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Chemical investigations on the aerial parts ofCarissa opacaresulted in the isolation and characterization of two newnor-triterpenoids (compounds1and2) and a new sphingolipid (compound3) together with six known compounds. The structures of all the isolates were established using spectral data. All the isolated compounds showed DPPH radical scavenging and enzyme inhibitory activities against enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and lipoxygenase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatographic purification of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from the methanolic extract ofAtriplex lasianthayielded a new triterpenoid, 7β,15α,16β-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-28,30-dioic acid-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside (1), along with two known triterpenoids, rotundifolioside I (2) and corchorusin B (3). Structures of the compounds1–3were elucidated through sophisticated NMR studies and high resolution mass spectrometry. The three isolates (1–3) were evaluated for antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiurease activities. Compound2exhibited the best antibacterial activity againstEscherichiacoliwith IC50value of 66.25 μg/ml, whereas, all the tested compounds exhibited antioxidant (IC50values of 68.7–75.4 μg/ml) and antiurease (IC50values of 25.5–49.3 μg/ml) activities, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new sphingolipids plicatin A [(2S,3S,4R)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxyoctdecanoyl]amino}hexaeicosane-1,3,4-triol (1)] and plicatin B [(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxyoctdecanoyl]amino}tricont-10-ene-1,3,4-triol (2)], together with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, scopoletin, uracil, and dl-threonolactone were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Chrozophora plicata. The structures of these compounds were established using 1D (1H, 13C) and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, and COSY) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EI-MS and HR-EI-MS) and in comparison with the reported data in the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory potential against enzyme lipoxygenase with IC50 values 195.1 and 102.3 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatographic purification of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of the flowers ofAerva javanicayielded three new acylated flavone glycosides: kaempferol-3-O-β-d-[4‴-E-p-coumaroyl-α-l-rhamnosyl(1 → 6)]-galactoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-d-[4‴-E-p-coumaroyl-α-l-rhamnosyl(1 → 6)]-(3″-E-p-coumaroyl)galactoside (2), and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-[4‴-E-p-coumaroyl-α-l-rhamnosyl(1 → 6)]-(4″-E-p-coumaroyl)galactoside (3), along withp-coumaric acid (4), caffeic acid (5), gallic acid (6), eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate (7), hexadecyl ferulate (8), and hexacosyl ferulate (9). The compounds1–9were characterized using 1D (1H,13C) and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, and COSY) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EI-MS, HR-EI-MS, FAB-MS, and HR-FAB-MS) and in comparison with the reported data in the literature. Compound1showed weak inhibitory activity against enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and lipoxygenase with IC50values 205.1, 304.1, and 212.3 μM, respectively, whereas compounds2and3were only weakly active against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four new sphingolipids: nudicaulin A [(2S,3S,4R,14E)-2-{[octadecanoyl]amino}tetraeicos-14-ene-1,3,4-triol; 1], nudicaulin B [(2S,3S,4R,14E)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoyl]amino}tetraeicos-14-ene-1,3,4-triol; 2], nudicaulin C [(2S,3S,4R,14E)-2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoyl]amino}tetraeicos-14-ene-1,3,4-triol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; 3], and nudicaulin D [(2S,3S,4R)-2-{[(2R,3S,12E)-2,3-dihydroxyeicos-12-enoyl]amino}octadecane-1,3,4-triol; 4] together with 1-hexatriacontanol, β-sitosterol, octadecyl 4-hydroxycinnamate, elaidic acid, cholesta-5,22-diene-3,7-diol, oleanolic acid, apigenin, and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Launaea nudicaulis. Their structures were elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR spectra and 2D NMR analyses (HMQC, HMBC, and COSY) in combination with mass spectrometry (EI-MS, HR-EI-MS, FAB-MS, and HR-FAB-MS) experiments and comparison with literature data of related compounds. Compounds 1–4 displayed moderate inhibitory potential against enzyme lipoxygenase in concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value ranges 103–193 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatographic purification of the methanolic extract of Plumeria obtusa yielded two new iridoid obtusadoids A (1) and B (2), along with eight known compounds plumieridin A (3), plumieridine (4), 1α-plumieride (5), 15-demethylplumieride (6), rel-(3R,3′S,4R,4′S)-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-6,6′-dimethoxy[3,3′-bi-2H-benzopyran]-4,4′-diol (7), glochiflavanoside B (8), oleanolic acid (9), and methyl coumarate (10). The structures of all the isolates (1–10) were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The data of known compounds (3–10) were further compared with the reported data for these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Chromatographic purification of the extract of an endophytic fungal culture yielded depsitinuside (1), a new phenolic ester together with ergosterol (2) and (22E,24S)-24-methyl-5-α-cholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5,6β-triol (3). The structure of 1 was elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, whereas the known compounds (2 and 3) were identified by 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, and in comparison with the literature values. Compound 1 was evaluated for its enzyme inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and lipoxygenase, and was found inactive (10%–40% inhibition at a concentration of 2 mg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new flavonoid, isorhamnetin-3-O-[-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), along with two known flavonoids 3'-O-methylorobol (2) and quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), was isolated from Alhagi maurorum. Their structures were established with the help of mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and in comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]