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There is a perceived need to develop approaches, methods and tools that may help higher education institutions to systematically introduce the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into research and teaching as an intrinsic part of their programs. However, at present, there is a gap in the literature on the suitable means to do so. This paper addresses this gap by examining the many foci and commitments for and about the SDGs that are currently included in university programs. An overview of the SDGs' focus at universities was presented using a survey to gather qualitative and quantitative data.. Based on current trends and gaps, this paper identifies the need for a framework which may be of assistance in facilitating the inclusion of the SDGs as a whole, and individually targets in particular in the programs of institutions of higher education. The scientific contribution of this paper value lies in the fact that this is one of the first papers to tackle the need for a framework which caters to a more systematic introduction of the SDGs in university programs. The basis for the framework approach, here introduced, includes institutional, thematic, structural and personal/individual aspects which need to be considered for proper implementation of the SDGs at the university level.

There is a perceived need to develop approaches, methods and tools that may help higher education institutions to systematically introduce the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into research and teaching as an intrinsic part of their programs. However, at present, there is a gap in the literature on the suitable means to do so. This paper addresses this gap by examining the many foci and commitments for and about the SDGs that are currently included in university programs. An overview of the SDGs' focus at universities was presented using a survey to gather qualitative and quantitative data.. Based on current trends and gaps, this paper identifies the need for a framework which may be of assistance in facilitating the inclusion of the SDGs as a whole, and individually targets in particular in the programs of institutions of higher education. The scientific contribution of this paper value lies in the fact that this is one of the first papers to tackle the need for a framework which caters to a more systematic introduction of the SDGs in university programs. The basis for the framework approach, here introduced, includes institutional, thematic, structural and personal/individual aspects which need to be considered for proper implementation of the SDGs at the university level.

Diversity of food systems and their interaction with the environment has become a research topic for many years. Scientists use various models to explain environmental issues of food systems. This paper gives an overview of main streams in analyzing this topic. A literature review was performed by analyzing published scientific papers on environmental impacts in the food chain. The selection criteria were focused on different environmental approaches applied in the food chain and on the perspectives of future research. This review shows that on the one side there are generic environmental models developed by environmental scientists and as such applied on food. On the other side, there are models developed by food scientists in order to analyze food-environmental interactions. The environmental research in food industry can be categorized as product, process or system oriented. This study confirmed that the focus of product based approach is mainly performed through life-cycle assessments. The process based approach focuses on food processes such as heat transfer, cleaning and sanitation and various approaches in food waste management. Environmental systems in the food chain were the least investigated stream analyzing levels of environmental practices in place. Future research perspectives are the emerging challenges related to environmental impacts of novel food processing technologies, innovative food packaging and changes in diets and food consumption in connection with climate and environmental changes.

Diversity of food systems and their interaction with the environment has become a research topic for many years. Scientists use various models to explain environmental issues of food systems. This paper gives an overview of main streams in analyzing this topic. A literature review was performed by analyzing published scientific papers on environmental impacts in the food chain. The selection criteria were focused on different environmental approaches applied in the food chain and on the perspectives of future research. This review shows that on the one side there are generic environmental models developed by environmental scientists and as such applied on food. On the other side, there are models developed by food scientists in order to analyze food-environmental interactions. The environmental research in food industry can be categorized as product, process or system oriented. This study confirmed that the focus of product based approach is mainly performed through life-cycle assessments. The process based approach focuses on food processes such as heat transfer, cleaning and sanitation and various approaches in food waste management. Environmental systems in the food chain were the least investigated stream analyzing levels of environmental practices in place. Future research perspectives are the emerging challenges related to environmental impacts of novel food processing technologies, innovative food packaging and changes in diets and food consumption in connection with climate and environmental changes.

Diversity of food systems and their interaction with the environment has become a research topic for many years. Scientists use various models to explain environmental issues of food systems. This paper gives an overview of main streams in analyzing this topic. A literature review was performed by analyzing published scientific papers on environmental impacts in the food chain. The selection criteria were focused on different environmental approaches applied in the food chain and on the perspectives of future research. This review shows that on the one side there are generic environmental models developed by environmental scientists and as such applied on food. On the other side, there are models developed by food scientists in order to analyze food-environmental interactions. The environmental research in food industry can be categorized as product, process or system oriented. This study confirmed that the focus of product based approach is mainly performed through life-cycle assessments. The process based approach focuses on food processes such as heat transfer, cleaning and sanitation and various approaches in food waste management. Environmental systems in the food chain were the least investigated stream analyzing levels of environmental practices in place. Future research perspectives are the emerging challenges related to environmental impacts of novel food processing technologies, innovative food packaging and changes in diets and food consumption in connection with climate and environmental changes.

