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Parents are key actors in all aspects of children's involvement in organized sport. Further, parental behavior can have both adverse and positive effects on children's enjoyment and retention in sport. In this study we collected epidemiological information to better understand parental behavior at junior sport and to identify the family, contextual, and sporting-related factors that contribute to parental reactions at children's sporting events. Parents (N = 1418) of Australian Junior Rugby League players (aged 8–16 years) completed an anonymous online survey comprising questionnaire measures of parental spectator behavior and emotional reactions, parenting practices, emotional wellbeing and child behavior. Fathers (N = 401) were more likely than mothers (N = 1016) to report engaging in inappropriate spectator behavior and to have negative emotional reactions at their child's rugby league games. Fathers also identified more highly with rugby league as a sport, placed more importance on winning and had more competitive attitudes, compared to mothers. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that ineffective and controlling parenting, parental emotional wellbeing, and competitive attitudes were key predictors of mothers' inappropriate spectator behavior and their negative emotional reactions. For fathers, controlling parenting, competitive attitudes, and beliefs about winning, independently predicted their spectator behavior, while their emotional wellbeing and investment in rugby league were additional independent predictors of negative emotional reactions. These findings have important implications for designing intervention strategies that maximize positive parental involvement in junior sport, including the development of sports policy and universal interventions to address disruptive and counterproductive parental behavior. Highlights: Fathers compared to mothers reported higher engagement in inappropriate behaviors and negative emotional reactions at their children's sporting events. Mothers and fathers reported similar and different sport parenting behaviors. Fathers reported more importance on winning, more competitive attitudes, and identified more highly with rugby league as a sport. Ineffective and controlling parenting, parental emotional wellbeing, and competitive attitudes were key predictors of mothers' inappropriate spectator behavior and their negative emotional reactions. For fathers, controlling parenting, competitive attitudes, and beliefs about winning, independently predicted their spectator behavior, while their emotional wellbeing and investment in rugby league were additional independent predictors of negative emotional reactions. These findings can inform the development of sports policy and universal interventions to address disruptive and counterproductive parental behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in evidence-based parenting programs benefits parents and children, but these programs have limited reach. This study utilized a mixed-method design to investigate the parenting concerns and parenting program needs of Chinese immigrant parents in New Zealand. Parents (n = 159) were surveyed about their perceived levels of child adjustment problems, parenting confidence, and parenting risk and protective factors. Parents' knowledge and experience with parenting programs, and their program preferences were also examined. Eight Chinese parenting practitioners were interviewed about parenting challenges, parental concerns, and barriers to program participation of Chinese immigrant parents. Survey results showed that parents who gave their child higher ratings on behavior problems reported less parental self-efficacy, and more parental adjustment, family relationship, teamwork, and parenting difficulties. Parents' knowledge and experience of available parenting programs was low. Barriers to program participation included time constraints, lack of program awareness, cultural and language barriers, and no childcare provision. Parents indicated a preference for a range of delivery options including group-based, seminar, and individually tailored programs. Program features most likely to influence attendance were content that addresses personally relevant issues and children's self-development (such as coping with failure, managing negative emotions, and increasing confidence), and convenient location of program. Practitioners indicated that managing difficult child behavior and maintaining positive parent-child relationships were key parenting challenges. These concerns were linked to cultural expectations about child obedience, academic performance, and parent/grandparent relationships. Findings highlight program preferences that could be offered to meet Chinese immigrant parenting support needs and increase program participation. Highlights: Parents and practitioners highlighted challenges, concerns, and needs of Chinese immigrant parents. Parents who gave higher child behavior problems ratings reported more parenting and family relationship difficulties. Identified parenting program, delivery, and content options that could meet Chinese immigrant parenting support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents play a key role in establishing a healthy home environment. This randomised controlled trial examined the efficacy of a low-intensity parenting intervention (three 2-hour Lifestyle Triple P-Positive Parenting Program Seminars) for parents who are concerned about or interested in learning more about healthy lifestyle behaviours for children. Parents of 160 children aged 3–10 years were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Primary outcomes of parenting practices, child lifestyle-specific and general behaviour and parent self-efficacy were assessed via parent self-report. Secondary outcomes included child BMI z-score, a food diary measuring energy intake, physical activity levels measured by accelerometers and parent reported time spent on screen-based