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Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in smokers with lung disease, but whether lung‐specific factors are associated with fracture risk is unknown. Our goal was to determine whether lung‐specific factors associate with incident hip fracture and improve risk discrimination of traditional fracture risk models in smokers. The analysis consisted of a convenience sample of 9187 current and former smokers (58,477 participant follow‐up years) participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) longitudinal observational cohort study. Participants were enrolled between 2008 and 2011 with follow‐up data collection through July 2018. Traditional risk factors associated with incident hip fracture (n = 361) included age, female sex, osteoporosis, prevalent spine and hip fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Lung‐specific risk factors included post‐bronchodilator percent forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) predicted (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99 for each 10% increase), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.002–1.19 for each higher stage), presence of CT‐determined emphysema (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06–1.69), symptom scores (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19 for each higher unit score), 6‐min walk distance (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.95 for each 30‐m increase), body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise (BODE) index (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13 for each higher unit score), total exacerbations (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10–1.16 per exacerbation), and annual exacerbations (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21–1.55 per exacerbation). In multivariable modeling, age, black race, osteoporosis, prevalent hip and spine fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes were associated with incident hip fracture. The presence of emphysema, 6‐min walk distance, and total number of exacerbations added to traditional models improved risk discrimination (integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] values 0.001 [95% CI, 0.0003–0.002], 0.001 [95% CI, 0.0001–0.002], and 0.008 [95% CI, 0.003–0.013], corresponding to relative IDIs of 12.8%, 6.3%, and 34.6%, respectively). These findings suggest that the incorporation of lung‐specific risk factors into fracture risk assessment tools may more accurately predict fracture risk in smokers. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which evaluates the effectiveness of using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based method to detect rapid remodeling changes in the topology of the trabecular bone network after menopause and the protective effect of estradiol. The results obtained in evaluating the trabecular architecture and bone density of early postmenopausal women using MRI-based virtual biopsy suggest that MRI-based method is an effective tool in monitoring osteoporosis treatment.

This article presents research on decomposition of trabecular plates and rods in the skeletal system. These plates and rods are important microarchitectural features in determining mechanical properties of trabecular bone. A complete volumetric decomposition of plates and rods was used to study the orientation and morphology of 71 bone samples. The morphological analyses better characterize microarchitecture and help predict anistropic mechanical properties of bone.

The article cites a case study on the implications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based structural measures of topology and scale on the vertebral deformity of postmenopausal women. Women age 60-80 were screened by DXA, and those that passed the enrollment criteria were subjected to MRI at the distal tibia and radius. Structural measures at the distal radius showed a vital portion of the variation in total spinal deformity burden is independent of bone mineral density (BMD).