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Abstract Due to the European favorable policy, the process to convert Used Cooking Oil (UCO) into biodiesel has resulted in a rapid increase over the last years. However, the manufacture of biodiesel can be hazardous if suitable precautions are not taken, as it involves the storage, handling and use of several hazardous substances. Although the rise in the number of biodiesel process plants and new operators has resulted in a number of incidents resulting in loss of life and property, publications concern the risks regarding the production of UCO based biodiesel are limited. By taking into account the high rise of the biodiesel industry and UCO collection it is essential to develop an operational risk management tool. The scope of this paper is: (i) the clarification of the importance of safety during the production (life cycle) of UCO based biodiesel; (ii) the identification of probable hazards incorporated to the overall production process of UCO based biodiesel; and (iii) the assessment of these hazards by stakeholders. In this way, there will be available data which allow to check the performance and to avoid mishap recurrence, by identifying the converse incidents which are more likely to occur. Highlights • Hazards in the UCO-to-biodiesel industry were categorized and assessed. • The highest identified hazards were related to the storage and use of methanol in the biodiesel plant. • The major type of accidents at biodiesel facilities recognized to be fires and explosions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For remote areas, small-scale local biodiesel production is particularly attractive if producers and consumers are the same. Such supply chains are labeled as bidirectional. However, little is known on how raw material supply, transportation, logistics, production and operations uncertainties impact the operational performance of such Bidirectional Biodiesel Supply Chains. This paper contributes by exploring these uncertainties in a multiple case study, directed at mobile processing of rubber seeds, in a remote area. Scientifically, the paper contributes by identifying several novel sources of uncertainty: a short-term perspective, lack of knowledge and the previously unrecognized influence of the local government. Additionally, based on these findings, an extended theoretical framework is proposed which links sources of uncertainty to operational performance. The study provides also insights for stakeholders aiming to increase local biofuel production and provides a stepping-stone to investigate adequate measures to manage the identified uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a decisional framework and a mathematical model for the sustainable design of biodiesel supply chain networks (BSCND). We consider a broad group of sustainable aims, i.e. standard economic goals (revenue and logistics costs of BSCND), environmental issues based on a biodiesel production life cycle assessment (LCA), and the social incidental aspects (e.g. crime control, political stability, and community attitude, among others). The framework begins with a simulation of the biodiesel production system, feeding later, with suitable input parameters and suitable solutions, and a macro-location model designed to establish the regional positioning of biofuel conversion plants. Optimal regions are used as initial feasible solution space for the proposed micro-location model. In this part of the framework, we introduce an adaptation of Extended Goal Programming to rank the best municipalities (definitive locations) emphasizing the social aspects under consideration. The framework application is set up in the following Colombian context: first generation biodiesel production from palm oil feedstock. Our computational results indicate that the Colombian city of Rionegro (in the Santader region) is the most sustainable location for a new biodiesel plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]