activities. Assessment occurred at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-months after completion. At 12-months post-intervention, intent-to-treat analyses found a significant intervention effect on overall ineffective parenting, lifestyle-specific and general parenting confidence. Child lifestyle problem behaviours reduced, with no effects on general child behaviour. On the secondary exploratory outcomes, time spent watching television reduced with no other significant effects detected. Parents viewed the intervention as high-quality and acceptable. A brief parenting program aiming to promote healthy lifestyles for all families offers promise for improving parenting skills and child lifestyle behaviour. Highlights: First efficacy trial of 3 × 2-hour Lifestyle Triple P Seminar Series for parents. Intervention effects on parent-report child lifestyle-specific but not general behaviours. Intervention effects on parent-report parent self-efficacy and parenting style. Limited effects on secondary exploratory outcome measures. Brief large-group seminar series deemed high-quality and acceptable to parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies examined the change in self-efficacy of practitioners after attending Triple P training and the moderators that affect training outcomes. Study 1 used a large multidisciplinary sample of health, education, and welfare practitioners (N = 37,235) came from 30 countries around the world, which all participate in a Triple P professional training course during 2012–2019. This study assessed practitioners' overall self-efficacy and their consultation skills efficacy prior to training, immediately following training, and at six- to eight-weeks follow-up. Participants reported significant improvements of their overall self-efficacy and their consultation skills self-efficacy. There were significantly small differences based on practitioners' gender, disciplines, education levels, and country location. Study 2 examined the training outcomes of videoconference-based training (following the COVID-19 pandemic) compared to in-person training (N = 6867). No significant differences were found between videoconference and in-person training on any outcome measure. Implications for the global dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs as part of a comprehensive public health response to COVID-19 was discussed. Highlights: This manuscript examined the change of practitioners' self-efficacy throughout the course of Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) system professional training via the presentation of two studies. Study 1 used a large multidisciplinary sample of practitioners (N = 37,235) from 30 countries worldwide. Study 2 examined the training outcomes on practitioners' self-efficacy comparing between videoconference-based training (following COVID-19 pandemic) and in-person training (N = 6867). In both studies, practitioners reported a significant change in their self-efficacy to deliver the Triple P program with their clients. Significant but small differences were observed between gender, educational levels, disciplines and countries of delivering (English speaking or non-English speaking). No significant differences were found between videoconference and in-person training on any outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although parents of siblings play a crucial role in the development of both the positive and negative aspects of their children's relationships, relatively few parenting programs specifically target sibling conflict alongside sibling warmth. To bridge this gap, the current study reports the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial evaluating a brief parenting intervention focusing on improving sibling relationships. A total of 74 parents reporting concerns about sibling conflict were randomized to either the Triple P brief discussion group intervention condition (n = 37) or the waitlist control condition (n = 37). Parents were predominately Caucasian, female, from a middle-income background. Parents completed a range of self-report measures examining the quality of the sibling relationship, parenting practices, family functioning, and child emotional and behavioral problems. Across treatment groups, participants showed improvements on almost all measures of sibling conflict, sibling warmth, child emotional and behavioral problems, parenting practices, and parenting confidence. Participants in the treatment group also experienced a greater reduction in the amount of help they wanted to manage sibling warmth, relative to participants in the control group. These results suggest that a low-intensity parenting intervention may only have a small effect on improving sibling relationships. Additional research is needed to determine how to broaden program efficacy for sibling conflict and parental adjustment, for families from diverse levels of income and family composition. Trial registration: ANZCTR 365567. Highlights: Sibling relationships that are more strongly positive than negative may support child, parent and family wellbeing. To date, no evidence-based parenting program has promoted positive sibling relationships while decreasing sibling conflict. A brief discussion group was developed within the Triple P system to target warmth and agonism in sibling relationships. A randomized control trial revealed an improvement in parent-reported warmth in the sibling relationship, but not agonism. Intervention effectiveness may be further explored with more diverse samples and multi-informant measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research, in Western countries, links parental mood and parenting styles with child outcomes including emotional and behavioural adjustment. However, the effects of cultural differences, particularly between Australia and Indonesia on such linkages have not been adequately addressed in the existing literature. This cross-cultural study aims to examine the relationship between perceived parental mood, parenting styles, and child