealed, and an evolution model is proposed. • Mechanisms underlying changes in magnetic properties with T s are systematically analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal elements (TMs) are one of the most important factors that damage the electrical conductivity (EC) of AA6101. But according to our study, during boron treatment process introducing trace TMs is beneficial to improve boron treatment efficiency and purify the Al matrix. In this work, boron treatment and TM-assisted composite boron treatment are carried out to improve the EC of AA6101 and the influence mechanism of TMs (Zr, V, Ti) on boron treatment is studied in detail. Results show that the EC of AA6101 improves and then decreases with the increasing of B addition, reaching a maximum value of 53.4% International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) with 0.09% B (all compositions quoted in this work are in wt% unless otherwise stated). But by analyzing the boron reaction products, it can be found that the TM borides are core-shell structure and the core mainly is unreacted AlB 2 compounds, thus the boron treatment efficiency is relative low. Based on this, besides 0.09% B addition, different amounts of TMs (Zr, V, Ti) are introduced into Al melts to break the core-shell structure and promote the boron reaction going on. When the additions of Zr, V, and Ti are 0.05%, 0.06%, and 0.03%, the EC of AA6101 can reach 54.2%IACS, 53.9%IACS, and 53.7%IACS, respectively. By comparing it is obvious that Zr-assisted boron treatment is the best and the EC of AA6101 is 8.2% better than AA6101 without treatment (50.1%IACS). On the basis of thermodynamics and dynamics, Zr can replace the TMs on the boride particles, and the replaced TMs continue to react with the unreacted AlB 2 in the boride center. Thus more TMs impurities are involved in the reaction and their damage to EC of AA6101 can be reduced. At last, a schematic diagram is drawn to explain the influence mechanism of TMs on boron reaction process, which is useful for the development of conductive Al alloys. • Trace TMs (Zr, V, Ti) can break the balance of conventional boron reaction and further improve boron treatment efficiency. • Zr-assisted boron treatment exhibits the best performance to improve the electrical conductivity of AA6101 alloy. • The reaction mechanism of Zr-assisted boron treatment was revealed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]