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Abstract : Through integrated molecular and biochemical investigations and by using a common mutant line in molecular mapping, we have shown that the SSIIa gene, previously reported to be responsible for the starch granule gelatinization temperature (GT) differences between indica and japonica rice varieties, might also control the GT variations among certain indica varieties. This effect is mediated through differences in the amounts of SSIIa protein bound to starch granules leading to differences in the structure of amylopectin molecules synthesized. For the first time it was shown, that the amylopectin type accounted only for the GT differences between varieties with different SSIIa alleles, but not between varieties carrying a common SSIIa allele. In the latter case, another gene, alk2(t), with a genetic distance of 3.93cM from the Wx gene, was identified as being responsible for the GT variations. Based on the thermal properties and amylopectin chain length profile characteristics, it is postulated that the SSIIa gene has at least three different alleles, one in japonica rice and two in indica rice varieties, whereas alk2(t) has at least two alleles for either low or high GT. Thus, the rich diversity of the GT character in rice very probably results from various combinations of these alleles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]