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Phytoextraction is an effective technique for removing cadmium (Cd) from contaminated farmland, thus achieving real ecological restoration. To clarify the potential of peanut phytoextraction, we designed a pot experiment to assess the Cd accumulation in peanut. In addition, the contribution of rhizosphere microorganisms in Cd accumulation was explored. The results demonstrate that the Cd content in peanut tissue ranked as follows: stem > leaf > root > needle > husk > kernel, with Cd mainly accumulated in the stems (41.92%) and leaves (40.27%). The bioconcentration factor for all cultivars was greater than 1, in agreement with the concept of phytoextraction. Cd extraction from peanut plants grown per season was appreciable, estimated as being from 28.5 g Cd ha−1 to 121.5 g Cd ha−1. Subsequently, based on the Cd accumulation characteristics, cultivars BS1016 and HY20 were identified as the high Cd-accumulating cultivars (HACs), and LH11 and LH14 were identified as the low Cd-accumulating cultivars (LACs), for further study as specific cultivars. For Cd-contaminated soil, high accumulation in HACs was associated with increased Cd bioavailability. The peanut rhizosphere attracted different microorganisms to cope with Cd stress. Compared with LACs, the rhizosphere of HACs tended to be enriched with high Cd-resistant microorganisms, which directly or indirectly participate in Cd activation (for example, Acidimicrobiia class of bacteria, Rhizophlyctis genus of fungi). Correlation analysis confirmed that Rhizophlyctis was a good choice to enhance the potential for Cd phytoextraction using peanut. This study demonstrates the advantages and rhizosphere mechanisms of using peanut for bioremediating Cd-contaminated soil, providing a new approach for remediation and targeted regulation of Cd-contaminated farmland. [Display omitted] • The bioconcentration factor of Cd in all peanut tissues was greater than 1. • Peanut has considerable ability to bioaccumulate Cd in aboveground tissues. • High-cadmium peanut cultivars mobilize Cd mainly through soil acidification. • Cultivars and Cd treatments create specific microbial communities in the peanut rhizosphere. • Rhizophlyctis is the most recommended fungus for improving phytoextraction potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon transition of the energy system plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality. However, the development of new energy heavily relies on rare earth resources, which in turn entail substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions. This "linkage dilemma" poses constraints on the realization of carbon neutrality objectives. In this study, we employ a combination of sample entropy, cross-sample entropy, and coarse-gained network modeling methods to uncover the internal complexity and mutual synchronization of the fossil energy stock market, new energy stock market, rare earth stock market, and carbon market in China. Our findings reveal several important insights. Firstly, we observe that the co-movements among the three industry stock markets and the carbon market are dynamic and closely tied to the efficiency of each market. Secondly, the co-movement between traditional and new energy stock markets remains high, with the supply chain stock market between energy and rare earth exhibiting a similar trend. This highlights the significant impact of inherent substitution or supply chain relationships on the level of synchronization. Thirdly, the stock market crashes and the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in heterogeneous effects with notable changes observed in carbon-related market pairs. Notably, although the carbon market exhibits relatively low co-movement with other stock markets, the patterns of co-movement and their evolution are becoming increasingly complex. Lastly, based on our findings, we present conclusions and potential implications for policymakers to address the impact of the crisis on market interconnectivity, as well as guide investors to effectively allocate their investment portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]