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Metal anodes were studied during electrolytic in-processing dressing for electric field or current density distribution.

The protrusion effect is studied during the electrolytic in-process dressing of a diamond particle, a spherical diamond particle and a long diamond particle.

All the diffusion analyses employing the original form of Fick's law for self-diffusion in liquids are incorrect and predict a too slow transport mechanism. By applying the correct form of Fick's law, the rate of transport computed based on the self-diffusion becomes the same as that based on viscous flow. This analysis appears to provide both the Navier-Stokes equation and the Einstein equation with a better physical basis.

Tin (Sn) films of 1 μm thick and 2–3 μm grain size were electroplated over a silicon (Si) wafer. The wafer was first deposited with an adhesion layer of chromium (Cr) followed by a nickel (Ni) using the evaporation technique. A special fixture was used to apply a biaxial compressive stress to the Sn film. After exposing the sample to 160 °C under vacuum for seven days, large hillocks were observed having dimensions of 10–30 μm in diameter and 30–150 μm in length. The hillock density was approximately seven per square mm. A quantitative method was developed using surface mapping and MATLAB™ to estimate the volume of hillocks per unit area of the Sn film and thus, to relate that volume to the local compressive stress. The rate of growth was modeled as a flow of Sn atoms along the Sn/Ni interface under the applied pressure gradient. Reasonable viscosity and self-diffusivity were calculated, which suggested that Sn/Ni interface diffusion was potentially the mechanism for hillock growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part I. Presents information on a study that investigated a problem of the process that described how the metal matrix changes its surface topography. Advantages of electrolytic in-processing dressing compared with mechanical dressing; Assumptions of the model; Geometry of a two-dimensional boundary value problem which assumed zero protrusion of diamond particle.

Presents information on a study deals with protrusion and three dimensional effects on the metal dissolution in electrolytic in-process dressing. Importance of the surface topography of a grinding tool in precision grinding; Mathematical expression of the boundary value problem of a disk-shaped diamond particle with no protrusion; Calculation on a diamond particle of a hemispherical protrusion.

A quantitative method was developed by using surface mapping and [MATLAB.sup.] to estimate the volume of hillocks per unit area of the Sn film and relate that volume to the local compressive stress. The calculated viscosity and self-diffusivity for the Sn film indicated that Sn/Ni interface diffusion was potentially mechanism for the hillock growth.

Presents a study which investigated the direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) B-H loops of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys by superposing an ac magnetic field. Characteristics of the amorphous alloys used; Phenomenon of narrowed dc.