emotional and behavioural adjustment among both Australian and Indonesian parents. Using an online survey, a total of 436 parents (125 Australian and 311 Indonesian parents) with at least one typically developing child between the age of 3 and 9 years participated in this descriptive, exploratory study. Results indicated that in comparison to Australian parents, Indonesian participants reported greater anxiety symptoms, lower levels of depression, and more use of an authoritarian style in parenting. Similar patterns in the associations of observed variables were found between different cultural groups. High levels of parental stress and less use of authoritative parenting were revealed to be predictors of child emotional and behavioural problems while the authoritative parenting style was the predictor for child competencies within both cultures. This study provides evidence for the inconsistency between cultural preference in parenting style and the predicted factors for child outcomes. Highlights: This is one of the few studies that directly compares parenting across a Western (Australian) and an Asian (Indonesian) culture. Despite cultural differences, the high use of authoritative parenting and low use of authoritarian parenting styles were associated with higher child competencies in both Australia and Indonesia parenting. Indonesian parents were more likely to use authoritarian parenting than Australian parents but also reported lower levels of depressive symptomatology. This suggests a cultural difference in the association between parenting style and depressive symptoms. Parent's poor parental moods (depression and anxiety) are consistently associated with parenting styles and child adjustment within Western cultures; however, the links are less clear for Asian countries potentially due to cultural acceptance of and high use of authoritarian parenting. Culturally differences and norms play a role in parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting self-regulation is increasingly recognised as an important facet of positive parenting, as it allows parents to manage their thoughts, behaviours, emotions and attention in order to effectively carry out parenting tasks. Evidence-based parenting programmes such as the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program aim to increase parenting self-regulation by teaching parents a range of skills and strategies to deal with everyday parenting. Despite the importance of self-regulation within the field of parenting, few measures assessing this construct are available. The current investigation aims to add to existing literature by evaluating the measurement properties of a brief and parsimonious measure of self-regulation for both parents and parenting practitioners, the Parenting Self-Regulation Scales (PSRS)—Parent and Practitioner versions. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses gave support for a single-factor model for the parent version, and this was confirmed in the practitioner version. Both versions demonstrated excellent internal consistency and hypothesis testing supported the construct validity of both scales. The results indicate that the PSRS is a promising brief measure of parenting self-regulation for parents and practitioners which could prove useful to both clinical work and research in the parenting field. Highlights: Evaluated measurement properties of a 12-item brief measure of self-regulation for parents and practitioners delivering parenting programmes. Factor analyses supported a single-factor structure, and both scales displayed excellent internal consistency. Parent version can be used with parents to assess parental self-regulation in parenting. Practitioner version can be used to assess practitioners' self-regulation in delivering parenting programmes. Both versions of the measure displayed convergent and concurrent validity for use with the targeted populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We report an investigation into processes of change in a randomized controlled trial of Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for families of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In comparison with the control group, the SSTP-only group showed improvements in child behavior problems and emotional symptoms and the SSTP-plus-ACT group showed benefits in child behavior problems, child hyperactivity, dysfunctional parenting styles, child functional performance in the mobility domain, child quality of life, and parental adjustment. Methods: Sixty-seven parents of children with CP were randomly allocated to one of three groups: waitlist control, SSTP-only and SSTP-plus-ACT groups. We investigated three potential processes of change: parenting style, parental attitude to child emotion, and parental psychological flexibility. We used bootstrapping to perform the mediation analysis. Results: Contrary to the existing literature, we find that neither dysfunctional parenting styles nor parental attitude to child emotion were significant mediators of the intervention effect on child behavior and adjustment. Consistent with existing literature, we find that psychological flexibility mediates the intervention effect on dysfunctional parenting styles (overreactivity confidence interval [CI] = −0.4750 to −0.115) and parental adjustment (depressive symptoms CI = −6.5641 to −0.5922; stress CI = −6.0546 to −0.4195). Conclusions: Overall, our findings support the conclusion that ACT makes a unique contribution to parenting intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (00336291). