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The article discusses the impact of photographic and televised images of oil disasters during the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly as related to wildlife. It analyzes the visual records of the first oil gushers in the U.S. in the 1860s, refinery fires, and oil spills. The article particularly focuses upon oil spills at sea. It discusses the rise of environmentalism concerning oil disasters in the 20th century. The article reviews spills from the U.S. oil tanker "Torrey Canyon," and spills at Santa Barbara, California, Tampa Bay, Florida, and San Francisco, California. It also examines the establishment of Earth Day.

The article presents an examination of the role that Jewish American women played in the peace movement during the interwar period in the United States. It explores how participation in peace activism was one of the ways that American Jewish women worked to gain acceptance and integration on national and local levels. It discusses Jewish immigration to the U.S. around the turn of the century and explores the role the Jewish women's organizations played in helping women transition to life in the U.S. It also explores how these organizations became involved with peace activism, discusses antisemitism in the U.S. and how participation in peace activism allowed Jewish women to show their dedication to the U.S.

The article presents an examination of the National Organization for Women's (NOW) case against Sears, Roebuck and Company in the 1970s regarding wages and the employment opportunities of women. It situates this case in the context of the changing environment of second wave feminism in the United States and explores how the movement shifted its goals as it attempted to develop into a cohesive national movement. It discusses the case as a turning point in liberal feminism and explores how ideological differences within NOW ultimately demobilized the movement.

The article presents an examination of abolitionist Dinah Nevil and the founding of the world's first anti-slavery organization. It examines the political and moral decisions involved in the American nation building process as well as in the transatlantic antislavery movement. It addresses the history of antislavery activism, discusses the idea that the American Revolutionary War was a necessary precondition for the abolition of slavery and examines how Nevil's case suggests that the war interrupted an ongoing effort to abolish slavery.

The article presents an examination into the contributions of black universities in the United States throughout the 20th century toward racial solidarity and decolonization movements throughout the Atlantic world. Discussion is given highlighting the accomplishments of African-American centered universities and educational philosophies throughout the century which produced centers of black intellectualism and nationalism. Further analysis is offered noting how international students accepted at these institutions where developed in this intellectual atmosphere and spread their cultural ideas out from it.

The article discusses the Republican Party in the United States and its members' views of environmentalism during the 1980s. The author claims that the party viewed environmentalists as extremists that posed a threat to the development and exploitation of the country's natural resources. The modern environmental movement in the 2000s is compared to the environmental movement in the 1980s, with a specific focus on the social and cultural dimensions of environmental activism and reform as well as opposition to environmentalism.

Discusses environmental movements made by Hawaiians against the use of the Kaho'olawe island in Hawaii as a bombing target range by the U.S. Navy and their struggles to restore the island from the 1960s to 1970s. Establishment of a postcolonial variant of the U.S. environmental justice campaign by native Hawaiians; Description of the island; Importance of the island as a spiritual center and navigation marker to native Hawaiians; Efforts of Elmer Cravalho in leading an initial charge against the navy; Changes in navy policies regarding the use of the island.

Discusses how social reform, sexuality and religion shaped middle-class women's gender identities while maintaining class and racial hierarchies. Various rationales for the exercise of power; Information on the nineteenth-century social movements in the United States; Justification for expanding Christianity.

Presents information on the oral history of the civil rights movement in the U.S. Importance of oral history in understanding the civil rights movement and social movement; Information on the Civil Rights Documentation Project at the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center at Howard University in Washington, D.C.; Focus of the oral history collections of the Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia.

Presents a list of articles about humanities and social sciences. "The Southern Enclosure Movement," by Numan V. Bartley, published in the Fall 1987 issue of the journal "Georgia Historical Quarterly"; "The Rural Alahamian, A Journal of Progressive Agriculture and Improved Industry, 1872-1873," by Melodee J. French, published in the July 1987 issue of the journal "Alabama Review"; "Loyalist Style and the Culture of the Atlantic Seaboard," by Ann Gorman Condon, published in the Spring 1987 issue of the journal "Material History Bulletin."

Discusses the struggles of African Americans in transforming the U.S. Constitution in search for their freedom and justice. Suggestion of Thurgood Marshall, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, to transform the Constitution; Questions raised by African American freedom movement to the nation that focused directly on the Preamble; Development of a struggle between the official keepers of the Constitution and the black freedom movement.

Examines the charismatic leadership of African American civic leader Martin Luther King Jr. in the African American protest tradition during the 1950s and 1960s. Depiction of his leadership capability in scholarly works and the media; Characteristics of King as a leader; Lessons about social change that can be learned from his political and social views.

Discusses the emergence of rural church reform movement in the U.S. from 1900 to 1950. Factors that led the U.S. public to believe that the rural countryside was in crisis; Institutions that attracted the primary attention of rural reformers; Origin of the rural church reformers.

Examines the role of cooperatives in the development of populist movement in the U.S. Focus of Lawrence Godwyn's interpretation and coverage of the political protest movement of U.S. farmers; Summary of the major components of Goodwyn's hypothesis on the relationship of movement culture, the cooperative movement and financial reform; Estimated number of cooperatives in populist states from 1885 to 1891.

The article reviews "Women and Social Movements, International—1840 to Present," an online social science database containing primary and secondary source materials from Alexander Street Press, edited by Thomas Dublin and Kathryn Kish Sklar.