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This study aims to explore the direct and indirect impacts of the Carbon Emission Trading System (CETS) on the green transition development (GTD) of Chinese cities. This paper constructs a GTD evaluation system from the perspective of prevention and governance at the source, in terms of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth, and measures the GTD performance of 281 cities based on the EW-TOPSIS model. It is found that the average increase in GTD of the sample cities from 2006 to 2020 is 3.40 %, the GTD progress of the 281 cities has a considerable positive spatial autocorrelation, with the GTD progress of the CETS pilot cities being significantly bigger than that of the non-pilot cities. Further this paper adopts the spatial difference model (S-DID) to scientifically identify the influence mechanism and heterogeneity of the direct and spatial effects of CETS on city GTD, and the results show that CETS has a positive effect on the GTD of both local and neighboring cities. Propensity score matching (PSM) is used to further corroborate these findings. The study also shows that CETS improves local GTD by promoting green innovation, rationalizing industrial structures, and enhancing energy efficiency in cities. Nevertheless, the ensuing siphon effect hinders nearby cities' levels of energy efficiency, industrial structure rationalization, and green innovation. The policy effects of CETS are more significant in large cities, eastern cities, old industrial areas, and non-resource-based cities. CETS can work in synergy with smart city construction, low-carbon city pilot policies, and emission trading policies to accelerate the process of GTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emissions trading system is one of the primary instruments of the European region to achieve emissions reduction targets. As an alternative, some scholars investigate the potential role of electricity trading on emissions reduction as well. Acknowledging the fact that renewable sources and technical expertise may be concentrated in a few geographical areas, cross-border electricity trading provides a means to exploit these renewable resources, and therefore increase the potential for cleaner production of electricity. In the research presented in this paper, we decompose the effects of electricity trading to changes in CO 2 emissions of the top 20 electricity trading countries in the European region. We compare the contributions of electricity imports and exports to changes in carbon emissions with those of traditional drivers, e.g. energy intensity, economic activity and population growth. A novel identity function was formulated in this paper to include the effects of electricity imports and exports in the decomposition analysis, using the logarithmic mean divisia index. Our results show that the European region offset approximately 10.3 MtCO 2 from 1990 to 2014 due to electricity trading. This is because of large clean energy exports from France, Sweden and Switzerland. However, some countries have been adversely affected by electricity exporting, significantly increasing their emissions. In some countries, the increases in carbon emissions due to electricity exporting even outweighed increases due to population growth. To conclude, we discuss policy and wider implications for sustainable practice of electricity trading in the context of emissions reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable development, Chinese governments have introduced "1+N" "dual-carbon" policy system aimed at reducing CO 2 emissions, transforming energy structures and controlling pollution. An effective policy mix and synergy is crucial for achieving the emission reduction targets and for ensuring the effectiveness of the policies, and it is therefore of great practical importance to provide a pathway for policy synergy based on assessing policy effectiveness. This paper selects three policies, namely the carbon Emission Trading System (ETS), Coal Control and Clean Utilization (CCCU), and Green Financial Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone (GFPZ), sets up ten scenarios, adopts difference-in-differences (DID) models to evaluate the impact, and give a pathway for policy synergy. The results show that ETS, CCCU, and GFPZ policies have significant positive effects on carbon emission reduction, energy structure transformation, and industrial environmental pollution control, respectively; CCCU has synergistic effects with ETS and GFPZ policies in controlling coal consumption and increasing the completion of industrial pollution control investments, respectively; while GFPZ policies have conflicting effects with CCCU and ETS in reducing carbon emissions and coal consumption, the GFPZ policy has conflicting effects with CCCU and ETS in reducing carbon emissions and controlling coal consumption. Finally, the study proposes a phased policy support system around carbon emission reduction in the power generation industry, energy structure transformation, and industrial environmental pollution control before 2030 and from 2030 to 2060. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, massive carbon emissions have caused serious global environmental damage such as a worsening greenhouse effect and thick haze. To curb carbon emissions as well as maintain sustainable economic development, governments promote the development of low carbon economy by issuing multiple policies among which the cap-and-trade policy (CTP) and low carbon subsidy policy (LCSP) are widely adopted. Moreover, manufacturers are increasingly adopting carbon emission reduction technology to produce greener products considering related government policies and rising environmental awareness among consumers. To give policy-making insights to governments as well as production and carbon emission reduction decision-making insights to manufacturers, this paper investigates the impacts of CTP and LCSP on the production and carbon emission reduction level of a manufacturer, and explores which policy is better for society. The results show that the carbon emission reduction level increases as the carbon trading price increases, whereas it is independent of the unit low carbon subsidy. Interestingly, the carbon trading price does not always have a negative effect on the manufacturer's profit, and the cap does not always produce a positive effect on the manufacturer's profit. More importantly, we find that LCSP is more beneficial to society when the environmental damage coefficient is less than a threshold, but otherwise CTP is more beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) is an important market-based tool for achieving carbon neutrality. The existing research on the policy effect of ETS focuses on emission reduction effect and economic effect respectively. In view of this, based on the connotations of green development, we embed fairness toward the environment into the green development system to construct a balanced green development index to measure two dimensions, namely, efficiency and fairness. Theoretically understand the synergistic development effect of economic growth and ecological environment quality produced by the implementation of ETS, and analyze the impact of carbon market on balanced green development. A multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model explores the impact of China's carbon ETS on the green equilibrium level by using Chinese provincial panel data for the period 2008–2018. First, the results demonstrate that China's balanced green development level is weakly coordinated overall and there is a global spatial agglomeration effect. Second, the carbon ETS has significantly improved the level of balanced green development which promotes the degree of coordination between green economic growth and environmental fairness, offering an effective path that includes efficiency and fairness for green development. Third, there are regional differences in the impact of the carbon ETS on green equilibrium levels. The effect on the western region of China was significantly higher than that of the central and eastern regions of China. Compared with the existing research, the study breaks the single research perspective. From the perspective of efficiency and fairness, we propose improvements in the construction of a national unified carbon emissions trading market to strengthen the balanced green development. This paper provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for deepening China's green and high-quality development under the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goal. [Display omitted] • Evaluation system of Balanced Green Development Index is constructed. • The system was applied to balance green economic growth with environmental equity. • Emission trading scheme has significantly improved the level of balanced green development. • The promotion effect is more obvious in western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper deals with the possibility of using beef tallow and beef tallow biodiesel in energy generation. The environmental, energetic and social–economic aspects are discussed. The steps for obtaining biodiesel from beef tallow are presented as well as the characterization of beef tallow and beef tallow biodiesel. Results for performance and emissions of using beef tallow and beef tallow biodiesel in a stationary engine are also shown. Beef tallow can be successfully applied in compression ignition engine blending with diesel up to 15% of beef tallow. Beef tallow can also be converted in biodiesel and applied in compression ignition engines neat or blended with diesel in any proportion. In the case of neat beef tallow biodiesel, it is not recommended to be used in cold weather conditions, due to its relatively low pour point. The possibility of using beef tallow in power generation, leads to the concepts of sustainability and cleaner production, by the use of a material usually discarded in butcheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sustainable development has occupied a vital position in the field of service design. Since it requires the linkage between economic value and environmental benefits, how to organize service models with social networks becomes a key issue. Related studies generally focus on reducing cost and waste through product-based services; organizational activities and policy-oriented services are relatively ignored. In addition, few methods are adopted to generate service concepts with operational techniques or principles. Hence, “feedback map” and “service flow modeling” are proposed in this paper to help decision makers build appropriate service models. These tools are integrated with existing methods and knowledge, making a systematic framework to handle the information flows in service design. A workshop with the experiment is carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results indicate that this framework provides comprehensive information and guidance to fit service activities to sustainable development. It also improves the cooperation across profit and non-profit sectors and different knowledge domains, assisting planners in exploring more possibilities of service types. Moreover, it considers not only product development but also relative strategies or actions for sustainability. It appears that this approach is applicable to deal with complicated situations involving multiple service participants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]