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Low-quality materials contained in separately collected (SC) packaging waste generate environmental and economic burdens associated to both sorting operations of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and landfilling of non-recyclable materials. In this study, based on quantification of both impurities and recyclable fractions, the quality of SC municipal packaging waste streams was determined by compositional analysis of the waste entering a MRF throughout a year. Foreign materials (% w/w) found in the monitored SC glass, paper plus cardboard and lightweight packaging waste, were on average 5.0, 14.7 and 23.0, respectively, while landfilled materials (% w/w) after MRF sorting operations were on average 4.3, 10.3 and 22.0, respectively. A Life Cycle Assessment study was conducted to determine the environmental impact of SC packaging waste streams quality of three different scenarios: current situation (CS), better (BS) and ideal (IS) scenario with reduced presence and absence, respectively, of improper materials in the three examined SC packaging waste streams. Emission of 32.1 kg CO 2 eq/t waste was calculated for the current situation with a reduction by 66.1% and 98.0% in CO 2 eq emission for BS and IS scenario, respectively. Similar emission reductions were calculated for ozone depletion, ionizing radiations, particle matter formation, fossil fuel depletion and primary energy demand impact categories. The environmental life cycle costing study demonstrated that total savings of € 35.2 and € 66.6 for each ton of SC packaging waste stream entering the MRF could be obtained for BS and IS scenario, respectively. [Display omitted] • Impurities in packaging waste streams generate environmental and economic burdens. • 23.0% of impurities were found in separately collected lightweight packaging waste. • Plant sorting operations generate 32.1 kg CO 2 eq for each ton of packaging waste. • € 35.2/ton of sorted packaging waste could be saved by reducing impurities content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partly inspired by the concept of masterbatch in plastics manufacturing, we developed a strategy to improve the technical viability, the economic feasibility, and the environmental performance of lignocellulosic micro-/nanofibers. Instead of investing strenuous efforts in dewatering and/or drying nanocellulose suspensions to maximize their consistency without significantly hampering redispersion, which still stands as an unresolved challenge, we used them in high proportions (up to 50 wt%) to reinforce a high-yield pulp. The suspension can be dewatered-pressed (0.70–1.75 MPa) to obtain wet laps of never-dried reinforced pulps, or dried to consistencies over 90% to produce dry boards, but at the cost of lower strengthening capability. In any case, both wet and dry reinforced boards succeeded in enhancing the breaking length of a recycled pulp by up to 62% and 56%, respectively. In light of these results, we proposed a tentative upscaling and subsequent assessment of the process, evaluating different scenarios. From the technical point of view, reinforced pulp boards are much easier to handle and to deliver than dilute aqueous suspensions. In economic terms, savings in transportation costs are worth remarking. Last but not least, this strategy fulfills at least three goals associated with the concept of cleaner production: water recovery (internal recycling), lower CO 2 emissions (especially if transportation takes place by road), and avoiding hazardous chemicals such as hypochlorite. [Display omitted] • The masterbatch strategy in plastics manufacturing is applied in papermaking. • Micro-/nanocellulose-enriched pulp boards were produced by dewatering-pressing and/or heating. • Reinforced pulp boards were used as an effective strengthening agent for packaging paper. • This novel approach to distribute lignocellulosic micro-/nanofibers minimizes volume and cost of transportation. • Water recycling is enhanced and CO 2 emissions in transport/delivery are lowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry is nowadays one of the most energy-demanding sectors representing a major contributor of global greenhouse gas emissions. The simultaneous need for electricity and high-temperature heat is what makes some industrial processes difficult to decarbonize via current commercially available technologies. As the demand for materials and goods is expected to grow in the upcoming years, it is crucial to define which strategies and technologies will serve as the cornerstone of sustainable development. This study addresses the imperative need for emission reduction of energy-intensive sectors by proposing a novel hydrogen-based cogeneration system in the framework of the paper and pulp industry, with the aim of providing general insights relevant to a broader spectrum of similar applications. The comparative analysis presented in this work focuses on three cogeneration options aimed at satisfying the paper mill energy needs: a conventional natural gas-fuelled gas turbine, a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) fed with grey hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming, and a SOFC operating using green hydrogen produced on-site. The latter involves an integrated multi-energy system with photovoltaic panels, electrolyzers, compressors, and storage tanks. Indeed, the SOFC potential of supplying electricity and high-temperature heat in the form of pressurized steam for industrial applications has not been well investigated yet and represents one of the main objectives of this work. Building on the real consumption profiles of a paper mill facility, techno-economic analyses are carried out for many system configurations, varying components size and layout to assess their performance with respect to CO 2 emissions and two key economic parameters, the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) and the net present cost. An in-house-developed flexible simulation framework is presented and expanded for the purposes of this study, including a detailed model that accounts for design and off-design performance of a SOFC cogeneration unit. Results demonstrate that integrating a SOFC with a heat recovery steam generator result in a 75% reduction in the mass flow of generable pressurized steam in comparison to a gas turbine. Additionally, in the cost-optimal scenario, CO 2 emissions are 25% lower than the conventional gas turbine-based configuration, achieving complete independence from the electricity grid and an LCOH of 5.81€/kg without considering revenues from electricity sold. [Display omitted] • Green H 2 production, compression, storage and use in energy-intensive industries. • Solid oxide fuel cell modelling and validation for heat and power generation. • Comparison of gas turbine and solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration performance. • Optimal LCOH of 5.81 €/kg is identified for a PV-to-electrolyzer ratio of 2. • Sensitivity analysis on natural gas purchase price and electricity selling price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonizing the cleanliness and economics of energy is an effective means of integrating economic growth with carbon peaking goals, and realizing sustainable development in China. However, due to the existence of the energy trilemma, a worthwhile research question is how to fulfill the carbon peaking commitment while guaranteeing China's stable national development. Based on this, this paper not only discusses the nonlinear relationship between clean energy consumption transition and economic growth through threshold regression, but also simulates several scenarios of energy transition dynamics with different growth rates by using Oracle Crystal Ball software to forecast the future trend of China's carbon emissions up to 2030, aiming to find a transition scenario that can make the peak of carbon emissions appear without significant economic burden, so as to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to avoid falling into the energy trilemma in the process of fulfilling the commitment of carbon peaking. This paper finds that: firstly, there is an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between clean energy consumption transition and economic growth, with the inflection point of the inverted U-shape being 0.595; and secondly, only when energy transition exceeds 0.535 in 2030, the peak of carbon emissions (about 12,922.28 Mt) will occur. In summary, this paper argues that China should steadily advance energy transition, avoiding either too fast or too slow a pace (bring clean energy consumption transition to within the 0.535–0.595 range by 2030), in order to secure economic growth while honoring its commitment to peak carbon. Therefore, China should prudently design a coal exit strategy to avoid falling into the energy trilemma when promoting energy transition. Moreover, if China wants to further fulfill its commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, it needs to continue to deepen the construction of green financial markets in order to better balance the relationship between energy cleanliness and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene transparent electrode (GTE) has been attracting much attention due to fascinating physical properties. However, the extensive deployment of copper foil within GTE production has imparted substantial environmental burden. This paper is a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) study to investigate the environmental impacts of roll-to-roll produced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) GTE and the environmental potential of recycling copper foil for cleaner production. Four production scenarios are developed to promote the lab-to-fab progress, including lab scenario, industry baseline scenario, industry recycling scenario and microwave plasma chemical CVD scenario. The functional unit is set as 1 m2 of the GTE production and the life cycle inventories of different scenarios are explored. Results show that the copper foil is a major contributor in baseline scenario in the category of primary energy consumption and global warming. The impacts of GTE production in industry recycling scenario vary from 0.01 to 0.18 of the values in industry baseline scenario. Therefore, copper foil recycling shows environmental potential for GTE production. If all building integrated photovoltaics transition to employing perovskite solar cells with GTE produced in copper recycling scenario, the potential reduction in CO 2 emissions is estimated at 141.2 million kilograms per year. The findings serve as a roadmap for the industry, highlighting key areas where improvements can be made to upscale production while minimizing environmental impact. This paper provides insights into the major environmental contributors in the GTE production, guiding the upscaling routes for cleaner GTE production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global environmental problems are worsening. Among various regulatory measures, market-oriented approaches are most favored by governments worldwide. Using provincial panel data from 2004 to 2020, a multi-period DID model was hereby constructed to empirically study the pollution reduction effects of the pilot policy for carbon emissions trading in China. Findings of this paper could be listed as follows: (1) The pilot policy has achieved notable reductions in waste gas and solid waste, although its effect on wastewater pollutants has been less pronounced; (2) Pollution reduction in the pilot regions can be achieved by optimizing the energy consumption structure; (3) Significant variations in pollution reduction effects are observed between the Northern and Southern pilot regions, with notably stronger policy effects in the north across various pollutants compared to the south. Overall, this paper offers pertinent policy recommendations to aid the Chinese government in enhancing its carbon market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of digital technology has driven a huge change in the way payments are made. Based on the micro-data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper explores the relationship between mobile payment and carbon emissions from the consumption side. With the exogenous impact of Alipay's "Collecting Five Blessings" campaign, this paper finds that mobile payment significantly increases household consumption carbon emissions, but the marginal effect is gradually decreasing. Mechanism analysis shows that mobile payment mainly realizes the above impact through promoting the increase of consumption expenditure and upgrading of consumption structure. Further analysis indicates that carbon reduction policies introduced by the Chinese government in the personal consumption sector can mitigate the carbon emissions growth associated with mobile payments. Still, there is a need to strengthen policy measures further to effectively address the issue of rising carbon emissions from household consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge for future sustainable societies is dealing with the high portion of released CO2 throughout smart power transmission systems; consequently, a comprehensive carbon-based framework is required that directly calculates stakeholders' contribution to the network's CO2 emissions. In this case, this paper proposes a mechanism driven by the carbon-tracing (CTR) process to tackle carbon emissions in smart transmission networks. Using the CTR mechanism enables the digitalized independent system operator (ISO) to allocate the total emissions among participants using the real-time data received from smart grid infrastructures. Furthermore, a carbon-based nodal pricing mechanism for gas and power systems is proposed, which reflects the received data from CTR analysis. To reduce carbon emissions in the smart power transmission network, a carbon-based demand response (DR) procedure is suggested, under which consumers will receive higher incentives for reducing their consumption, especially in high-carbon-intensity buses. In addition, in this paper, for effective management of carbon pollution, the uncertainties of wind and loads and leading risks to carbon and operation costs have been modeled. Hence, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) method is utilized for modeling the risks related to uncertainties. It can be seen that applying the proposed CVaR-based risk assessment framework and carbon-incentive-based DR programs led to a decrease in daily total carbon and operation costs by 0.66% and 1.02%, respectively. • Distribution of carbon in power systems, aiding stockholders in carbon management. • Introducing environmental impacts to pricing promoting eco-conscious consumption. • Utilizing CVaR to manage risk, leading to significant carbon and cost variation. • Managing client consumption based on distributed carbon flow intensity in network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to cast-in-situ construction, prefabricated construction reduces the generation of construction waste; however, construction waste cannot be entirely eliminated through prefabrication and can be generated at each stage of its life cycle. This paper generates a system dynamics model, comprising two causal-loop diagrams and one stock-flow diagram, to simulate the effectiveness of policies on decarbonizing prefabricated concrete building waste. The model can predict the annual and total construction waste, along with the associated carbon emissions, under different policy scenarios in China by 2030. This paper focuses on prefabricated concrete buildings in China, with specific attention to the wastage of concrete, bricks, mortar, and metal. In single-factor scenario simulations, increasing landfilling fee is the most effective policy for waste decarbonization, potentially reducing carbon emissions by 31%. Increasing prefabrication rate and enhancing regulation degree at the design phase of prefabrication can directly reduce prefabricated building waste generation, subsequently resulting in an 18% and 7% carbon emissions reduction. Multi-factor scenario simulations demonstrate that the simultaneous application of all four policies is most effective, achieving a 44% reduction in carbon emissions. This research establishes a theoretical framework for prefabricated concrete building waste management and provides the Chinese government with practical insights on optimizing policies for waste decarbonization in the dynamic landscape of prefabrication. • This paper develops the prefabricated building waste generation and disposal systems. • The model predicts the construction waste and associated carbon emissions by 2030. • Raising landfill fee is an effective policy for decarbonizing construction waste by 31.06%. • Prefabrication rate reaching 100% can reduce 18.04% of carbon emissions from waste. • Applying all policies is most effective, achieving a 44.34% carbon emissions reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in focus on the mitigation of carbon emissions, mostly motivated by the urgent concern about global warming and its adverse impacts on the Earth's climate. Power-to-gas (PtG) systems have emerged as a promising technological solution in the pursuit of mitigating carbon emissions. This paper presents a mathematical modeling framework that aims to accurately represent the power-to-gas system integrated with wind power plants while taking into account the technological constraints of the system in practical scenarios. To analyze the proposed system under the stresses, worst situations caused by existing uncertain parameters, especially wind power, is modeled using a risk modeling technique called downside risk constraints (DRC). The DRC endeavors to mitigate the likelihood of situations resulting in significant stresses by incorporating an expected downside risk into the proposed framework. This paper will provide a number of conservative tactics to be employed in the decision-making process under the realizations of uncertainties. These tactics, including strategic operational control strategies, provide a structured approach for decision-making under uncertain conditions. By incorporating downside risk constraints, the framework enables conservative decision-making that prioritizes mitigating potential losses and minimizing the operational risk within scheduling horizon of proposed PtG facility. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of PtG technology has the potential to yield a substantial reduction in external energy consumption, namely by 39.1 %. Additionally, it has been seen that PtG may effectively mitigate carbon emissions, resulting in a decrease of 38.9 %. The utilization of PtG technology and gas storage will result in a substantial reduction in wind curtailment, ultimately leading to a near elimination of curtailment. Further study is conducted on the model in order to explore the benefits of carbon and methane storage, as supported by the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of fossil fuels in various sectors, such as power and heat generation, and the transportation sector has been the primary source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are the main contributors to global warming. Qatar's oil and gas sector notably contributes to CO 2 emissions, accounting for half of the total emissions. Globally, it is essential to transition into cleaner fossil fuel production to achieve carbon neutrality on a global scale. In this paper, we focus on clean hydrogen, considering carbon capture to make hydrogen a viable low carbon energy alternative for the transition to clean energy. This paper systematically reviews emerging technologies in carbon capture and conversion (CCC). First, the road map stated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to reach carbon neutrality is discussed along with pathways to decarbonize the energy sector in Qatar. Next, emerging CO 2 removal technologies, including physical absorption using ionic liquids, chemical looping, and cryogenics, are explored and analyzed regarding their advancement and limitations, CO 2 purity, scalability, and prospects. The advantages, limitations, and efficiency of the CO 2 conversion technology to value-added products are grouped into chemical (plasma catalysis, electrochemical, and photochemical) and biological (photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic). The paper concludes by analyzing pathways to decarbonize the energy sector in Qatar via coupling CCC technologies for low-carbon hydrogen, highlighting the challenges and research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy development in industrial parks promotes both industrial and inter-park economies. However, as the number of industrial parks increases and the economic level of the parks rises, energy consumption is also increasing rapidly. The rapid expansion of inter-park trading markets is accompanied by a surge in carbon emissions, making industrial parks increasingly significant contributors to carbon emissions within the industrial sector. In response to this environmental challenge, this paper proposes an integrated trading approach within industrial parks that considers carbon constraints. By implementing a spot trading method for surplus industrial energy, the goal is to mitigate the carbon emission pressure within these parks. Firstly, the paper conducts an analysis of the characteristics of combined heat and power units in industrial parks. It introduces an integrated analysis method within the target region, consolidating information from various park units to enhance flexibility in energy utilization. Secondly, an energy storage model is established. This model efficiently leverages energy storage capacity to balance fluctuations in energy supply and demand within industrial parks, thereby alleviating carbon emission pressure. Finally, the study and analysis of an industrial park in Liaoning Province were conducted using the Yalmip + Gurobi commercial software on the MATLAB platform. Compared with the traditional industrial park, the carbon dioxide emission of the industrial park is reduced by 91.49t, and the energy cost is saved by 11.2 million RMB. Numerical results from instances indicate that this method surpasses traditional trading approaches, aligning with the rigorous standards of scientific research. • An energy storage model is proposed to address the shortage of energy storage in waste heat trading in industrial parks. • A coordinated scheduling program is presented to reduce energy scheduling imbalances between multiple campuses. • The carbon-constrained energy storage device is integrated to improve the decarbonization capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon trading is widely used as a carbon finance instrument to promote green transformation. This paper focuses on carbon trading's impact on the bond spread for high-carbon enterprises. Using variation in carbon trading access due to pilot policies in China, we find that bonds issued by high-carbon enterprises participating in the carbon trading pilots have lower spreads. Furthermore, the results suggest that carbon trading reduces bond spreads by encouraging high-carbon enterprises to improve their environmental performance. Another channel is the information asymmetry between bondholders and enterprises. More active carbon markets provide investors with more information about enterprises' motivations for reducing carbon emissions, leading to a greater reduction in bond spreads. In addition, the impact of carbon trading is more significant in local SOEs, high-innovation enterprises, and longer-term bonds. Our research helps us understand the importance of carbon trading in achieving a low-carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing severity of global warming, the goal of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in various industries has become an important responsibility for sustainable development. As an important part of carbon sink, the improvement of net carbon efficiency in the plantations industry will make a great contribution to the realization of the "double carbon" target in agriculture. However, there are large spatial and temporal differences in the net carbon efficiency of the plantations sector in various provinces, and