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Intrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with continued hemizygous is a very rare abnormality and sometimes it may be accompanied by other cardiovascular abnormalities. Continuation of the hemizygous vein draining into the right atrium through the left superior vena cava (LSVC) is much rarer. In this paper, we have presented a patient who had simultaneous IVC interrupted with persistent LSVC and suffered from Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Finally, radiofrequencies (RF) catheter ablation for AVNRT was successfully performed through a left subclavian vein access., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The malposition of central venous catheters (CVCs) may lead to vascular damage, perforation, and even mediastinal injury. The malposition of CVC from the right subclavian vein into the azygos vein is extremely rare. Here, we report a patient with CVC malposition into the azygos vein via the right subclavian vein. We conduct a comprehensive review of the anatomical structure of the azygos vein and the manifestations associated with azygos vein malposition. Additionally, we explore the resolution of repositioning the catheter into the superior vena cava by carefully withdrawing a specific length of the catheter., Case Presentation: A 79-year-old female presented to our department with symptoms of complete intestinal obstruction. A double-lumen CVC was inserted via the right subclavian vein to facilitate total parenteral nutrition. Due to the slow onset of sedative medications during surgery, the anesthetist erroneously believed that the CVC had penetrated the superior vena cava, leading to the premature removal of the CVC. Postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest confirmed that the central venous catheter had not penetrated the superior vena cava but malpositioned into the azygos vein. The patient was discharged 15 days after surgery without any complications., Conclusions: CVC malposition into the azygos vein is extremely rare. Clinical practitioners should be vigilant regarding this form of catheter misplacement. Ensuring the accurate positioning of the CVC before each infusion is crucial. Utilizing chest X-rays in both frontal and lateral views, as well as chest computed tomography, can aid in confirming the presence of catheter misplacement., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Azygos vein aneurysms (AVAs) are extremely rare. The majority of patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, so they are found by physical examination or by chance. There is limited clinical treatment experience that can be referred to, and there are no clear guidelines or research evidence standardizing the surgical and interventional therapy. Here, we report a patient with idiopathic AVA whose three-dimensional reconstruction of the tumor was completed before surgery. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction, single-port thoracoscopic resection of the AVA was successfully completed and reported for the first time. The previously reported cases are summarized to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AVAs., Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to "dysphagia". The diagnosis of AVA was made after enhanced computed tomography, gastroscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction. Congenital weakness or degenerative changes causes the vein walls to be extremely thin that the AVA had the risk of ruptur. Furthermore, the patient had symptoms of dysphagia, he received single-port thoracoscopic surgery. After the operation, his dysphagia disappeared. The postoperative pathology confirmed hemangioma. The patient was discharged 3 days after surgery without any complications., Conclusions: AVAs are rare. Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction can greatly help surgeons clarify the disease diagnosis, formulate the surgical plan, avoid damage to the surrounding vital organs, and reduce intraoperative bleeding. Thoracoscopic surgery to remove AVAs is difficult and has a high risk of bleeding, while more minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic surgery is also safe and effective for the treatment of AVAs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Azygos vein aneurysm (AVA) is a rare thoracic pathological entity that mimics a posterior mediastinal mass. However, the pathogenesis of primary azygos vein aneurysms is not clear and its pathology is still being discussed. Some of the AVA are asymptomatic and usually discovered accidentally by routine physical examination., Case Presentation: We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who had an azygos vein arch aneurysm with no obvious clinical symptoms. With the analysis of clinical features of the case and AVA morphological characteristics, the AVA was found by a chest computed tomography. Then, enhanced chest computed tomography showed a soft-tissue mass (4.9 × 3.7 × 3.2 cm) in the right posterior mediastinum, which was connected to the superior vena cava and significantly enhanced with contrast agent stratification. The density of the tumor in the delayed stage was the same as that in the azygos vein. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Histopathological evaluation of the surgical biopsy specimen proved to be a completely thrombosed aneurism of the azygos vein arch., Conclusions: AVA is a rare pathology that must be taken into consideration during the differential diagnosis of right posterior mediastinal masses. Thoracoscopic surgery is one of the most preferred treatment options for azygos vein aneurysm., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein has not been reported to date. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can decrease the stage in patients with advanced preoperative tumor staging, regaining surgical opportunities and significantly prolonging progression-free survival and overall survival. Herein, we present a case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accompanied by tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein, and the patient underwent radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy., Case Presentation: A 63-year-old male with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was found to have tumor thrombus formation in the arch of the azygos vein. Four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the TP regimen (paclitaxel plus nedaplatin) were given. Reexamination revealed a significant reduction in tumor and tumor thrombus volume. Therefore, McKeown radical resection for esophageal cancer and removal of the tumor thrombus in the arch of the azygos vein were performed. Postoperative pathology suggested complete remission of the esophageal tumor and the presence of small focal cancer tissues in the arch of the azygos vein., Conclusion: We report a case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus formation in the azygos vein. We conducted radical resection after 4 rounds of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the pathological results revealed complete remission of the tumor. We report our experience addressing this rare case, and we hope to find the underlying mechanism of tumor thrombus formation and whether it has any effects on prognosis in our future study.

Bronchial stump reinforcement has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of bronchopleural fistulas. Various coverage techniques have been described in the literature. While the azygous vein flap is an easy, safe and effective reinforcement option for right-sided bronchial stumps, the flap is not widely adopted, with little mention in the literature, partly due to surgeons' uneasiness with the technique. In this report, we describe an easy-to-adopt approach to azygous vein bronchial reinforcement.