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Abstract: Europium doped gadolinium orthoborate nanorods and nanoribbons were morphology-controlled grown on the porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template surface via a hydrothermal process combined with high-temperature calcination. The morphologies, crystal structures and luminescent properties of the as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The morphologies of the nanomaterials were controlled by the calcination temperature. If calcined at 1000°C, the morphology of the GdBO3:Eu3+ one-dimensional materials is nanorods; when calcined at 800 and 600°C, the shapes of the Eu-doped GdBO3 are nanoribbons. If treated at 900°C, the as-prepared samples are composed of nanorods and nanoribbons. The changed morphologies of the as-prepared nanomaterials obtained from different calcination temperatures were explained according to the structural phase transition of GdBO3. The PL spectrum shows that the characteristic emission of GdBO3:Eu3+ one-dimensional nanomaterials is the 5D0 → 7F1 transition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]