1. A multiplatform metabolomic approach to characterize fecal signatures of negative postnatal events in chicks: a pilot study.
- Author
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Beauclercq S, Lefèvre A, Montigny F, Collin A, Tesseraud S, Leterrier C, Emond P, and Guilloteau LA
- Abstract
Background: Negative experiences in early life can induce long-lasting effects on the welfare, health, and performance of farm animals. A delayed placement of chicks in rearing houses has negative effects on their performance, and results in fecal-specific odors detectable by rats. Based on this observation, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites from the feces of 12-day-old chickens were screened for early markers of response to negative events using gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-HRMS)., Results: The low reproducibility of solid-phase micro-extraction of the VOCs followed by GC-MS was not suitable for marker discovery, in contrast to liquid extraction of metabolites from freeze-dried feces followed by GC-MS or LC-HRMS analysis. Therefore, the fecal metabolome from 12-day-old chicks having experienced a normal or delayed placement were recorded by GC-MS and LC-HRMS in two genotypes from two experiments. From both experiments, 25 and 35 metabolites, respectively explaining 81% and 45% of the difference between delayed and control chickens, were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis from LC-HRMS and GC-MS profiling., Conclusion: The sets of molecules identified will be useful to better understand the chicks' response to negative events over time and will contribute to define stress or welfare biomarkers. ., Competing Interests: All animal care and experimental procedures needed for this study were conducted in accordance with current European legislation (EU Directive 2010/63/EU) and were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of Val de Loire [Authorizations No. 01730.02, 2015070815347034v2 (APAFIS#1082) and 2015072215422490v2 (APAFIS#1246)]. This ethics committee is registered by the National Committee under the number C2EA 19.All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
- Published
- 2019
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