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The scope of various types of two-dimensional carbon nanostructures including graphene and free-standing carbon nanowalls/nanosheets are discussed. The synthesis, characterization and potential applications of the carbon nanostructures are presented.

The article presents a new shell model and a general hypothesis, which can be employed for the growth and synthesis of various different semiconductor nanotubes. It also explains the different conditions that can be created for the formation of different carbon nanotubes with varying characteristics and properties.

The bound state in a current-carrying nanotube is discussed on the basis of the Landau quantization which includes the finite length effect, induced magnetic field, and electric field. The results obtained shed light on significant role of Landau mode in the electrical breakdown and thinning phenomena and the spread of wave function in the outer side in the radial direction which activates the air and triggers the destruction of atomic bonds.

Two device models of outer-wall disordered carbon nanotube with lead contacts of multi- and single-wall nanotubes are described for both measurement and control of carrier mobility in multiwall carbon nanotubes. The results have presented a new method for the design and application of the nanotube molecular devices and device wiring.

A dense nest of carbon nanotube (CNT) onto the surface of carbonyl ion (CI) particles is constructed by using 4-aminobenzoic acid as a grafting agent. Magnetorheological (MR) characteristics of CI/SNT particles in a parallel plate geometry equipped with a magnetic field supplied is shown to be similar with that of pristine CI suspension, while the sedimentation ratio has also improved.

Polarized Raman spectroscopy is used for deriving the orientation distribution function (ODF) for a uniaxial-axially symmetric system. The ODF results have shown that the higher electric field frequencies have produced a good alignment of the single wall nanotube (SWNT) inclusions.

The fabrication and magnetic properties of the Ni-Cu nanowires and the Ni nanotubes are reported. The finite size effect in nucleation and growth could be exploited for the formation of core/shell nanowires for pore diameters in the range of 100-220 nm.

Tellurium-filled double-walled carbon nanotubes (Te@DWNTs) are analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy. The comparison of the main Raman bands and their temperature coefficients of pristine and filled carbon nanotubes have shown a decreased interaction between the carbon atoms in the nanotubes, which is due to the additional van der Waals interaction between the Te atoms and the carbon nanotube inner wall.