Diversity of food systems and their interaction with the environment has become a research topic for many years. Scientists use various models to explain environmental issues of food systems. This paper gives an overview of main streams in analyzing this topic. A literature review was performed by analyzing published scientific papers on environmental impacts in the food chain. The selection criteria were focused on different environmental approaches applied in the food chain and on the perspectives of future research. This review shows that on the one side there are generic environmental models developed by environmental scientists and as such applied on food. On the other side, there are models developed by food scientists in order to analyze food-environmental interactions. The environmental research in food industry can be categorized as product, process or system oriented. This study confirmed that the focus of product based approach is mainly performed through life-cycle assessments. The process based approach focuses on food processes such as heat transfer, cleaning and sanitation and various approaches in food waste management. Environmental systems in the food chain were the least investigated stream analyzing levels of environmental practices in place. Future research perspectives are the emerging challenges related to environmental impacts of novel food processing technologies, innovative food packaging and changes in diets and food consumption in connection with climate and environmental changes.

Sustainability has become a concern in transportation of food. This paper provides an analysis of transportation sustainability performance using fuzzy logic. Recognizing the lack of evidence for claiming that "local food" is more sustainable, the challenge before transportation was how to evaluate two opposed dairy distribution systems - local and cross-country. The proposed model presented in this paper compromises four criteria resource depletion, climate impact, economy and society with a total of 13 indicators into one transportation sustainability index. The model was validated for two dairy products from data presented by four dairy plants representing 32% of total raw milk processed annually in Serbia. The novelty of this approach lies in identifying economic and social factors applicable to local and big dairy companies. Findings suggest that big dairy plants with a developed distribution system, joint with social and economic indicators have better results in terms of transportation sustainability. As a conclusion, ideas hidden behind term "localism" in food systems in relation to transportation impacts may need to be reconsidered. The results indicate that this model is capable of assessing transportation sustainability and has practical relevance in the food dairy sector. The strength of this approach is its practical applicability and the ability for researchers to deploy this model to other food sectors.

This paper presents an eco-friendly approach for minimizing heavy metal pollution, offering food waste valorization and energy source at the same time. It focuses on Cu(II) sorption by low cost sorbent developed by mechanical treatment of Prunus persica L. stones, a food industry waste biomass. Removal of Cu(II) was studied at different operating parameters in a batch sorption system, with special attention on temperature effect on sorption process. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich model were applied to test kinetic experimental data. Equilibrium experimental results were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Toth and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms to elucidate the type and sorption performance. Characteristic functional groups responsible for Cu(II) binding and thermal behavior of PS have been investigated using FT-IR and TGA analyses. The activation parameters were calculated using Arrhenius and Eyring equations. Using equilibrium data at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were calculated, suggesting that the sorption of Cu(II) on PS is spontaneous and endothermic process with increased randomness during the sorption. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Delta H-iso) was determined, suggesting the non -uniformity of PS surface and lateral interactions among ions sorbed. Desorption experiments performed with different chemicals have confirmed the reusability of PS for five cycles, without losing and even improving its sorption capacity. Results presented in this paper might help in appropriate design of purification systems using this type of lignocellulosic waste.

This paper presents an eco-friendly approach for minimizing heavy metal pollution, offering food waste valorization and energy source at the same time. It focuses on Cu(II) sorption by low cost sorbent developed by mechanical treatment of Prunus persica L. stones, a food industry waste biomass. Removal of Cu(II) was studied at different operating parameters in a batch sorption system, with special attention on temperature effect on sorption process. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich model were applied to test kinetic experimental data. Equilibrium experimental results were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Toth and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms to elucidate the type and sorption performance. Characteristic functional groups responsible for Cu(II) binding and thermal behavior of PS have been investigated using FT-IR and TGA analyses. The activation parameters were calculated using Arrhenius and Eyring equations. Using equilibrium data at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were calculated, suggesting that the sorption of Cu(II) on PS is spontaneous and endothermic process with increased randomness during the sorption. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Delta H-iso) was determined, suggesting the non -uniformity of PS surface and lateral interactions among ions sorbed. Desorption experiments performed with different chemicals have confirmed the reusability of PS for five cycles, without losing and even improving its sorption capacity. Results presented in this paper might help in appropriate design of purification systems using this type of lignocellulosic waste.

This paper presents an eco-friendly approach for minimizing heavy metal pollution, offering food waste valorization and energy source at the same time. It focuses on Cu(II) sorption by low cost sorbent developed by mechanical treatment of Prunus persica L. stones, a food industry waste biomass. Removal of Cu(II) was studied at different operating parameters in a batch sorption system, with special attention on temperature effect on sorption process. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich model were applied to test kinetic experimental data. Equilibrium experimental results were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Toth and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms to elucidate the type and sorption performance. Characteristic functional groups responsible for Cu(II) binding and thermal behavior of PS have been investigated using FT-IR and TGA analyses. The activation parameters were calculated using Arrhenius and Eyring equations. Using equilibrium data at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were calculated, suggesting that the sorption of Cu(II) on PS is spontaneous and endothermic process with increased randomness during the sorption. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Delta H-iso) was determined, suggesting the non -uniformity of PS surface and lateral interactions among ions sorbed. Desorption experiments performed with different chemicals have confirmed the reusability of PS for five cycles, without losing and even improving its sorption capacity. Results presented in this paper might help in appropriate design of purification systems using this type of lignocellulosic waste.

