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This paper addresses the significant challenges faced by distribution system operators (DSOs) in competitive electricity markets due to uncertainties arising from electricity markets, electric vehicles (EVs), and conventional loads. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a pseudo-local reserve market between the DSO and EVs, which enables the DSO to integrate EV flexibility into the overall market framework while compensating for deviations in the conventional load across the wholesale electricity market. Furthermore, a two-stage framework is developed to facilitate the participation of EVs in electricity markets. In the first stage, the reserve capacity of EVs is integrated into the decision-making process for day-ahead bidding, taking into account uncertainties of the load and electricity. In the second stage, the day-ahead results are coordinated to enable the efficient dispatch of EVs for real-time market participation. To assess the efficacy of the proposed framework, a case study is conducted within a 31-node distribution system situated on a university campus located in Guangdong, China. This paper investigates the economic impact of load deviation constraints on EV reserves, revealing a penalty reduction of 3100 CNY for a daily reservation of 1000 EVs and a net profit increase of 1300 CNY for DSOs utilizing reserves. It further introduces a method for quantifying reserve capacity, enhancing DSO decision-making accuracy. • A pseudo-local reserve market is established considering EV's reserve potential. • Optimal bidding strategy for DSO in China's electricity markets is constructed. • A framework for EV coordinated V2G operation is developed. • The proposed method can limit load deviation cost for more profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization results in energy shortage and unreasonable energy metabolism structure. The goal of this research is to take Guangdong, China as a special case study to illustrate the influence of energy classification differences on the energy metabolism system. To do so, we introduced the concept of "urban metabolism", and treated sectors and energy flows as nodes and paths in a network model. We used the input output analysis to compile the physical input output table through the embodied energy element intensity. Building on this, we used ecological network analysis to quantify the urban metabolic processes and energy metabolism levels within the urban system. In addition, the alternative indicators are first introduced to explore the best alternative energy in various sectors to avoid a short-term energy crisis. In this paper, different energy groups are considered on the energy metabolism system, including all energy, primary energy, secondary energy and six specific energy, which will fill the research gap about the influence of energy classification on urban energy metabolism. It is found that the energy metabolism of Guangdong is now in the state of sub-health. The energy metabolism hierarchy atlas shows that the pulling force is hardly affected by the energy classification but the driving force is very sensitive, which further illustrate that producers can choose different energy according to their production structure. Facing the shortage of energy supply, the secondary energy with the highest substitutability of all energy value is the better alternative energy for advanced manufacturing sector (containing twelve industries such as Manufacture of transportation equipment and Manufacture of metal products). More specifically, the nonrenewable properties of primary energy make it particularly important to find the corresponding alternative energy. Heat is the best alternative energy for crude oil, while electricity is irreplaceable. It is expected that the results will provide scientific support to guide the reform of urban energy metabolic system in an attempt to coordinate the energy development strategy, improve the energy consumption structure and maintain energy security and stability. • An Energy Metabolism Network (EMN) model from a Guangdong perspective is developed. • Different energy types have a great impact on the level of energy metabolism. • The inherent mechanism of energy ecosystems are revealed by the energy hierarchy atlas. • In-depth analysis is conducted to investigate the energy interactions between different industries. • Scientific basis for supporting the formulation of the effective reform of urban energy metabolism system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Site selection is a key factor to the success of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) project. It is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem with a series of conflicting criteria involved. However, limited studies were found concerning this area and problems existing in classical MCDM methods tended to fail OTEC site selection decisions. Therefore, this paper proposes an extended MCDM method and establishes a new decision-making framework to select the optimal location. First, a comprehensive evaluation criteria system for OTEC site selection from the view of sustainability with 16 criteria involved is established. Second, feasible alternative sites for OTEC project are identified by PEST analysis. Third, an extended PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) under intuitionistic fuzzy environment is proposed to avoid compensation assumptions. During the decision process, seven groups of experts shared the work and cooperated with each other according to their backgrounds. Finally, a real case is studied and sensitive analysis is conducted, demonstrating the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method. This study can effectively improve OTEC site selection decision making quality and also extends the domains of intuitionistic fuzzy PROMETHEE applications. • A novel multi-criteria decision-making framework for site selection is proposed. • The criteria system for ocean thermal energy conversion site selection is constructed. • A case study is carried out in areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Manufacturing industry is an important part of economic development. Recognizing the sustainable development of regional manufacturing has an important guiding role in the formulation of environmental policies. Based on the meta-frontier Malmquist-Luenberger (MML) productivity index, this paper uses Chinese provincial