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for better access to evidence-based parenting interventions is widely recognized, as few families actually participate in parenting programs. A public health approach that includes the delivery of parenting information via the Internet could increase the reach of such interventions dramatically. However, there are concerns that web-based information is not accessible by families that face the greatest barriers to accessing 'traditional' face-to-face parenting support, and therefore could benefit most from online approaches. This study used a cross-sectional survey of 459 Australian parents of 2-12 year olds to investigate parents' use of the Internet to access parenting information, and the extent to which this information is useful for parents from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. Results indicate that the majority of parents use parenting websites (65 %) and social media (45 %) for parenting information. Users of parenting websites tended to be parents of younger children. Younger age of the child was also associated with using social media, as was younger parental age, being female, not working and spending more hours online. Parents rated a range of modalities as useful for receiving parenting information, particularly seminars and individually tailored programs. Self-directed web-based programs were endorsed by 61 % of respondents. Higher-risk parents were as likely or more likely to endorse web-based information sources as lower-risk parents. As there was almost equal access to online parenting information among families from different backgrounds, we conclude that the Internet provides an exciting opportunity for delivering evidence-based parenting support to a broad range of parents, including higher-risk families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to examine one family's experience with the parenting intervention Baby Triple P for parents of a very preterm infant. The family was in the intervention group of a large randomized controlled trial. At baseline, 6-weeks corrected-age and 12-months corrected-age, both parents were assessed for depression as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and subjective stress as measured by the Impact of Event Scale. At 6-weeks corrected-age and 12-months corrected-age, the mother was assessed for maternal self-efficacy as measured by the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale, attachment as measured by the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale, responsiveness as measured by the Maternal Infant Responsiveness Instrument, and the quality of the mother-infant relationship as measured by the Emotional Availability Scales. Results at baseline showed the mother was at risk for depression and was experiencing a moderate level of subjective stress, while the father was experiencing a mild level of subjective stress. After the Baby Triple P intervention, the mother's Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale scores and the father's Impact of Event Scale score had dropped to within the normal range at 6-weeks corrected-age, and were maintained at 12-months corrected-age. The mother also indicated she experienced greater levels of self-efficacy, attachment, responsiveness, and the quality of the relationship with her infant. Both parents rated that they were very satisfied with the Baby Triple P program on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. This study indicated that the Baby Triple P intervention may be beneficial for some families with a very preterm infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined intervention outcomes for mothers and their preterm infants. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the parenting intervention Baby Triple P (BTP) for parents' of very preterm infants (<32-weeks gestational age), on the quality of the mother-infant relationship and a mother's attachment and responsiveness to her infant at 6-weeks and 12-months corrected-age. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 families being randomly assigned to the BTP or Care as Usual groups. The primary outcome was the quality of the mother-very preterm infant relationship which was evaluated in a mother-infant observation and measured by the Emotional Availability Scales. Secondary outcomes were maternal attachment as measured by the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale and maternal responsiveness as measured by the Maternal Infant Responsiveness Instrument. The results showed that at 6-weeks corrected-age, no significant differences were found between groups on the outcome measures. At 12-months corrected-age, the Care as Usual mothers scored significantly higher for self-reported maternal attachment compared to the BTP mothers. This study found no evidence that BTP improved the quality of the mother-very preterm infant relationship, maternal attachment or responsiveness at 6-weeks corrected-age or 12-months corrected-age. Results will be examined at 24-months corrected-age to determine if BTP impacts on child behavior, emotional problems, cognitive development, language and motor abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based interventions often include quality improvement methods to support fidelity and improve client outcomes. Clinical supervision is promoted as an effective way of developing practitioner confidence and competence in delivery; however, supervision is often inconsistent and embedded in hierarchical line management structures that may limit the opportunity for reflective learning. The Peer Assisted Supervision and Support (PASS) supervision model uses peer relationships to promote the self-regulatory capacity of practitioners to improve intervention delivery. The aim of the present study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of PASS amongst parenting intervention practitioners. A Q-methodology approach was used to generate data and 30 practitioners volunteered to participate in the study. Data were analyzed and interpreted using standard Q-methodology procedures and by-person factor analysis yielded three factors. There was consensus that PASS was acceptable. Participants shared the view that PASS facilitated an environment of support where negative aspects of interpersonal relationships that might develop in supervision were not evident. Two factors represented the viewpoint that PASS was also a feasible model of supervision. However, the third factor was comprised of practitioners