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A theoretical approach to calculate the permeability tensor of polycrystalline ferrites in various magnetization states, from the completely demagnetized state to saturation is described. Demagnetizing dynamic fields related to the magnetic domain and grain shapes are introduced in the initial equations to describe the interactions between domains in a grain and between grains.

A theoretical approach for accurately describing the electromagnetic response of a self-biased Y-junction circulator composed of a polycrystalline hexaferrite operating at millimeter wavelengths is presented. The results obtained from the proposed approach are compared in the case of polycrystalline hexaferrite-made circulator operating at remanence.

The validation of powders technology for microwave applications, was proved by ferrimagnetic powder loaded composites, which exhibit a nonreciprocal effect. To prove the same, the demonstration in the case of thick ferromagnetic powder loaded layers deposited by silkscreen printing was reproduced.