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Modulation technique is used to detect a short-range interaction between a probe and a sample of a tunneling near-field optical microscope. It was observed that the effect of the coupled dipoles interaction is negligible in conventional near-field microscopes and it dominates the modulated signal at scanning distances.

The various effects of the laser wavelength on the charge state resolved ion energy distributions obtained from the laser-induced sn plasma are determined. The laser wavelength is shown to be dependent on the laser energy absorption, which is found to lead to the differences in the ion energy distributions.