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• Provides a timely overview on theoretical and methodological advances in loess study. • Encloses evolution and surface processes of loess landform and deposition environment. • Investigates impacts of fault activities and geohazards in loess areas of China. Loess is a type of Quaternary sediments of the wind origin in arid and semi-arid regions. This type of sediment is widely and thickly distributed in China, forming the Loess Plateau, which is the largest bulk accumulation of loess on the Earth. The Loess Plateau of China has received great attention from scientific communities, including geologists, geophysicists and engineers worldwide. Accordingly, a wealth of investigations has been undertaken on various problems arising in this area. However, some scientific questions remain relevant and unresolved. These questions mainly present in the areas of evolution and surface processes of loess landform, depositional environments of loess sediments, impacts due to Neotectonics and fault activities in loess areas, and natural and man-made geohazards. In recent years, extensive innovative studies have been carried out to further understand the above-mentioned topics. Substantial new data, theories and insights have become available. This special issue provides a timely overview on the recent case histories, theoretical advances, laboratory and field testing and state-of-art methods in the theme of loess geology and surface processes. The papers gathered in this special issue are introduced in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]