there is still a large scope for increasing carbon sink and reducing carbon emission. In this paper, we have analyzed spatial and temporal trends in the net carbon sink efficiency of the plantations' production processes in 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2000 to 2020. On this basis, we have analyzed the influencing factors of net carbon efficiency in the plantations' production process through an extended Kaya constant equation. Through the geographically and temporally weighted regression model, we explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the influencing factors, and further analyze the driving and restraining factors of net carbon efficiency in plantations' production process, in order to propose appropriate countermeasures. The study shows that: (1) The net carbon efficiency of plantations sector in China increase between 2000 and 2020, and the development of net carbon efficiency is uneven across regions. (2) The geographic center of net carbon efficiency of China's plantations industry shift from the northeast to the southwest and is consistent with the migration direction of agricultural inputs. (3) The influencing factors of net carbon efficiency in the plantations sector show large regional differences, and can be specifically divided into four major types of zones. In this regard, this paper provides more appropriate countermeasure suggestions for increasing carbon sink and reducing carbon emission in each zone, with a view to achieving the goal of double carbon in agriculture with practical significance. • Net carbon efficiency is a new objective indicator to measure the carbon sink level of cropland. • Cultivated land carbon sink capacity is closely related to agricultural inputs. • Regional differences in the factors influencing net carbon efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the growing emphasis on green packing, e-commerce businesses actively pursue sustainable solutions that balance cost reduction with environmental conservation. Traditional research on three-dimensional bin packing has concentrated on maximizing spatial utilization under fixed box dimensions. However, in the practical context of e-commerce, packing boxes exhibit a wide range of sizes within a single warehouse. Customizing packing to prevent material and space wastage has become crucial for sustainable development. This paper innovates traditional three-dimensional packing research by introducing open dimensions instead of fixed ones. It addresses challenges in e-commerce packing, such as multiple orders and diverse bin shapes, to formulate a mixed-integer programming model. Focused on the carbon emission lifecycle's usage phase for packing boxes, the model aims to minimize associated costs while ensuring that items' weight, the center of gravity, sufficient support, and non-overlapping placement are maintained during the packing process. It also incorporates one-dimensional and two-dimensional fixed bin sizes. To solve this model, the paper proposes an improved hybrid genetic algorithm for stack sequence optimization. This algorithm systematically optimizes the dimensions for each box type. Building upon this, the study introduces an algorithm capable of estimating packing material consumption and the percentage reduction in carbon emissions during the packing process, given the known variability in packing box utilization. These two algorithms are integrated into an open-dimension packing box warehouse management ecological closed loop system designed for the B2B e-commerce context. In experiments with the proposed model and algorithms, the results demonstrate an average packing rate improvement of 10%–12% compared to alternative methods. Additionally, packing material consumption and carbon emissions are reduced by approximately 16.56%–19.85%, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. • Open dimension model boosts green e-commerce packing efficiency. • Stacking algorithm lifts space use up to 12%. • Material and emissions cut 16%–20% on space gains. • Eco warehouse system enables box reuse and material recycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade-induced carbon transfer has emerged as a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, with international carbon competitiveness playing a pivotal role in this transfer. Based on a sample of 43 major economies from 2000 to 2014, this paper empirically examines the influence of digital transformation on the international carbon competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. The results reveal a substantial enhancement in manufacturing's international carbon competitiveness facilitated by digital transformation. Three primary mechanisms drive this enhancement: the scale effect, advancement of the forward global value chains position, and an improved energy structure. Notably, both domestic and foreign sources of digital transformation bolster the international carbon competitiveness of domestic manufacturing. Furthermore, the enabling of segmented digital industry strengthens this competitiveness, especially in publishing, programming, and broadcasting activities. This paper enriches the research on the environmental implications of digital transformation and offers insights for policymakers aiming to boost international carbon competitiveness and promote greener industrial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic nature of the supply chain due to personalised demand and technological advancements has made supplier selection a challenging issue in supply chain management. This research paper aims to tackle the supplier selection problem in a multi-period, multi-sourced, and multi-product environment by creating a process that places the manufacturer at the centre. Firstly, this paper has constructed a multi-period supplier dynamic preference model that takes into account environmental protection, to minimise the total cost and carbon emissions. Secondly, the Taguchi method is extended to the supplier selection problem in the field of quality engineering. The parameter optimisation process is then designed based on the Taguchi method, aiming to optimise the main key parameters that affect supplier selection and determine the optimisation level combinations upon which the model is solved. Finally, the model's feasibility and evolution are verified through examples of its application. The paper's methodology enhances the model's relevant parameters' robustness, augments decision-making efficiency, and offers suppliers guidance to boost their performance and substantially cut the manufacturer's total procurement expenditure and carbon dioxide emissions. [Display omitted] • Propose a supplier selection process under multi-cycle multi-parameter variation. • Research results can provide decision-making tools for suppliers and manufacturers. • Decision makers should balance short-term benefits with sustainability goals. • Companies need to continually adapt business models to face up to the challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the direct and indirect impacts of the Carbon Emission Trading System (CETS) on the green transition development (GTD) of Chinese cities. This paper constructs a GTD evaluation system from the perspective of prevention and governance at the source, in terms of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, and measures the GTD performance of 281 cities based on the EW-TOPSIS model. It is found that the average increase in GTD of the sample cities from 2006 to 2020 is 3.40 %, the GTD progress of the 281 cities has a considerable positive spatial autocorrelation, with the GTD progress of the CETS pilot cities being significantly bigger than that of the non-pilot cities. Further this paper adopts the spatial difference model (S-DID) to scientifically identify the influence mechanism and heterogeneity of the direct and spatial effects of CETS on city GTD, and the results show that CETS has a positive effect on the GTD of both local and neighboring cities. Propensity score matching (PSM) is used to further corroborate these findings. The study also shows that CETS improves local GTD by promoting green innovation, rationalizing industrial structures, and enhancing energy efficiency in cities. Nevertheless, the ensuing siphon effect hinders nearby cities' levels of energy efficiency, industrial structure rationalization, and green innovation. The policy effects of CETS are more significant in large cities, eastern cities, old industrial areas, and non-resource-based cities. CETS can work in synergy with smart city construction, low-carbon city pilot policies, and emission trading policies to accelerate the process of GTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has committed to peak carbon emissions by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2060. Hebei, as a major energy province in China, has more challenging carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets. Based on the extended STIRPAT model, this paper evaluates the time to peak carbon and post-peak carbon trend changes in Hebei province under different scenarios from 2020 to 2060. Based on the support vector machine model with particle swarm optimization, this paper evaluates the carbon neutral pathways under different scenarios in Hebei province from 2020 to 2060 in terms of forests, croplands, wetlands, grasslands and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS). The results show that a monotonically flat trend without inflection point, a single-inflection-point plateau-period trend and a multi-inflection-point inverted U-wave trend occur after carbon peaks. Hebei Province can achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 under the policy scenario and the enhanced scenario, and the enhanced scenario is better. Comparing with existing studies, the innovation of this paper is to design different trends of changes after carbon peak, combining carbon absorption and carbon emission, and providing more diversified development paths for carbon neutral strategies through a more integrated perspective and multi-scenario comprehensive analysis. Therefore, In the future, Hebei Province should establish a platform for carbon emissions monitoring and carbon footprint assessment, and set up an early warning and assessment mechanism for carbon peaking, so as to prevent a rebound trend in carbon emissions after peaking. At the same time, it should introduce and develop carbon capture and conversion technologies and promote the low-carbon transformation of the industrial and energy sectors, thereby forcing the early realization of peak carbon. Pay attention to the role of forestry resources in carbon neutrality, increase carbon sink resources such as forests and wetlands, promote the development of CCUS, and enhance the implementation of the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supply chain's ability to avoid an unexpected disruption or quickly return to a normal situation defines supply chain resilience. Prior works have emphasized the integration of supply chain resilience and sustainable development goals (sustainable supply chain resilience), which is the focus of this paper. This paper proposes a four-level supply chain consisting of suppliers, intermodal hubs, manufacturers, and distributors along with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles. Two types of manufacturers are included: large and small. The small manufacturers are moveable. To contribute to sustainable logistics problems, the objectives are cost, carbon emissions, and job opportunities when the appropriate supply chain members and flow of materials are optimized. To contribute to supply chain resilience, this paper presents a new robust approach and a new multiobjective algorithm to capture uncertain parameters (e.g., supply cost and employee availability). A numerical example based on empirical data shows the applicability of the proposed model. • This paper proposes sustainable supply chain resilience. • A heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and manufacturers are considered. • A new robust approach is introduced. • A new multiobjective algorithm is proposed. • Datasets