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Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of 8-hydrogen-1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-enium imidazolide ([HDBU]IM) and 8-butyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-enium imidazolide ([BDBU]IM) ionic liquids (ILs) with water were measured at temperatures from T = (293.15 to 313.15) K. Excess molar volumes V E and viscosity deviations Δ η of the mixtures were calculated to study the intermolecular interactions and structural factors between ILs and water. The results show that the V E values of the two mixtures are negative over the whole composition range, while the Δ η values have positive deviations, indicating that the hydrogen bonding interactions between IL and water are dominant in the mixtures. Moreover, the absolute values of V E (| V E |) of {[HDBU]IM (1) + H 2 O (2)} system are larger than those of {[BDBU]IM (1) + H 2 O (2)} system at the same condition, indicating that the hydrogen bonding interactions between [HDBU]IM and water are stronger than those between [BDBU]IM and water. Both | V E | and Δ η values of the mixtures decrease with the increasing temperature, resulting from the decreasing the hydrogen bonding interactions between IL and water. Other derived properties of the studied systems, such as the apparent molar volumes, partial molar volumes, excess partial molar volumes, Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow were also calculated from the experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities and viscosities of the pure ionic liquid 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine imidazole ([TMG]IM) and its binary mixtures with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol were measured at temperatures from T = (293.15 to 313.15) K. The thermal expansion coefficient, molecular volume, standard entropy, and lattice energy of [TMG]IM were obtained from the experimental density value. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of [TMG]IM was fitted to the fluidity equation. Excess molar volumes V E and viscosity deviations Δ η of the binary mixtures were calculated and fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation with satisfactory results. The result shows that the V E values of the binary mixtures are negative over the whole composition range, while Δ η values have an S-shape deviation. Temperature has little effect on the V E of the systems, but it has significant effect on the Δ η . Furthermore, the absolute values of V E for {[TMG]IM (1) + alcohol (2)} systems at the same temperature decrease with increasing carbon alkyl chain of the primary alcohol. Other derived properties, such as the apparent molar volumes, partial molar volumes, excess partial molar volumes, Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow of the above-mentioned systems were also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, densities and viscosities of aqueous solution of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine imidazolide ([TMG]IM) ionic liquid were measured at temperatures from T = (293.15 to 313.15) K. Volumetric properties including excess molar volumes V E , apparent molar volumes, partial molar volumes, and excess partial molar volumes were calculated from the experimental density. Viscosity deviations Δ η , Gibbs energy and excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow were deduced from the viscosity. Moreover, electrical conductivities κ and refractive indices of binary mixtures of [TMG]IM with water and alcohols were determined at 298.15 K. The results show that V E values of {[TMG]IM (1) + water (2)} mixture are negative over the whole composition range, while Δ η and refractive index deviations Δ n D values exhibit positive deviations, indicating that the hydrogen bonding interaction between [TMG]IM and water is dominant. The absolute values of V E and Δ η of the mixture decrease with the increasing temperature. The V E , Δ η , and Δ n D can be fitted by the Redlich–Kister equation with satisfactory results. The concentration-dependent κ of the studied systems are fitted to Casteel–Amis equation, showing that the κ values of {[TMG]IM (1) + water (2)} mixture are much higher than those of {[TMG]IM (1) + ethanol (2)} mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]