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Varietal control to avoid unwanted varietal mixtures is an important objective for the nursery plant industry. In this study, we have developed and analyzed the capabilities of a computer vision system based on deep learning for the control of plant varieties in the nursery plant industry and for evaluating its capabilities. For this purpose, three datasets of nursery plant images were compared. The datasets came from two varieties of almond trees (Prunus dulcis) named Soleta and Pentacebas. Each dataset contained images with three different scales: whole plant, leaf, and venation. The Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad‐CAM) technique was used to unveil the most important features to discriminate between both varieties. The three datasets provided classification accuracies above 97% in the test set, being the leaf dataset, with a 98.8% accuracy, the one providing the best results. Concerning the most important features of the plants, the Grad‐CAM showed that they are located in the center of the leaf, that is, the venation. In conclusion, we have shown that computer vision is a promising technique for the control of plant varietal mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer vision coupled to deep learning is a promising technique with multiple applications in the industry. In this work, the potential of this technique has been assessed in the classification of two varieties of almond trees (Prunus dulcis), Soleta and Pentacebas. For that, a convolutional neural network named VGG16 was used. The most appropriate configuration for model training was studied, which included the comparison between two different filling modes (reflect and nearest) in the data augmentation step, the evaluation of the batch size and the analysis of the image sizes. The robustness of the model was also checked, and information was obtained about how the model extracts the information from the images. The results showed that the reflect fill mode was more effective than the nearest one. The best results were obtained using batches with 30 and 40 images, with an image size of (224 × 224) pixels. The verification of the robustness proved the capability of the technique as a promising tool for plant varietal identification. Computer vision and deep learning are promising techniques with multiples usage in the industry. In this work, it was assessed the potential of this technique to classify two varieties of almond trees (Prunus dulcis), Soleta and Pentacebas. To reach that, it was studied the most suitable model configuration, then the robustness of the technique was evaluated. We demonstrate the capability of the computer vision together deep learning as an interesting tool for varietal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]