along with algorithms codes are available for journal readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide is an excellent substrate for pre-concentrating and recovering uranium in water. However, the need for scalable and affordable methods for producing graphene oxide has hindered its field applications. Besides, a sustainable strategy is required to recycle spent adsorbents and prevent them from entering the waste stream. In these contexts, this paper describes the application of graphene oxide aerogel (GOA) produced from graphite through a single-step combustion route for pre-concentrating and recovering uranium in water. The method allows GOA production in bulk quantity at 8–10 times less cost than prevalent Modified Hummer's graphene oxide (HGO). The paper also demonstrates using spent GOA as an active admixture in mortar to improve its mechanical properties. The physicochemical properties of the GOA and mechanistic details of uranium surface bindings were studied thoroughly. GOA showed enhanced uranium adsorption capacity (278 mg/g) compared to HGO due to abundant hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxy groups on GOA. However, the presence of HCO 3 − in water reduced uranium uptake due to highly water-soluble uranium-carbonate complexes such as (UO 2) 2 CO 3 (OH) 3 − , UO 2 (CO 3) 3 4 − , and UO 2 (CO 3) 2 2 − . The addition of the spent GOA improved the cement mortar's compressive strength by 15 % compared to the pristine cube and arrested the leaching of residual uranium. The GOA addition and associated enhancement in compressive strength help to save cement and lower CO 2 emissions. In short, the present work addresses the critical challenges of using GOA in pre-concentrating and recovering aqueous uranium, such as bulk production, production cost, and spent materials disposal. [Display omitted] • Affordable and scalable production of graphene oxide aerogel. • A reusable substrate for aqueous uranium pre-concentration and recovery. • The mechanism of removal of uranium by graphene oxide aerogel. • The use of spent graphene oxide aerogel as a valuable cement admixture. • Compressive strength of spent graphene aerogel-modified mortar and uranium leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, increasing pressure on industries to innovate and adopt sustainable techniques has sparked investigations into machining strategies that have minimal carbon emissions, minimal energy consumption by machine tools, and low machining costs. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the machining conditions that can fulfill the criteria of clean production and sustainable chip forming for low-alloy steel which is extensively used in the many industrial field. To achieve this goal, experiments were done under both dry and Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) conditions, aided by ultrasonic vibration assisted hybrid machining conditions at various cutting speeds (100 and 140 m/min) and uncut chip thicknesses (0.1, 0.14, and 0.18 mm). The study was conducted in two stages. In the first part, machining experiments were performed afterward, cutting forces, cutting temperature, chip morphology, surface roughness, and texture were examined. The second part of this study evaluates the sustainability of various machining parameters and cutting environments. The analysis of economic feasibility or rather the total machining costs were estimated by evaluating the costs incurred due to investment of machine tools, lubricant/coolant delivery systems and ultrasonic vibration system costs, waste processing and management costs, cutting tool and labor costs, cost of cutting fluid and energy consumed. On the other hand, environmental viability was evaluated by estimating the carbon emissions (CE) due to the power consumed, material utilization (i.e., the cutting tool and cutting fluid), and the waste processing and management (i.e., disposal of cutting tool, cutting fluid and chip recycling). Results indicate that both dry and MQL ultrasonic-assisted machining processes resulted in improved chip breakability, and produced short-comma chips. Additionally, it reduced cutting force by 28% and the cutting temperature was lowered by 30 %. Besides, Minimum Quantity Lubrication + Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Machining (MQL + UVAM) hybrid method prevented surface defects and reduced average surface roughness by 24%–35% compared to dry conditions. While utilizing the MQL + UVAM method, the overall machining cost decreased in the range of about 20–30 % as compared to dry and dry + UVAM conditions. From an environmental standpoint, the MQL + UVAM hybrid machining process was found to be a significant contribution to the overall CE due to use of cutting fluids and increased machine tool utilization. This paper contributed to the understanding of sustainability and cleaner production to mitigate CO 2 emissions by using the MQL + UVAM hybrid method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined heat and power is an inevitable trend in the development of waste-to-power industry. Many waste incineration power generation projects that have already put into operation in China are waiting for transition and upgrading to combined heat and power projects. From a growth option perspective, this paper considers the irreversible process and uncertainty in economic benefits, introduces carbon emission trading mechanism and develops the growth option theory to design the expansion decision making model of waste-to-energy combined heat and power projects, so as to obtain the project value and find the optimal expansion timing. In this paper, a case study is carried out on the expansion decision making of a waste-to-energy combined heat and power project in Shandong Province in China. And two scenarios with specific and flexible expansion times are developed from European and American options separately, as European options require investors to expand at a certain time but American options not. The results indicate that 1) real option approach successfully improves the project value through considering uncertainty, and American option can achieve the optimal expansion time, 2) under the carbon emission trading mechanism, the carbon price affects the expansion index, which has a positive effect on the project value, 3) the linear nature of the income and cost expansion index can help investors make judgments on expansion investments. The effectiveness of the case study implies the practicality of the expansion option method for similar projects to reach dual carbon targets in cost and benefit analysis. • Real option approach is applied in energy transition in WTECHP projects. • European and American options are proposed for certain and flexible decision times. • Expansion time and triggers of WTECHP are incorporated into life cycle management. • CCER is introduced as an environmental element to evaluate expansion decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a significant source of carbon emissions, road logistics operators are under increasing pressure from governments and customers to find ways to decarbonize as part of broader global efforts to reach net zero. Decarbonization of road logistics relies on the widespread diffusion of existing and emerging technological transport solutions. These include alternative fuel vehicles, battery technologies, renewable energy and charging solutions. All promise to reduce carbon emissions, but their implementation remains challenging, expensive, and risky. As early adopters of alternative fuel vehicles have reported, transitioning from fossil fuels poses challenges that must be prepared for and understood to minimize the obstacles to genuine emissions reductions in road logistics. A considerable volume of academic research has been published advocating emission reduction solutions and providing detailed analyses of their potential positive environmental impacts. However, to our knowledge, no frameworks integrate these analyses with practical insights into current and anticipated challenges for road logistics operators transitioning from fossil fuels to a decarbonized future. This paper analyses contemporary evidence and insights on current and future issues and presents an integrated framework for road freight logistics decarbonization challenges. The framework primarily focuses on decarbonization through alternative fuels and analyses three categories of challenges from socio-technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. The three categories of challenges relate to alternative fuel vehicles and fleets, alternative fuel distribution infrastructure and renewable energy generation. The underlying principle of the framework is to provide a practical tool that supports a more informed view of both the advantages and challenges of transitioning to alternative fuels. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a framework to help direct future research into tackling these logistics decarbonization challenges. The insights presented in this paper may also inform practitioners by sensitizing them to potential roadblocks in the transition away from fossil fuels. • Framework integrating road freight logistics decarbonization challenges. • Analyse alternative fuels, alternative fuel distribution and renewable energy. • Three perspectives on decarbonization: socio-technical, economic, and environmental. • Highlight logistics services provider strategies to minimize risk and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The support of digital technology is urgently needed to promote low-carbon development and green economic and social transformation and to realize the goal of "carbon neutrality" early. This paper utilizes the "Golden Tax III" project for the digital transformation of China's tax collection and administration and empirically confirms that digital tax collection and administration significantly reduces carbon emissions based on the panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions) in China from 2010 to 2020, i.e., digital technology plays a positive role in carbon emission reduction. The mechanism test shows that digital technology indirectly affects carbon emissions through industrial structure, technological innovation, and tax structure. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital technology has a significant inhibitory effect on carbon emissions in the northern region, non-Yangtze River region, provincial administrative areas with heavy local government debt, and a large proportion of tax revenue from the secondary industry and tax revenue from state-owned enterprises. Under the requirement of high-quality and green development of the economy, this paper is of great theoretical and practical significance for using digital technology to ensure the governance functions of tax, help low-carbon development, and reach the goal of "carbon neutrality" at an early date. • This study assesses the impact of digital technology on carbon emissions from the government's perspective. • This study enriches the mechanism by which digital technology affects carbon emissions. • This study provides suggestions to promote the digitization of government affairs and carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the goal of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality" in China, it is significant to explore whether emission reduction commitments contribute to carbon risk premium. Therefore, based on a sample of Chinese listed companies that publicly disclosed questionnaires in the CDP from 2009 to 2021, this paper empirically examines the relationship between emission reduction commitments and carbon risk premium and their formation mechanism. The results show that emission reduction commitments can effectively hedge the carbon risk premium, which pass several robustness tests. Specifically, the more comprehensive and ambitious the commitment is, the greater the suppression of the carbon risk premium. The mechanism test shows that disclosing emission reduction commitment information can reduce carbon risk by improving investor confidence and attracting political resources. Differences in enterprise emission levels, regional environmental regulation intensity and green financial development result in different risk-hedging effects of emission reduction commitments. Moreover, the greater the substantial pressure from stakeholders, the greater the tendency for firms to set up emission reduction commitments. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that confidence level of commitments has a significant impact on risk premium. Specifically, enterprises with SBTi validation, higher CDP ratings and higher target completion are more helpful in curbing carbon risk premium. Our findings contribute to corporate commitment to climate change and complement the carbon risk premium hypothesis. [Display omitted] The possible highlights of this study are as follows. • With the help of forward-looking information on emission reduction commitments, we re-examine the conclusion of the carbon risk premium and find that emission reduction commitments can effectively hedge the risk premium, enriching and developing the carbon risk premium hypothesis • This paper brings commitment levels and carbon emission levels into a unified analytical framework to study the correspondence between emission reduction commitments made under pressure to reduce emissions and the carbon risk premium, providing micro evidence for solving the mystery of the carbon risk premium. • Measure emission reduction commitment indicators from various angles, making the data on emission reduction commitments more objective and scientific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies on emission accounting in global value chains (GVCs) have not focused on the relational nature of GVC activities manifested as the interaction of intermediate goods between enterprises. This paper proposes a relational GVC emissions accounting framework based on an inter-country input-output (ICIO) model distinguishing between domestic-owned enterprises (DOEs) and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), which is classified as trade-based, investment-based and hybrid-based emissions. Using AMNE-ICIO tables from 2005 to 2016, this paper traces emissions and carbon intensity in relational GVC activities at the global, economic, and industry levels. We find the following: (1) Investment-based emissions accounted for about 94.15% of the increase in relational GVC emissions, of which more than half comes from the interactive activities between DOEs and FIEs. (2) For the United States, high-income economies, and high-tech manufacturing, investment-based emissions were higher than trade-based emissions, and the reverse was true for upper-middle and lower-middle income economies and China. (3) Although relational GVC carbon intensity was high, the trend of decline was significant. (4) Compared to trade activities, investment-based activities were less carbon intensity in China and upper-middle income economies due to the interaction of production between FIEs and DOEs. The findings add new insights into the coordination of global emissions reductions and the allocation of emissions responsibility. • Emphasize the interdependence between enterprises in cross-border production. • Combine GVC linkages with carbon emissions and carbon intensity. • Investment-based emissions are the main factor of relational GVC emissions growth. • The carbon intensity of relational GVC decreased significantly. • Developing countries can access green spillover through investment-based GVC links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the significance of China's Industrial Structure Rationalization (ISR) in reducing carbon emissions. To this end, this study uses panel data from 30 Chinese province from 2000 to 2019 to measure the Industrial Structure Rationalization of each province by calculating the Thiel index, base on which a nonlinear autoregressive lagged distribution (NARDL-PMG) model is established to explore the impacts of industrial structure rationalization on carbon emissions. The results show that: (1) There still exist significant regional differences between Eastern and Central-Western regions in industrial structure as illustrated by the ISR index. The industrial structure in Eastern region is more rational; (2) In the long run, the carbon emission in China will drop when the industrial structure becomes more rational; (3) However, in the short run, the carbon emission in China will increase when the industrial structure becomes more rational. Besides the findings above, the major difference between this paper and the extant researches is that this paper pays attention to the relationship between industrial structure rationalization and environmental quality by investigating the asymmetric influences of industrial structure rationalization index's positive and negative shocks on carbon emission, which lays solid foundations for government aiming to set more detailed policies. • Focus on the impact of rationalization of industrial structure on CO2 emissions. • Focused on the linear relationship between industrial structure and carbon emissions. • Attempts to analyze three regional pairs from the East, Central and West regions. • Provide a reference for developing countries to achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate crisis is recognized as one of the world's most serious concerns, posing a threat to environmental, social, and economic growth. However, previous work has failed to address the dynamic effects through which economic growth may affect green growth and climate crisis. In this research, we take a closer look at the impact of carbon emissions, eco-innovation adoption, and international collaboration on economic growth and the influence of economic growth on green growth. This paper used the generalized method of moments (GMM) for 54 African countries from 2010 to 2019, allied with an imbalanced panel of 540 observations. This paper finds a positive relationship between carbon emissions, eco-innovation international cooperation, and economic growth with p-values lower than 0.047. Our study discovers economic growth's robust and positive impact on green growth with a p-value of 0.009. This research finds a three-pronged mediating effect of economic growth between its driving factors and green growth. Lastly, this paper furnishes new visions into the argument over economic growth versus green growth. It informs policymakers of the need to pay attention to the growing effect of eco-innovation driving factors on attaining sustainable and greener growth and climate crisis mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to examine whether carbon information disclosure (CID) can truly enhance corporate value (CV), which motivates companies to reduce carbon emissions endogenously. Given that the dynamic impact of CID on CV evolves over time, this paper continuously investigates this time-varying relationship within the functional framework. Based on the continuous curves smoothed from 65 companies in the Shanghai Stock Exchange Social Responsibility Index, we construct an evaluation index using functional entropy weight to continuously measure the level of CID. Furthermore, to quantify the time-varying effect of CID on CV, we use functional regression to visualize its dynamics in symbol, strength, and statistical significance from 2009 to 2021. Finally, the real-time moderating effects of nature of ownership and industry attributes are also examined, revealing how the impact of CID on CV varies across different companies and periods. The results suggest the following: (1) CID adversely affected CV initially but favored later. (2) The initial negative impact and the subsequent positive impact of CID on CV are stronger in non-state-owned companies than in state-owned companies. (3) These impacts are also stronger in low-polluting companies than in high-polluting companies. In summary, this paper expands the research toolset for exploring the dynamic effect of CID on CV and offers practical implications for companies to make informed disclosure decisions. • Via FDA, the impact of carbon information disclosure (CID) on corporate value is dynamically quantified and visualized. • A Functional CID index constructed using functional entropy weights evaluates CID development continuously. • CID originally plays a negative impact on corporate value, but a positive one in the later stage. • Initially, CID has a stronger promoting impact on corporate value in state-owned and low-polluting firms, but weakens later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing urban logistics transportation activities hugely impact the economy and environment. This paper investigates the combined impact of ambient temperature, path flexibility, and hybrid fleet on the economy and environment in urban logistics. The proposed problem is a variant of the location-routing problem (LRP) named dual-mode energy-conserving LRP (DMECLRP) that handles the combination of three types of decisions: the location of depots, the design of the distribution routes, and the location of charging stations (CSs) and battery swapping stations (BSSs). The objective is to minimize the total cost, including the daily fixed costs of operating depots, the cost of renting vehicles and depreciation, driver compensation, and the routing costs, where the latter can be defined concerning the cost of the consumed energy and CO 2 emissions. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, this paper presents a Q-learning-based hyper-heuristic (QLHH) algorithm to address the DMECLRP. The QLHH employs a Q-learning approach to select appropriate heuristics through its search process and simulated annealing to determine the acceptance of solutions. Results show that the proposed algorithm is effective, providing competitive results for LRP benchmark instances within reasonable computing time, and the proposed model can effectively reduce logistics costs, energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions. Extensive analyses are carried out to empirically assess the effect of ambient temperature, path flexibility, and hybrid fleet on key performance indicators, including energy consumption, carbon emissions, and operational costs. Several managerial insights are provided. • Impacts of ambient temperature on electric vehicle in logistics network. • A strategy of path flexibility and a hybrid fleet of electric and fuel vehicles. • A model for the energy-conserving logistics network considering carbon emissions. • A Q-learning-based hyperheuristic combined with simulated annealing acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big data industry development and carbon dioxide emissions reduction are the crucial driver and objective functions of economic growth, respectively. Whether the two types of corresponding policies can achieve the "win-win" effect is the key to green development transformation in the future. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of big data industry development on carbon dioxide emissions. Based on the quasi-natural experiment in China's national big data comprehensive experimental area, the paper identifies the causal effect between big data industry development and carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, the panel data of 282 cities in China spanning from 2010 to 2019 are used in regression analysis. The study reveals that the big data industry development has a substantial impact in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, the findings are confirmed by a set of rigorous robustness checks. The heterogeneity analyses suggest that the effect of inhibiting carbon dioxide emissions due to the big data industry development is more significant in eastern & central China, and large-sized cities. In addition, the big data industry reduces carbon dioxide emissions through the effects of industrial structure optimization, technological innovation, and resource allocation. Our findings contribute to the nexus between big data industry development and carbon dioxide emissions. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that governments integrate economic growth and environmental protection policies by promoting big data industry development. • The paper provides a novel insight into the CO 2 emission from the perspective of big data industry. • Based on quasi-natural experiment, the paper has identified the causal effect between the big data industry development and CO 2 emissions with the Difference-in-Difference (DID) methodology. • Big data industry development effectively stimulate the reduction of CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battery-supercapacitor (SC) hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are today known as an effective means to extend the service life of batteries that are prone to early failures, mainly caused by current-related stress. While this holds true in most cases, the overall economic costs and benefits of this architecture are either overlooked or incomplete in previous research works. This paper introduces a life cycle cost optimization model for cost-effective upgrade of battery-alone energy storage systems (BESS) into battery-SC HESS. The case study in this paper shows that the presence of SC can result in up to 1.95% reduction in LCC over the remaining five years of the plant's lifespan. As side benefits, 5.2% decrease in energy consumption and CO 2 equivalent emissions associated to the manufacturing and operation of the HESS components. The proposed model can therefore inform about the relevance of a BESS retrofit in both brownfield and greenfield projects. • Life-cycle cost model for battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems. • Optimal supercapacitor sizing for cost-effective retrofit of existing battery ESS. • Lower life cycle cost compared to conventional battery-supercapacitor HESS. • Increase in battery lifespan and decrease in asset replacement. • Environmental improvement compared to alternative supercapacitor sizing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's industry is facing a carbon lock-in (CLI) dilemma. Based on the complexity and dynamics of CLI, exploring diversified unlocking paths is an important way to achieve emission reduction goals. This paper innovatively applies system dynamics (SD) to the study of CLI prediction and unlocking path, and systematically constructs an industrial CLI SD model, trying to break the positive feedback mechanism of CLI through multiple causality and feedback chains. This paper simulates and predicts the changing trend of the CLI level of China's industry and 8 major subsectors from 2020 to 2050. At the same time, the random forest algorithm is used to select the regulatory variables of policy analysis. Compared with the previous research methods, the accuracy and objectivity of the selection of regulatory variables are improved, so as to test the effectiveness of the unlocking path under each scenario. The results show that (1) the whole industry faces a serious CLI problem and is still in a deep lock-in state. From the perspective of subsectors, the light, electromechanical, and textile industries have achieved unlocking; the oil and extractive industries are in a moderately lock-in state; the chemical, steel, and power industries are in a deep lock-in state; and the CLI situation is serious. (2) The results of the random forest algorithm show that R&D investment, the proportion of fixed asset investments in the energy industry, car sales, energy structure, and carbon emission industry structure are the most significant factors affecting CLI in each subsystem. (3) Compared with the existing economic development model, the technological, institutional, social, and comprehensive unlocking scenarios can all enable industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon unlocking in advance. However, the effect of each scenario is as follows: comprehensive unlocking scenario > technological unlocking scenario > institutional unlocking scenario > social unlocking scenario. (4) The unlocking times of the oil, chemical, steel, and power industries are relatively late in each scenario. To realize carbon unlocking in industry, these four areas should be focused on in the future. This study helps policymakers formulate reasonable policies to accelerate industrial carbon unlocking and promote the implementation of the "dual carbon" strategy. • The whole industry faces a serious carbon lock-in problem. • The technological, institutional, social and comprehensive unlocking scenarios can all achieve carbon unlocking in advance. • The comprehensive unlocking scenario has the best effect, and the social unlocking scenario has the worst effect. • The oil, chemical, steel and power industries should be focused on in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role in addressing global climate change. One significant technological solution for reducing CO 2 emissions in iron and steel production is the recycling of waste heat. Hot air sintering has the potential to decrease CO 2 emissions from flue gas by reusing hot flue gas in the production process. This can result in a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels. Usually, the relationship between the hot air temperature and the carbon content determines the CO 2 emission reduction effect. In order to meet the demand for reducing CO 2 emissions, this paper thoroughly investigates the mechanism of CO 2 reduction by hot air sintering through sintering pot experiments. It precisely establishes the correlation between hot air temperature and carbon content, and suggests strategies for effectively managing hot air sintering based on scientific principles. The results show that hot air sintering achieves a reduction in CO 2 emissions by enhancing fuel combustion heat utilization and heat substitution. On the one hand, the heat of the sinter bed surface layer is increased, which improves the mineralization conditions and increases the sintered mineral quantity and quality, thus reducing the CO 2 emission by 4.4%; on the other hand, the waste heat is returned to the sinter bed to replace part of the fuel combustion heat, thus reducing the CO 2 emission by 17.7%. The experimental results show that the best carbon reduction effect is achieved at a hot air temperature of 300 °C and a solid fuel ratio of 4.7% (labelled T300-C47), which reduces carbon emissions by 17.7% and improves the quality of the sintered minerals. Combined with the actual production, in the range of 200–300 °C hot air, by increasing the hot air temperature to replace the solid fuel with equal heat can realize the hot air sintering to reduce CO 2 emissions and improve the sintering production. The research provides theoretical guidance for the clean production of iron and steel sintering and energy saving and carbon reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM 2.5 is the primary pollutant that worsens air quality and has many adverse effects on human health and the social economy. Measures to reduce CO 2 can synergistically reduce PM 2.5. This paper focuses on the transportation industry in China, which has high carbon and high pollution emissions. It initially evaluates the synergistic effect of CO 2 emissions and the impact of other socio-economic drivers on PM 2.5 emissions. Subsequently, it provides a comparative analysis of the projected trajectories of PM 2.5 emissions, along with the associated health and economic repercussions, across three scenarios from 2021 to 2030. The results show that: (1) The synergy effect of CO 2 reduction emerges as the primary driver for mitigating PM 2.5 emissions, whereas economic growth stands as the primary contributor to their escalation. (2) Both the green development (GD) scenario and the technological breakthrough (TB) scenario forecast a continuous decline in PM 2.5 in 2021–2030. By 2030, the GD and TB scenarios forecast a reduction of 32,000 and 39,500 tonnes of PM 2.5 , respectively, compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. (3) By 2030, in contrast to the BAU scenario, premature deaths will be reduced by 39.55%, and economic losses will be reduced by 234.738 billion CNY in the GD scenario; premature deaths will be reduced by 50.04%, and economic losses will be reduced by 263.107 billion CNY in the TB scenario. [Display omitted] • Explored the impact of carbon synergies on PM 2.5 emissions. • Modeled future trends in PM 2.5 evolution in the transportation industry. • Assessed the health effects of future PM 2.5 from the transportation industry. • Green development and technological breakthroughs may reduce 0.32% GDP loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement manufacturing, a fundamental process industry characterized by high CO 2 emissions, sees over 58% of its emissions stemming from the limestone calcination process. However, this significant source of CO 2 has not yet been adequately addressed by most existing cement decarbonization processes. As such, systematic environmental and economic comparisons between different cement processes are essential. This paper proposes a new cement process (NCP) that uses natural gas to react with limestone to reduce CO 2 emissions and simultaneously produce high-value-added chemical products (methanol). To explore strategies for further improving the performance of the CO 2 emission reduction, two processes are developed, integrating the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) units with the traditional cement process (TCP) and the NCP, namely TCP-ORC-CCS and NCP-ORC-CCS respectively. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic analysis were performed on the TCP, NCP, TCP-ORC-CCS, and NCP-ORC-CCS processes, revealing their advantages and limitations in different scenarios. LCA adopts the "cradle to gate" system boundary, which includes the whole cement process from ore mining to clinker generation and other processes used for carbon reduction. The LCA results show that four cement processes exhibit different environmental performances when choosing different allocation methods. Under economic allocation, the global warming potential (GWP) of TCP, NCP, TCP-ORC-CCS, and NCP-ORC-CCS are 933, 300, 432, and 194 kgCO 2 eq/ton·clinker, respectively. The comprehensive analysis indicates that NCP has the best comprehensive economic and environmental performance when natural gas and methanol prices are 332 and 319 $/ton, respectively. The price fluctuation of natural gas and methanol is found to greatly impact the levelized cost of clinker (LCOC) of NCP through sensitivity analysis. NCP is economically preferred over TCP when the price of methanol (MeOH) is at least $76 above approximately two-thirds of the price of methane (CH 4). Similarly, NCP-ORC-CCS is more advantageous than TCP-ORC-CCS when the price of MeOH is at least $87 above nearly two-thirds of the price of CH 4. This study provides a comprehensive analysis for low-carbon cement process design to achieve CO 2 emissions reduction. [Display omitted] • Detailed designing and modeling of the low-carbon cement processes. • Adopt CH 4 to calcine limestone, producing syngas and CH 3 OH for carbon reduction. • A framework of life cycle environmental and economic assessment is established. • NCP's GWP and LCOC are 67.84% and 20.79% lower than TCP under specific conditions. • Price fluctuation of CH 4 and CH 3 OH strongly impacts the LCOC of NCP-based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study establishes a low-carbon construction supply chain (CSC) composed of a developer and a contractor. The developer invests in low-carbon promotion (LCP) to give consumers more accurate information about the project's low-carbon aspects. The contractor invests in low-carbon construction technology (LCT) with the intention of reducing carbon emissions. This paper explores the investment strategies and cooperative behaviors of developers and contractors from the perspective of government subsidies and further studies the conditions that affect the successful implementation of cost-sharing contracts between the developer and contractor. This study considers four decision-making scenarios: decentralized decision-making without government subsidies, decentralized decision-making with government subsidies, unilateral cost-sharing contract (UCC) with government subsidies, and bilateral cost-sharing contract (BCC) with government subsidies. The findings indicate