who reported that PASS could be time consuming and difficult to fit into existing work demands. There were differences across the three factors in the extent to which practitioners considered PASS impacted on their intervention delivery. The findings highlight the importance of organizational mechanisms that support practitioner engagement in supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several international organizations have suggested the need for disseminating existing evidence-based parenting interventions into low-resource settings of the world in order to prevent societal difficulties such as violence. Before dissemination efforts take place, it is important to examine the fit of existing interventions in these contexts. In the present study, 80 practitioners from low-resource communities in Panama, Central America, were surveyed in order to explore their views on materials, principles and strategies of an evidence-based parenting program, the Triple P Positive Parenting Program. This study is part of a larger project in which cultural relevance was also explored from parents' perspective, instruments were translated and validated, and a RCT was carried out to determine efficacy. Practitioners in the present study were psychologists, teachers, social workers and learning disability specialists based in school settings. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and regression analyses were carried out in order to determine whether socio-demographic variables predicted acceptability scores. Scores for cultural relevance and usefulness of the program were high. A sample of material was found to be interesting, familiar, and acceptable. All practitioners (100 %) expressed a need to implement a parenting program in their community. Only being female and greater hours of consultation per week were associated with greater acceptability. These results have the potential to inform implementation efforts in Panama and the study offers a methodology which can be used to explore the relevance of other programs in other low-resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facilitative parenting (FP) supports the development of children's social and emotional competence and effective peer relationships. Previous research has shown that FP discriminates between children bullied by peers from children who are not bullied, according to reports of teachers. This study investigates the association between FP and children's social, emotional and behavioral problems, over and above the association with dysfunctional parenting (DP). 215 parents of children aged 5-11 years completed questionnaires about parenting and child behavior, and children and teachers completed measures of child bullying victimization. As predicted, FP accounted for variance in teacher reports of children's bullying victimization as well as parent reports of children's social and emotional problems and prosocial behavior better than that accounted for by DP. However for children's reports of peer victimization the whole-scale DP was a better predictor than FP. Contrary to predictions, FP accounted for variance in conduct problems and hyperactivity better than DP. When analyses were replicated substituting subscales of dysfunctional and FP, a sub-set of FP subscales including Warmth, Supports Friendships, Not Conflicting, Child Communicates and Coaches were correlated with low levels of problems on a broad range of children's adjustment problems. Parent-child conflict accounted for unique variance in children's peer victimization (teacher report), peer problems, depression, emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity. The potential relevance of FP as a protective factor for children against a wide range of adjustment problems is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a systems-contextual perspective on implementation of evidence-based parenting programs highlights the wide variety of factors that influence program use in real-world settings. These factors are often identified through quantitative survey methods of facilitators and barriers to program use. What is more difficult to capture is the history of how program use unfolds over time and what variables influence the course of implementation in natural settings. In order to capture this perspective, a qualitative study was conducted with 69 community-based service providers who had been trained previously in an evidence-based parenting intervention (Triple P-Positive Parenting Program) but who were not receiving external implementation support outside of access to program materials for parents. Face to face interviews were conducted to capture the course of provider interaction with and use of the intervention from initial training to the time of the interview 2-3 years later. The qualitative analysis uncovered a variety of themes relevant to understanding the complex interplay of factors that impact program use. These themes provide a rich source of data for future directions in implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survey ( n = 161) and focus group ( n = 15) methods were used to collect data from a community sample of New Zealand fathers about their knowledge and experience with parenting programs, and their preferences for program content, features, and delivery methods. The prevalence of perceived child behavioral and emotional difficulties, parenting risk and protective factors, fathers' parenting confidence, and the family and personal correlates of father preferences were also examined. Survey results showed that fathers' knowledge and experience of available parenting programs was low. The topics rated most highly by fathers to include in a program were building a positive parent-child relationship, increasing children's confidence and social skills, and the importance of fathers to children's development. Fathers' most preferred program delivery methods were father only group programs, individually-tailored programs, and a range of low intensity options, including seminar, television series, and