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A 21-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, decrease in appetite, and weight loss of 6 months and right chest pain of 5 days' duration. Earlier diagnostic work-ups had been inconclusive, and she was referred for the evaluation of the bilateral lung lesions as seen on her chest x-ray. Thoracic computed tomography scan showed a 6-cm mass in the right lower lobe, a minimal right pleural effusion, and a peripheral 2-cm cavitary nodule in the inferior lingular segment. Ultrasonography-guided transthoracic cutting needle biopsy of the right-sided mass and following right lower lobectomy both yielded benign specimens pathologically assessed as "inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor." The chest x-ray and thoracic computed tomography scans obtained 1 month following the thoracotomy showed spontaneous and almost complete resolution of the left-sided nodule. In follow-up 1 year after the surgery, no clinical, laboratory, or radiologic recurrence was detected. She is being closely followed as an outpatient.

A 70-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea, chest and back pain, fatigue of 5 years' duration, and dysphagia and weight loss of 1 year's duration. Despite multiple diagnostic work-ups performed previously, no eventual diagnosis could have been made. His personal past history was remarkable for impaired vision and recurrent "pneumonias" over the last 3 years. Computed tomography revealed mediastinal, right pulmonary, and retroperitoneal masses. The mediastinal mass compressed and obstructed the airways, superior vena cava, right main pulmonary artery, and esophagus, whereas the retroperitoneal mass encased inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, and ureters. Transbronchial needle aspiration and endobronchial biopsy by rigid bronchoscopy and surgical biopsies of the mediastinal and pulmonary masses all showed inflammatory fibrous tissue. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a right orbital pseudotumor. A diagnosis of multifocal fibrosclerosis was made and corticosteroid treatment started. However, the patient died 2 weeks after establishing the diagnosis.