that: (1) The contractor's LCT investment has a better optimization effect on CSC than the developer's LCP investment. (2) When only government subsidies are implemented, subsidizing contractors is more conducive to the optimization of CSC. When UCC and BCC are further introduced, subsidizing developers becomes more beneficial. Moreover, excessively high subsidy standards are not conducive to the sustainable development of CSC. (3) UCC and BCC both hold the potential for Pareto improvements within CSC, with success contingent upon specific conditions, and BCC tends to achieve better optimization than UCC. (4) The marginal profits of developers and contractors primarily drive the effectiveness of contracts. CSC's sustainability is jeopardized by cost-sharing ratios that are either excessively high or too low. This study provides a robust theoretical foundation for promoting low-carbon cooperation among members of CSC and formulating government subsidy policies. [Display omitted] • The dynamic change of carbon reduction is considered. • The investment efficiency of developers and contractors is studied. • Two types of cost-sharing contracts are proposed. • The government subsidy standards and subsidy coefficients are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has demonstrated a significantly greater increase in its share of total energy consumption than carbon emissions in recent decades. This rise in renewable energy consumption did not effectively mitigate climate change, as evidenced by the accelerated rate of climate change. This paper aims to determine the cause of this failure by examining the total effect centrality and mediating effects of renewable energy in economic systems in the short run and long run. The total effect centrality and mediating effects of renewable energy illustrate the evolution of its overall impact on the major variables of an economic system and its role in mediating the indirect effects of these variables on carbon emissions, respectively. The study employs a recently developed network analysis that is a pioneer in the estimation of the time-varying total effect centrality and time-varying mediating effects of renewable energy, while also accounting for its cross-associations among all variables in a network. The study derives three conclusions by examining the three countries with the highest carbon emissions in their respective regions: the United States in North America, China in Asia, and Germany in Europe. First, renewable energy has become an essential element of economic systems, having a substantial total effect centrality on macroeconomic systems and, by way of its mediating effects, substantially mitigating the indirect effects of major macroeconomic variables on carbon emissions in the short run. Second, the total effect centrality and mediating effects of renewable energy diminish in the long run, indicating that its capacity to effectively mitigate climate change remains constrained in structural terms. Third, the long-term decline in total effect centrality rises by 0.3, 0.7, and 0.4 for the United States, Germany, and China, respectively. In the same nations, the long-term decline of mediating effects rises by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively. The study provides pertinent policy recommendations on how to augment the total effect centrality and mediating effects of renewable energy in economic systems. [Display omitted] • Explains why renewable energy failed in curbing the accelaration of climate change. • Introduces the 'total effect centrality' of renewable energy in economic systems. • Illustrates the time-varying mediation role of renewable energy in economic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon pricing is a crucial mechanism for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality through the carbon trading market. Recently, the price of carbon emissions allowances in China's national carbon market has shown a gradual upward trend. The limitations on carbon emissions allowances have also become increasingly stringent. Power generators, which primarily rely on thermal power generation, have a substantial demand for carbon emissions allowances. The rising prices and stricter carbon emissions constraints have increased operational costs. Therefore, exploring the carbon pricing mechanism under more stringent carbon emissions allowance constraints is vital. It encourages thermal power generators to engage in carbon trading and reduce carbon emissions. This paper focuses on an energy trading platform supply chain comprising three power generators, one energy trading platform, and one power retailer. We consider stringent carbon emissions constraints and power generation rights trading. Through the analysis of three scenarios, the study explores optimal pricing decisions for carbon emissions allowances to facilitate carbon emission reduction and promote renewable energy generation and consumption. The findings indicate that, under certain conditions (i.e., the carbon quotas allocation coefficient b 1 ∈ [ 0.73 , 0.8 ]), scenario 3, which excludes generation rights trading, yields the highest optimal carbon price. The energy trading platform can adjust various commissions to influence the carbon price, as well as the price and quantity of generation rights trading. Introducing power generation rights trading proves beneficial in reducing carbon emissions (nearly 400 tons less than that in scenario 3 without generation rights trading, when the realized total power demand is around 8600 MWh) and fostering renewable power generation and consumption (the actual renewable power consumption weight is 3% higher than that without generation rights trading). When considering generation rights trading, the high-emission generator and renewable power generator achieve the highest power profits, while for the low-emission generator, the profit in this case is the second best among these scenarios. Moreover, by decreasing the coefficient of carbon quotas allocation and increasing the reduction rate simultaneously, the carbon cost will pass through to the electricity price more sufficiently (e.g., when b 1 = 0.76 , the pass-through rate increases from 0.5015 to 0.7984), particularly within a specific range of the carbon quotas allocation coefficient. • Based on the energy platform supply chain, the optimal carbon price is explored. • Carbon cost pass-through is improved when the government sets harsher constraints. • The total carbon emissions will drop when considering generation rights trading. • Renewable energy power consumption can be promoted with generation rights trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how carbon emission reductions and offsets influence consumer perceptions of firm environmental sustainability. We hypothesize that consumers perceive firms that reduce (vs. offset) internally (vs. in the supply chain) as more sustainable, since these options are perceived to take more effort, used as a heuristic for altruism and sustainability. We also hypothesize that knowledge about climate change and offsets reduce the reliance on effort. The results from three experiments show that firms that reduce are perceived as more sustainable than firms that offset emissions, and that this effect is mediated through perceived effort and altruism. Reducing or offsetting internally (vs. in the supply chain) does not influence perceived sustainability, and knowledge about climate change or offsets does not reduce the effect of reduction (vs offsets). Employee participation in the offsetting does not increase perceived effort and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prevent hydrates from forming during the pressure reduction process in natural gas pressure reduction stations (i.e., city gate stations, CGS), fuel-intensive preheating methods are normally adopted, leading to high fuel consumption and carbon emissions. In this study, an innovative preheating system for natural gas is proposed, which is called the "Direct Geothermal Heating System" (DGHS). The main idea is to inject high-pressure natural gas into geothermal wells before the throttling valve; thus, natural gas is directly heated by the surrounding strata when it flows through the geothermal well. A proper temperature for natural gas should be ensured, as natural gas goes back to the ground for pressure regulation. The idea is performed based on the preheating configuration using coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers (DBHE). A mathematical model describing the flow and heat transfer processes of DGHS through DBHE is established to study its heat transfer characteristics. Additionally, the environmental and economic benefits of the proposed configuration are also investigated. Through the CGS case in this paper, the findings indicate that, over the fifteen years of preheating with a DBHE depth of 2000 m and inlet flow rate of 4.39 × 107 Nm³/year, the outlet temperature of the throttling valve remains within the range of 17 °C–37 °C, meeting the heating requirement of CGS. Among fifteen preheating cycles, the average peak heating power of the DBHE reaches 105.78 kW. In addition, in the 15th year, the proposed system has a 1/3 cost of a traditional line heater, along with a reduction of 46.43 × 105 kg in CO 2 emission. The DGHS for natural gas is easy to establish and operate; once it is promoted on a large scale, it will produce huge economic and environmental benefits. [Display omitted] • A new Direct Geothermal Heating System for preheating natural gas is introduced. • Coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers replace traditional line heaters for natural gas preheating. • Analyzed the heat transfer characteristics and environmental-economic benefits of the system. • After 15 cycles, the system costs one-third of traditional heaters and cuts CO 2 emissions by 4.643 million kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in carbon emissions linked to the tourism industry has challenged its long-standing reputation as an eco-friendly sector. In parallel, the digital economy's evolution has introduced a series of transformations within tourism. This necessitates a thorough examination of the intricate interplay between the digital economy and carbon emissions in the tourism sector. With the help of Chinese provincial panel data, this study uncovers a compelling relationship marked by an inverted "U" curve through two-way fixed model, moderated effects model and threshold regression analysis. Intriguingly, an increase in road density shifts the inflection point of this curve to the lower left. As road density reaches a critical threshold of 0.361, it not only amplifies the elasticity of the inverted "U" curve but also accelerates the timeline to reach peak tourism-related carbon emissions. This study underscores a significant practical implication: while digital technology exacerbates carbon emissions from tourism at this stage, the dampening effect of digital technology is to be expected as the development of industrial manufacturing brings better transportation. However, the timing of the tipping point may be earlier or later for different regions, depending on whether the local level of industry is sufficiently developed. • The inverted "U" curve relationship between digital economy growth and tourism carbon emissions at the provincial level in China is validated. • Transportation accessibility is a key mechanism by which the digital economy affects carbon emissions from tourism. • This paper predicts the conditions for an inflection point in tourism carbon emissions within digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with exhaustive process modelling, techno-economic and life cycle assessment (TEA/LCA) of olefin (ethylene and propylene) production through captured CO 2 and electrolytic hydrogen. Olefins are important building block chemicals with several applications and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) can provide a sustainable production route. The proposed system involves direct air capture (DAC) of CO 2 ; proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis for hydrogen production, methanol synthesis, methanol