web-based. Program features most likely to influence father attendance were demonstrated program effectiveness, location of sessions, practitioner training, and that content addressed personally relevant issues. Fathers' level of education, stress and depression, and perceptions of child behaviour difficulty were linked to program content and delivery preferences. New insights were gained from focus group participants about messages to include in program advertisements and program content to emphasise in order to engage fathers. Findings highlight a variety of program and delivery options that could be offered to meet a range of father parenting support needs, including concerns about coping with specific child behaviours and emotions, and managing personal and parenting stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A culturally sensitive approach needs to be adopted in disseminating evidence-based preventive programs internationally, and very little is known about effective dissemination into low-resource settings such as low and middle income countries. Following guidelines on optimizing the fit of evidence-based parenting programs worldwide, a cultural relevance study was conducted in Panama, Central America. Parents (N = 120) from low-resource communities were surveyed to explore cultural relevance of material from the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Intention to participate and views on delivery formats and program features were also examined. Descriptive statistics and regressions were carried out to analyze the results. Parents found program materials highly relevant and reported that they would be willing to participate in a program if one was offered. A large proportion of the sample expressed a preference for self-directed formats such as books, articles and brochures (77.6 %). Regression analyses suggested that most parents considered material as relevant, interesting and useful, regardless of other factors such as socio-economic status, gender, the level of child behavioral difficulties, parental stress, parental confidence and expectations of future behavioral problems. The study provides a potential approach for dissemination of research and offers an insight into the needs and preferences of a particular segment of the world's population-parents in low-resource settings. Strategies for meeting the needs and preferences of these parents in terms of service delivery are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transparent research process is needed to promote professional and public confidence in findings arising from trials on parenting and family interventions. Findings from studies that involve developers in testing psychosocial interventions have come under criticism for potential bias attributed to financial conflicts of interest (COI) and inconsistent disclosure of such interests. Using Triple P as an example, this paper discusses how program developers can effectively manage the COI disclosure process to promote greater transparency and thereby strengthen the confidence of researchers, practitioners, policy makers and the general public in the efficacy of an intervention. Developer-involved and independent evaluations have a complementary role in building the empirical base for evidence-based interventions. The challenges developers, non-developer evaluators, and journal editors face in managing COI are discussed and possible solutions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being bullied at school has serious mental health consequences for children. Whole school interventions have made only modest reductions in bullying. Particular parenting behaviors have been associated with an increased likelihood of individual children being targeting for bullying at school. There is also evidence that parenting impacts on the development of child social competence, emotional control and friendships, which have all been found to affect a child's risk of being targeted for bullying. This study explores the relationship between facilitative parenting (defined as parenting which supports the development of children's social skills and relationships with peers), children's peer relationships, and being bullied at school. We examine whether facilitative parenting and a child's social relationships with peers discriminate between children who are bullied at school or not bullied, according to teachers. 215 children aged 5-12 years and their parents completed measures of children's social behavior and peer relationships and facilitative parenting. The results showed that facilitative parenting discriminated between children who were bullied or not by peers. Bullied children had poorer peer relationships and endorsed more reactive aggression in response to hypothetical situations of peer provocation than their non-bullied peers. We discuss the implications for the development and trialing of family interventions for children bullied by peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting interventions based on social learning principles are amongst the most effective interventions available to prevent and manage social, emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. The most successful programs employ active skills training methods (modeling, rehearsal, practice, feedback and homework) to teach new parenting skills. However, effective parent consultation also involves a broader range of interpersonal and process skills such as building a collaborative relationship, facilitating parent receptivity to new ideas or skills, managing within session resistance, and important micro skills associated with clinical tasks such as promoting parents self-regulation, independent problem solving and autonomy. This paper aims to articulate the 'hidden' technology of effective parent consultation and identify implications for research on mechanisms of change in parenting interventions and practitioner training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infants born very preterm are at risk of developmental and behavioural