panel data (2003–2015) to measure the green total factor productivity (TFP) of China's manufacturing. It is decomposed into the following: efficiency change (EC), change of the best practice gap ratio (BPC) and change of technical gap ratio (TGC). We compared the regional differences in green TFP growth in manufacturing in all provinces, analyzed regional and time differences in green TFP and the decomposition of manufacturing between regions and identified innovative regions. The results show that: (1) The average annual growth rate of green TFP in Chinese manufacturing is 0.85% with technological progress playing a key role. (2) There are differences in the causes of the increase in green TFP in all regions. The eastern region and the western region are driven by technological progress while the central region depends on technology catch-up effects. (3) Guangdong and Qinghai are two different types of global innovation regions with Guangdong driven by technological innovation and Qinghai driven by strict environmental protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community shared solar (CSS) program has great potentials in contributing to the complete decarbonization of the power sectors worldwide. Few research have focused on its potential diffusion from the user perspective. This paper fills the gap by conducting a survey-based unlabeled choice experiment in the Guangdong Province, China to investigate the determinants of potential users' willingness to participate in CSS programs. We analyzed the survey data using a random parameter logit model. Our results show that users are more likely to participate in CSS programs with lower upfront payment, trialability, shorter payback period, a public utility as provider and larger impact on climate change mitigation. However, they are likely to accept longer payback period in CSS programs with higher participation rate because of the potential benefit from interpersonal communication. Users' previous knowledge of CSS programs and income will also increase their willingness to participate in CSS programs with higher upfront payment. Our results provide important implications for designing policies and business models to promote the distributive renewable energy in China. • Community shared solar is widely accepted among surveyed individuals in our choice experiment. • The business model, and the ownership structure of community shared solar affect its potential adoption. • The interpersonal communication and public promotion of community shared solar program can increase its popularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the risk spillover effect between the carbon market and the stock market in China and the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on this effect. Employing Beijing, Hubei, and Guangdong carbon markets, we apply time-domain and frequency-domain spillover approaches and find that during the Chinese stock market crisis in 2015, risk spillovers from the stock market to the carbon market were more pronounced. Additionally, CSR firms are more dominant as information transmitters than those non-CSR (NCSR) firms in the carbon market. However, plausibly, due to the infancy of carbon trading, our results show that the level of connectedness between the carbon market and the stock market in China is relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new clean and sustainable energy that can reduce carbon emissions, offshore wind energy has received much more attention in recent years. In response to the complexity and flexibility issues in the decision-making process of offshore wind power investment, this paper proposes an investment decision framework based on a bidimensional binominal lattice that embeds deferral options, aiming to derive the appropriate development timing and investment potential for corporate investors in uncertain environment of market and technological development. And the investment model embedding revenue from carbon emission reduction highlights the advantages of clean energy. Furthermore, we creatively compare the policy effects of three subsidy schemes using the model as a policy analysis tool and use scenario analysis to simulate the impacts of dynamic adjustments in subsidies on investment decisions. For the case of an offshore wind power plant in Guangdong province, China, we find that the local government has to provide a subsidy of 0.11 CNY/kWh to allow the project to be profitable. In the absence of subsidies, however, it is preferable to defer the decision of investment with a wait-and-see attitude. Given the same total government financial input, we find that it will be more beneficial for the government to provide R&D subsidy than electricity tariff subsidy and operation subsidy in terms of long-term sustainable development. Our findings also demonstrate that considerations in the carbon trading market will also contribute to the development of offshore wind power. The conclusions of this article can provide valuable guidelines for corporate investors to adjust the appropriate development timing and for policymakers to optimize subsidy allocation, so as to promote the healthy development of offshore wind power and low-carbon transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The switch of coal to gas in power generation enterprises is of great significance for tackling air pollution and mitigating climate change. Under China's emissions trading system, power generation enterprises have incentives to switch to low-carbon clean power, and the cost-benefit of switching is the basis of their decision-making. To this end, this paper studied the impact of changes in carbon and fuel prices on switching prices. The results show that: (1) For per yuan increase in the amount of natural gas, coal, and carbon, the switching price increased 4.768, decreased 5.845 and decreased 0.9994 yuan, respectively. (2) The carbon price is relatively low, and the impact of it on switching price is small. (3) The fluctuation in the carbon price, coal price and the natural gas price has a hysteresis effect on switching price. [Display omitted] • This study assesses the coal-to-gas switch possibility in Guangdong Province. • A new mode of operation of coal-to-gas switch is published. • For per yuan increase of carbon price, the switching price decreased 0.99 yuan. • The impact of carbon price fluctuations on switching price has a lag effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]