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To achieve its carbon peak and neutrality targets, China is in need of balancing environmental and economic sustainability; In addition, whether environmental regulations can gain economic dividends while protecting the environment is particularly important. Based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2012 to 2021, this study takes China's environmental fee-to-tax as a quasi-natural experiment, and adopts the difference-in-difference-in-differences model to evaluate the impact of environmental tax on enterprises' total factor productivity (ETFP). The results show that the environmental fee-to-tax significantly hinders the growth of ETFP. Further, this negative impact mainly stems from the fact that the reform prompts enterprises to choose strategic innovation and conduct greenwashing behavior. Furthermore, when considering enterprises' heterogeneity, we find that enterprises with large scale, high investment efficiency, state ownership, high market competitiveness and located in western regions are more resistant to policy shocks. This paper provides reliable empirical evidence and useful policy implications for further formulating environmental tax policies to accomplish the "win-win" goal for both the environment and the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The livability of a city, which includes social, economic, environmental, and other connotations, assumes a central role in determining the quality of life. Only when the city develops in a coordinated manner in these aspects can it truly build a sustainable urbanism. Current literature on urban livability show gaps in terms of its measurement and assessment, especially from a dynamic point of view. To address these gaps, in this paper we design an indicator system for measuring urban livability which is built upon a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature to our knowledge. Based on the indicator system, we build an agent-based simulation model on the NetLogo platform for urban livability which utilizes multi-source geographical data. In applying the model in our study case, Futian District, Shenzhen, the simulated livability scores are tested valid and robust, thus hinting its potentials for generalization. A further global sensitivity analysis on the simulation results reveals the first- and second-order factors' contribution structure to the overall livability score, which proves a useful tool in policy analysis. The simulation tools developed in this paper constitute a practical approach for sustainable development of cities in supporting governance policy evaluation and design, and the methodological framework offers a new scope for understanding the mechanisms of the making of urban livability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]