problems and their parents are at risk of psychological distress and compromised parenting. This study has two key aims: (1) to identify, from the parents' own perspective, the unique aspects of parenting an infant born very preterm and (2) to assess parent preferences for support including opinions of a new, tailored parenting intervention, Prem Baby Positive Parenting Program (Triple P). A qualitative approach was taken with focus groups of 18 parents of infants born preterm and a thematic analysis conducted. Parents identified several unique aspects of parenting an infant born preterm including: difficulty coping with the stress of hospitalisation; institutionalisation to the hospital environment; a lack of preparation for the transition to parenthood; grief; isolation; getting into 'bad parenting habits' of overnurturance and a lack of certainty about developmental expectations. Parents preferred parenting support that is tailored to parents of infants born preterm, has flexible delivery, enhances coping skills and the spousal relationship and is sensitive to the emotional context of parenting an infant born preterm. Understanding the experiences and the preferences of parents of infants born preterm is an important step in tailoring parenting interventions to fit their needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a paucity of research considering the effect of behavioral family intervention (BFI) on parenting knowledge and the relative importance of both knowledge and parent confidence in reducing parenting dysfunction and problematic child behavior is unclear. In this study ninety-one parents (44 mothers, 47 fathers) of children aged 2-10 years completed an evidence-based BFI and were assessed at pre and post-intervention on knowledge of effective parenting strategies, parenting confidence, parent dysfunction, and reported intensity of externalised child behavior. Results showed that at pre-intervention parents higher in education ( N = 57) demonstrated greater knowledge than those lower in education ( N = 34). Relative to baseline, parents in both groups significantly improved their knowledge and confidence, reduced their dysfunction and reported less externalised child behavior. Effect sizes for the latter two variables were similar for both groups, however for parents higher in education the effect for confidence was larger than knowledge. Change in level of dysfunction explained the largest amount of unique variance in change to externalised child behavior. Results suggest that for optimal outcomes for parenting and child behavior management more knowledgeable parents may benefit from interventions that focus on practice and consolidation of already learned skills in order to increase confidence whereas for less knowledgeable parents the teaching of new skills and strategies, alongside increasing confidence, are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grandparents provide a significant amount of child care to their grandchildren. However, there is limited research investigating whether grandparents would view a parenting program developed specifically for them as useful. Our study adopted a consumer focused perspective to program design and examined the challenges encountered by grandparents in their role as an informal child care provider. Focus groups were conducted with fourteen grandparents (11 females, 3 males) aged 45-76 years ( M = 60.14) the majority of whom provided 11-20 h of care per week to their grandchild. A thematic analysis indicated that grandparents have difficulty managing the relationship with the parents and remembering effective parenting strategies. In addition, grandparents also indicated wanting further strategies to cope with the stressors associated with the role, particularly surrounding feelings of frustration and guilt. These results suggest that grandparents could benefit from a parenting program and this paper argues that an existing evidence-based parenting program should be modified. In terms of implications for program design the inclusion of a module centered on improving grandparent-parent communication and partner support may buffer potential conflict and tension that can arise in co-parenting situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a group-based family intervention program known as the Group Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), with families in Japan. Reductions in children's behavioral problems, changes in dysfunctional parenting practices, and affects on parenting adjustment were examined. Participants of both the intervention and control groups (N = 91 and N = 24, respectively) were recruited from mothers visiting health clinics in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa. Intervention and control groups were assessed in terms of child behavior (Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, SDQ), parenting style (Parenting Scale, PS), and parenting adjustment (Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, DASS; and Parenting Experience Survey, PES), both pre- and postintervention. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the intervention's effects. The SDQ score for the conduct problems subscale indicated a significant intervention effect. In addition, the postintervention scores for all subscales of the PS, the DASS depression subscale and total scores, as well as ratings for perceived difficulty of parenting in the PES, were significantly reduced in the intervention group alone. The PES also revealed that confidence in parenting significantly increased only in the intervention group. Group Triple P is effective in decreasing child conduct problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, depression, anxiety, stress, and the perceived level of parenting difficulty, as well as in improving parenting confidence, among Japanese families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioural parenting programs are an effective intervention for behavioural and emotional problems in children, however these programs have