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To study the nature of the comorbidity of tic disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), patients with tic disorder with or without ADHD were compared on the basis of clinical ratings and neuropsychologic tests. Seventy-eight children were involved in this study: 16 with tic disorder, 19 with comorbid tic disorder and ADHD, 21 with ADHD, and 22 normal controls. Rating scales for ADHD, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, were completed in clinical groups. To identify differences in neuropsychologic function among the four groups, the results of seven neuropsychologic tests of global cognitive abilities, attention, information-processing capacity, and fine motor skill were compared. On most behavioral and neuropsychologic tests, the tic disorder with ADHD and the ADHD groups demonstrated similar performance patterns and marked deficits compared with the tic disorder and the control groups, whereas in most of the attention tests, the ADHD group made more commission errors than the tic disorder with ADHD group. These findings suggest that the tic disorder with ADHD group has marked cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbance similar to the ADHD group, whereas the tic disorder group is more similar to the controls. The tic disorder with ADHD group might represent a true comorbidity of the two disorders. (J Child Neurol 2001;16:719-726).

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychiatric characteristics of children with Prader-Willi syndrome in Korea, focusing particularly on their behavioral problems and obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms. Fourteen patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, together with their parents, underwent a psychiatric interview and parent questionnaire consisting of a Child Behavior Checklist. Twenty-four patients with mental retardation and 45 normal students were selected as control groups. Compared with the normal control group, the rates of inclusion in the clinical range and the mean scores with regard to social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems, and total problems profiles were significantly higher ( P < .01) in the Prader-Willi syndrome group according to the results of the Child Behavior Checklist. Compared with the mental retardation group, there was a statistically significant ( P < .05) difference in the delinquent behavior profile. Comparing selected Child Behavior Checklist items related to obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms, the Prader-Willi syndrome group showed significantly more ( P < .05) compulsion, skin picking, and stealing than the mental retardation or normal control groups. These findings suggest that children with Prader-Willi syndrome in Korea have many behavioral problems, including obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms, needing proper psychiatric attention and treatment. This is the first study in Korea to evaluate the psychiatric and behavioral characteristics of children with Prader-Willi syndrome. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:134—138).