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Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant properties in vitro. It is a natural compound that can be found in olive leaves and oil. The main dietary source of hydroxytyrosol is extra virgin olive oil. Due to its bioavailability, chemical properties and easy formulation along with its lack of toxicity, hydroxytyrosol is considered an excellent food supplement by the nutraceutical and food industries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol in vivo. To do so, we conducted an electronic search in PubMed and other literature databases using "hydroxytyrosol", "beneficial effect/s", "pharmacology" as key-words. From this search, we found that hydroxytyrosol has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hydroxytyrosol also improves endothelial dysfunction, decreases oxidative stress, and is neuro- and cardio-protective. Due to all these biological properties, hydroxytyrosol is currently the most actively investigated natural phenol. The evidence presented in this review suggests that hydroxytyrosol has great pharmacological potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Lymphedema is a chronic accumulation of interstitial fluid due to inefficient lymph drainage. Major causes of lymphedema are malformations of lymphatic vessels, trauma, toxic damage and surgery. The swelling typically affects the limbs. Lymphedema may be primary, caused by genetic mutations and relatively rare, or secondary (acquired), due to external causes such as infections or surgery. Fluid accumulation induces pathological changes: activation of the inflammatory cascade, immune cell infiltration, tissue fibrosis, adipose accumulation. We focused on the inflammatory phenotype mediated by leukotriene B4, a lipid mediator of the inflammatory pathway, and the potential therapeutic effect of hydroxytyrosol. We conducted an electronic search in PubMed using "lymphedema", "lymphedema pathway", "hydroxytyrosol" as keywords. We found that lymphedema deregulates at least six molecular pathways and that hydroxytyrosol, a compound with antioxidant activity, can improve endothelial dysfunction, hemostatic and lipid profiles, and decrease oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of leukotriene B4 activity. This review is the first to highlight the possibility of using hydroxytyrosol to treat the secondary effects of lymphedema, especially inflammation. The possible effects of hydroxytyrosol on lymphedema should be tested in vitro and in vivo to find the best way to treat patients with lymphedema in order to improve their health status., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)