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Background: Nerve blocks in inguinal hernia repair will provide analgesia and lessen the requirement of iv. analgesics thereby minimizing side effects and improve VAS score. Materials and Method: The SA block were administered using standard technique. Patient were divided into three groups. Group T: Tap block using ultrasound. Group I: Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block using ultrasound. Group L: Infiltration of incision site. VAS scores and hemodynamics were assessed at different time interval. Results: The comparison of Mean among Three group-I, L and T of hemodynamic parameters were found not Significant and VAS score were found Significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks provided better post-operative pain relief than ultrasound-guided TAP block and wound infiltration at the proposed site of incision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Scoring systems such as Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) & Paediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) were established to objectively evaluate prognosis in critically sick children. Early identification and interventions in critical sick children can improve clinical outcomes. Recent investigations suggests that platelet count can vary in different disease conditions apart from blood related diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of platelet counts and its fluctuation on the mortality, morbidity and on the duration of hospital stay. This will enable us to forecast outcomes using easy and early investigations. Aims & Objectives: To study effect of platelet count (thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis) on mortality & morbidity in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: It was an observational study. A total of 122 paediatric patients were selected in the study after confirming inclusion criteria. Platelet count were recorded at admission and after 72hrs in all patients. Data variables included were complete blood count, serum electrolytes, mechanical ventilation days, need for inotropes and blood transfusion, duration of PICU stay and final outcome (discharge or death). PRISM III scoring was done in all patients. Survival and mortality were considered primary outcome, while length of stay in PICU was the secondary outcome. Results: In this study, there was significant association between thrombocytopenia and need for inotropic support (p <0.01), higher duration of hospital stay (p 0.026), mortality (p <0.01), PRISM III score (p <0.01), but no significant relation with thrombocytosis. Conclusion: Despite the paucity of data, only platelet count can be used as biomarker for predicting mortality and morbidity in critically ill children. We recommend further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the above findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to severe morbidity and amputations. The presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens in DFUs is a significant risk factor for infection and delayed wound healing. This study aimed to identify the prevalent bacterial and fungal pathogens in DFUs among a sample of 100 diabetic patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from [insert dates] among diabetic patients with DFUs. Wound swabs were collected from 100 patients and processed using standard microbiological techniques. Identification of bacterial and fungal isolates was performed using conventional and biochemical methods. Results: Out of 100 swabs collected, 73% were positive for bacterial and fungal pathogens. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (37%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and Escherichia coli (10%). The most common fungal isolate was Candida albicans (16%). Additionally, 25% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Conclusion: This study identified the prevalent bacterial and fungal pathogens in DFUs among a sample of 100 diabetic patients, which can aid in appropriate management and prevention of infections. The high prevalence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens highlights the need for judicious use of antibiotics and infection control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. It can range from uncomplicated cystitis to pyelonephritis, and may result in serious complications if not treated promptly. The incidence of UTI is high in females as compared to males. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in clinically diagnosed UTIs. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. The study included all patients with clinically diagnosed UTIs who underwent urine culture and sensitivity testing. The data collected from the medical records included age, gender, urine culture report, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Results: A total of 750 urine culture reports were analyzed. The majority of the patients were females (n=600, 80%). Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated (n=500, 66.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (n=100, 13.3%), Proteus spp. (n=70, 9.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=50, 6.7%). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (90%), amikacin (87%), and ceftriaxone (80%), while it was highly resistant to ampicillin (92%) and cotrimoxazole (85%). Klebsiella spp. showed high sensitivity to amikacin (87%) and ceftriaxone (80%), while it was highly resistant to ampicillin (92%) and cotrimoxazole (90%). Proteus spp. showed high sensitivity to ceftriaxone (87%) and amikacin (80%), while it was highly resistant to ampicillin (97%) and cotrimoxazole (90%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high sensitivity to amikacin (80%) and ceftriaxone (70%), while it was highly resistant to ampicillin (98%) and cotrimoxazole (90%).Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated in clinically diagnosed UTIs. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed that nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftriaxone were effective antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]