low utilisation rates by culturally diverse parents. We examined the cultural acceptability of program materials, preferences for delivery methods, and barriers to use of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. One hundred and thirty seven parents watched a video outlining the 17 strategies in Triple P and read through a tip sheet before completing a series of questionnaires. Results revealed that parents found the strategies highly acceptable, highly useful, were very likely to use the strategies and reported currently using the strategies often. They also rated the program materials as very culturally appropriate and identified group, seminar, television, and individual as the most preferred delivery methods. Parents identified location and timing of services, financial cost, and competing work commitments as the most frequently cited barriers to accessing a parenting intervention. The findings of this study suggest that elements of parenting programs may not be contributing to the low rates of access among culturally diverse parents. These findings highlight the need for more research addressing variables that may contribute to increasing culturally diverse parents' access of behavioural parenting programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time out has been widely advocated as an effective parental discipline practice to reduce disruptive and oppositional child behaviour in young children. Despite evidence showing that the procedure is effective when used as part of a comprehensive positive parenting strategy it has not been uniformly accepted and critics have questioned its effectiveness and potentially adverse effects on the parent-child relationship. This paper examines the controversy surrounding the use of time out, discusses the criticisms levelled against it, and concludes that its judicious use in parent training programs is justified and is of benefit to many children with conduct problems. Factors that influence the effectiveness of time out and some contraindications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined variables associated with parental intention to participate in a parenting program viewed within a socio-ecological framework. In two metropolitan areas in Japan, 222 families voluntarily completed a series of questionnaires. A series of multiple regression analyses was used to evaluate the Socio-Ecological Predictor Model that was able to account for 50% of the variance associated with parental intention to participate in a parenting program. The most significant predictor in the model was program features, which accounted for 30% of the variance. It is important to consider program features that make it more likely that parents will engage positively in a parenting program. We discuss parental intention to participate in a parenting program as well as the limitations of the study and areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined two systems of assessing family interactions that are in common usage: a home based observation of free parent-child interaction and a clinic based observation of a structured mother-child problem solving discussion. Participants were 18 depressed, 27 conduct disordered and 16 comparison children and their mothers. Results indicated that: 1) these observations may yield very different data about child, and to a lesser extent, parent behavior, 2) parental affect in the clinic was related to their level of aversive behaviour in the home, 3) levels of both aversive and positive behavior for children and their mothers were correlated within each setting, 4) accuracy of diagnostic classifications made on the basis of the observational data were highest for comparison and conduct disordered children, but lowest for depressed children observed in the clinic, and 5) the inclusion of data on mothers' behavior increased classification accuracy for conduct disordered children only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented for the article "Is the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program Acceptable to Parents from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds?" by Alina Morawska, Matthew Sanders, Elizabeth Goadby et al., which appeared in a 2011 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Using Consumer Input to Tailor Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions to the Needs of Grandparents" by James N. Kirby and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a 2012 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Socio-Ecological Predictor Model of Parental Intention to Participate in Triple P-Positive Parenting Program" by Yuki Matsumoto, Kate Sofronoff and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a 2009 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Effectiveness of Group Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) in Changing Child Behavior, Parenting Style, and Parental Adjustment: An Intervention Study in Japan" by Takeo Fujiwara, Noriko Kato and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a 2011 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "The Effect of Behavioral Family Intervention on Knowledge of Effective Parenting Strategies" by Leanne Winter, Alina Morawska and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a 2012 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Using Father Preference Data to Increase Father Engagement in Evidence-Based Parenting Programs" by Tenille J. Frank, Louise J. Keown, Cassandra K. Dittman and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a previous issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Parenting and Prematurity: Understanding Parent Experience and Preferences for Support" by Koa Whittingham, Roslyn N. Boyd, Matthew R. Sanders and Paul Colditz, which appeared in a 2014 issue of the journal.

A correction is presented for the article "Population-Wide Parenting Intervention Training: Initial Feasibility" by Cheri J. Shapiro, Ronald J. Prinz and Matthew R. Sanders, which appeared in a 2008 issue of the journal.