to olefins (MTO) upgrade, and power generation from off-shore wind turbines. This study proposes a new integrated process as the first attempt to holistically assess a whole CCU assembly aiming at olefins production. Processing modelling has been implemented using the Aspen plus V12.1 and MATLAB R2022a software to solve the mass and energy balances of each unit operation. The modelling results showed a carbon efficiency of 72.3% to ethylene and propylene. In addition, the process is designed and integrated in such a way that no external heat supply is required. A specific energy consumption (SEC) of 150 MJ/kg olefins (41 kWh/kg) has been estimated. A minimum selling price of £3.67 per kg of olefins is required for the proposed process to break-even. The sensitivity analysis has revealed that the major cost driver is the cost of electricity. In addition, the life cycle assessment (LCA) has exposed that the proposed synthesis route of olefins has the potential to reduce the global warming potential (GWP) by 47% compared to fossil - based production. The outcomes of this study can be beneficial to engineering conceptual studies, policy makers and contribute new information to the CCU academic community. [Display omitted] • Low-carbon olefin production through CO 2 capture and utilisation. • Process modelling, TEA and LCA are applied to the whole supply chain. • 4.88 kg of CO 2 are required to produce 1 kg of olefins. • The MSP of power to olefin is 3.67 £/kg. • CO 2 emission reduction of 47% can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global construction sector consumes 40 billion tonnes of raw materials and is responsible for considerable CO 2 emissions. With growing awareness of its environmental impact, the construction sector is looking to transition from a linear economy "take-make-waste" scenario towards more circular economy principles. Lightweight exterior infill walls are built between floors of primary structural frames to provide building façades. The design of these components is usually based on the current linear economic model. While lightweight exterior infill walls are becoming increasingly common in building construction in the UK, no studies have investigated the potential environmental benefits of designing them with circularity in mind. This means there's a lack of research on both the carbon footprint of these walls and the potential environmental benefits of reusing them. Thus, this article assesses the significance of the carbon emissions from lightweight exterior infill walls and examines whether there is any carbon reduction when lightweight exterior infill walls are demounted from the building frames and reused. This paper first examines the construction process of lightweight exterior infill walls and explores the opportunity to demount and reuse them. Then, the environmental impacts of the lightweight exterior infill walls are analysed using a lifecycle assessment framework. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are also conducted. The results demonstrate that (i) the embodied carbon of the lightweight exterior infill walls over their lifecycle represents approximately 22% of the embodied carbon of the entire building, and (ii) the disassembly and reuse of infill walls can reduce a building's embodied carbon over its typical lifetime by about 6% compared to the linear scenario where the walls were not reused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partisan divide over climate change issues in the U.S. has been increasing over time, particularly after the signing of the Kyoto protocol in 1997. This divide has posed a substantial hurdle to implementing a unified climate policy in the U.S. In this paper, I employ the Shapley value decomposition approach to measure the partisan gap in state-level per capita energy-related CO 2 emissions. Despite a decrease in overall carbon emissions and stable per capita carbon inequality between states (measured by the Gini index), the inequality between the so called 'red' and 'blue' states widened over the period between 1997 and 2021. This is true regardless of whether each state is treated as a unit of analysis or assigned a weight equal to its population. Throughout the period, the divide by political party color was more pronounced than that by many other dimensions, such as income, climatic condition, and geographic location. These results also hold true when Mean Log Deviation is used as the measure of inequality. Driven primarily by disparity in transportation sector and coal use for electricity generation, the partisan gap was worse in 2021 than in 2020. While the partisan gap intensified, the carbon distribution changed from being top-concentrated to bottom-concentrated between 1997 and 2019, only to be reversed in the aftermath of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and subsequent economic recovery in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research investigating the effectiveness of policy-driven transformation in resource-based cities has focused mainly on city-level impacts and has overlooked firm-level evidence. This paper filled this gap by focusing on its impact on firm-level carbon emissions. Drawing on the quasi-natural experiment of China's reform of resource-based city transformation, we utilize a difference-in-differences (DID) model based on nationwide firm-level tax survey data from 2009 to 2016. The findings indicate a noteworthy reduction in firms' carbon emissions due to the reform, particularly in growing-type resource-based cities and within the manufacturing industry. The empirical results provide evidence that the implementation of the "Plan" has effectively enhanced the level of urban resilience. Moreover, the findings demonstrate stronger effects on large firms, publicly owned firms, and firms in municipal districts. • Resource-based city transformation is effective at mitigating firm carbon emissions and enhancing urban resilience. • Different development stages exhibit heterogeneity in the effectiveness of firm emissions reductions. • Sector- and firm-specific characteristics play a significant role in reduction in firms' carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing multi-energy complementarity in project energy supply proves to be an efficient strategy for accomplishing low-carbon project scheduling. However, current project scheduling problems primarily concentrate on traditional single-energy models. They optimize schedules to reduce energy emissions but often neglect the potential of renewable energy. This paper integrates project scheduling and renewable energy as interrelated aspects. Based on a renewable energy supply model grounded in the generation characteristics of renewable energy sources, a model for MC-MRCPSPM (multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with multiple complementary energies in the manufacturing context) is constructed and a memetic algorithm is employed for its resolution. The research findings conclusively demonstrate that using renewable energy as a power source during project execution leads to an average reduction of approximately 58.8% in carbon emissions, with a justifiable 14.73% increase in energy costs. Employing a multi-energy complementarity approach in project scheduling effectively reduces carbon emissions while maintaining reasonable energy costs and offers project managers greater decision-making flexibility. [Display omitted] • Integrating renewable energy in project scheduling achieves low-carbon goals. • A model integrating renewable and conventional energy sources was proposed. • Proposing a memetic algorithm efficiently addresses the problem. • Multi-energy supply can reduce emissions, with slight cost increase. • References for optimizing cost-carbon balance in project management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the carbon compensation mechanism as a tool to promote coordinated economic and environmental development in China's Jing-Jin-Ji region (Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei). A novel approach for calculating carbon compensation cost that integrate emission responsibility as well as carbon abatement cost through a bi-level programming model is proposed. Shared producer and consumer responsibility is established for carbon emissions under the multi-regional input-output model. Marginal abatement costs of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei are further calculated through the input-output and linear programming method. Results highlight that the emission responsibility allocation method significantly affects the inter-regional carbon compensation amount. The production-based approach leads to a 77% reduction of carbon compensation amount from Beijing to Hebei, and a 170% overestimation from Tianjin to Hebei compared with the shared responsibility approach in 2060. The optimal carbon compensation unit cost ranges from 1539 to 6438 yuan/ton when the carbon reduction ratio ranges from 10% to 20%. Beijing would compensate Hebei 3.56 and 29.74 billion yuan for achieving 10% and 20% emission reduction, respectively. Similarly, Tianjin's compensation for Hebei would be 0.23 and 1.87 billion yuan in the two scenarios. Results further show that implementing the proposed carbon compensation mechanism can reduce total abatement cost by 43% and 84% in Jing-Jin-Ji under the two scenarios. The methods and results of this paper could help inform future carbon compensation implementation in China and other countries. • Develop a bi-level programming model to determine optimal carbon compensation cost. • Consider emission responsibility and carbon abatement cost in Jing-Jin-Ji. • Resulting mechanism reduces abatement cost by 43% for 10% emission reduction. • Production-based allocation underestimates carbon compensation amount by 62%. • Optimal carbon compensation unit cost changes with marginal abatement cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture in biomass or waste-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants has been considered a key measure to achieve negative emissions. To support decision-making, an accurate assessment of the potential contribution and the associated cost from the national perspective is urgently needed. This paper proposed a bottom-up approach based on a dynamic modelling to evaluate the potental of nationwide negative emissions. As heat supply is often prioritized by CHP plants, unchanged heat generation is a prerequisite of this study. Two operating modes (OMs) for the integration of CO 2 capture are investigated, which can represent the upper and lower boundaries of CO 2 capture: OM1 aims to maximize the amount of captured CO 2 , while electricity generation can be sacrificed; OM2 aims to maximize the amount of captured CO 2 , while the electricity generation is maintained unchanged. Sweden is employed as a case study. Results show that operating CO 2 capture in OM1 can achieve 8.7 million ton CO 2 nationwide negative emissions a year, while operating CO 2 capture in OM2 can generate 4.3 million ton CO 2 positive emissions a year, which represents a reduction of 6.3 million tonCO 2 a year compared with the reference plant without CO 2 capture. The levelized costs of CO 2 avoided are 36.9 USD/tonCO 2 and 52.0 USD/tonCO 2 for OM1 and OM2, respectively. The biogenic fraction of waste has a significant influence on negative emissions. According to the Swedish climate goal about bioenergy with CO 2 capture and storage (BECCS), to achieve 3 million ton negative CO 2 emissions a year, the minimum biogenic fractions should be 32.8% and 84.3% for operating CO 2 capture in OM1 and OM2, respectively; in contrast, to achieve 10 million ton negative emissions a year, biomass and waste-fired CHP plants have to operate CO 2 capture in OM1 and the biogenic fraction needs to be over 59.9%. • The potential range of negative CO 2 emissions from CHP plants is identified. • The costs associated with capturing CO 2 from CHP plants are evaluated. • The biogenic fraction of fuel shows a large impact on net CO 2 emissions. • CO 2 capture is operated based on the prerequisite of unchanged heat generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]