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Background: The incidence of Thyroid dysfunction in diabetics is higher than that of general population. Undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction may affect the metabolic control and enhance cardiovascular and other chronic complications in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common disease in the world and is acquiring epidemic Proportions in developed and developing countries. Indians are genetically more susceptible to diabetes. The prevalence of Type 2DM is on the rise much more rapidly, which is due to increasing obesity and reduced activity levels. Several studies have assessed the relationship between thyroid function and micro-vascular complications in patients with T2DM. Few studies have examined the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: To study the association between TSH levels and microvascular complications of Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 type 2 diabetes patients (40 males and 60females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were evaluated for neuropathy, thyroid function, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic kidney disease. TSH was divided into 3 levels: 0.27-2.49 mU/l, 2.5-4.2 mU/l and >4.2mU/l and <10 mU/l with normal FT4 Results: Our study found statistically positive association of elevated TSH and microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, low GFR and impaired vibration sensation. Our study found no association between elevated TSH and age, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels and retinopathy. Conclusion: In our study we could not establish an association between TSH levels and diabetic Retinopathy. However, we found an association between elevated TSH levels and Diabetic Neuropathy and DKD. Hence it is ideal to screen all patients with Diabetes for Thyroid dysfunction, as elevated TSH levels in these patients can be an indicator of underlying micro-vascular complications. However, more research, involving more subjects is required with regard to the above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypothyroidism is usually a progressive disease impacting almost all the bodily functions. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed when low levels of the thyroid hormones result in elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), whereas subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is diagnosed when TSH levels are elevated above the upper limit of the assay reference range with normal thyroid hormone levels. As the heart is the main target of thyroid hormone activity, hypothyroidism may precipitate or aggravate heart failure, influencing heart rate and blood pressure (BP) while increasing cardiovascular (CV) stiffness and also cardiomegaly. Subclinical hypothyroidism can cause changes in cardiovascular function same as observed in overt hypothyroidism there by indicating that cardiac effects progress from subclinical disease through overt hypothyroidism. Aims and objectives: To study the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on clinical, biochemical and cardiac profile in the patients aged between 18 to 80 years in tertiary care centre. Materials and methodology: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of General Medicine by recruiting the patients aged between 18 to 80 years, willing to give consent and are newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism patients among in-patients and out-patients attending Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital. Results: Out of 100 patients included in our study, 74 patients were found to be at lower risk, 26 patients at intermediate and high risk. . Age, Obesity and Co-morbid conditions has significant positive association with the CVS risk. Moderately significant changes were observed in the ECG and 2D Echo changes among the patients with high-risk category than those with low and intermediate risk. Conclusion: All the study subjects were at risk of developing cardiovascular complication in their future based on the Framingham Risk Score. Although, the incidence of SCH was found to be common among young age group, the CVS risk score was increased with the age. Hence, we advocate that all the patients diagnosed with SCH must be screened for CVS risk assessment to initiate the early treatment and avoid the further complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]