Different standards drive organizations to use energy more efficiently. ISO 50001 provides a basis for energy management improvement. The energy management standards represent a good practice, but they are not the best energy performance models. Energy maturity models help achieve superior performance. The paper proposes a new ISO 50001-based energy management maturity model which links ISO 50001 processes and Capability Maturity Model Integration criteria. The paper presents organizations that surpass ISO 50001 certification requirements, reaching higher maturity levels. A knowledge base that has been founded on the ISO 50001 processes, Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle and Capability Maturity Model Integration criteria, represents a novelty and a real contribution of the paper. This knowledge base contributes to better understanding and implementing energy management system, since it shows the relationship between the ISO 50001, which is an example of good practice in. the energy management system implementation; the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, which underpins all the standards for systems management; and Capability Maturity Model Integration criteria, which can be associated with certain phases of the energy management systems development as shown in literature. The model for assessing the maturity of the energy management system utilizes a combination of different management concepts, which has not been displayed in the literature so far. The model was validated through its application in ISO 50001 certified and non-certified organizations and its validation shows that all maturity levels exist in practice. The model is universal and can be applied in manufacturing, as well as in service sectors. For ISO 50001 non-certified organizations there is a wide spread of results, while ISO 50001 certified organizations' results reveal consistency. The obtained results can be used as the reference for benchmarking studies in different industries and different countries. The proposed

Providing an efficient and reliable system of medical waste management is one of the key environmental issues not only for health-care institutions but for a wider range of organizations and communities. Medical waste produced in health care is a special kind of waste, which, if inadequately treated, can cause numerous possible health and safety hazards for people and the environment. In this paper the authors introduce an application for risk assessment of infectious medical waste management in the biggest health institution of South-East Europe the Clinical Centre of Serbia. The fault tree analysis (FTA) method was used in the assessment regarding its three aspects functional, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis provided the structural function of the system and minimal cut sets, whilst the quantitative analysis based on experts' evaluations defined the probability of both basic and top events (spreading of infection with medical waste). Finally, according to Birbaim's, RAW (Risk achievement worth), RRW (Risk reduction worth) and Fussell-Vesely's importance measures, the events have been ranked regarding their effect on the undesired event related to infectious medical waste management. In this paper, we have chosen the FTA approach because it enables the analysis of the individual risks (like the most of the risk assessment methods used in medical waste management FMEA, HACCP, PHA, CREA) but it also provides the analysis of risk relationships and interdependences. Based on the obtained results we identified the basic failures in the medical waste management systems whose prevention or mitigation have the biggest influence on the observed system improvement. Furthermore, the research presented in this paper has clearly pointed out that the FTA method and importance measures can be used in the risk assessment of the medical waste and should be taken into consideration in appropriate medical waste management systems.

Main problem addressed in this paper is assessment of quality of current methodologies for expressing environmental tax revenue, since measurements' outcomes have significant influence on the future environmental policies and legislation. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the existing way of measuring financial effects of environmental taxation in EU27 and propose new methodology approach, based on use of ETE - Environmental Taxation Efficiency as a new indicator suggested by authors. The first phase of the study involves the analysis of quality of measuring two existing methodologies (based on the use of GDP and total revenues). In second research stage, the authors apply the newly proposed methodology for determining a composite ETE indicator that, apart from existing indicators, takes into account the environmental taxation effects per capita, as an indicator unjustifiably neglected in previous methods of measuring. Measurement of environmental taxation by using a newly-proposed composite indicator shows significant differences in ranking compared to two current methodologies in use. Only 6 countries showed a very similar rank, regardless of the methodology applied. Differences by more than ten ranking positions were found in 12 countries. The overall results showed significant differences in ranking of all EU-27 countries by using all four indicated methodologies, which clearly points to the conclusion that further improvements are needed. ETE methodology limits predominant role of GDP and introduces a social component which should serve as a basis for further development of a unique methodology for establishing efficient environmental taxation implementation.

This paper investigates the ability of waste apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel shells (AKS) bio-char prepared by single-step carbonization process at 850 degrees C (residence time of 1 h) for possible removal of toxic elements and organic micro-pollutants. The experiment that was performed as well as parameters used proved to be optimal for bio-char production as adsorbing medium, where last issue is validated by multiform material characterization techniques. It has been shown that the produced bio-char possess highly-porous morphology features, with large specific surface area (328.570 m(2) g(-1)). The obtained product was characterized by various pore sizes (including super-micropores and mesopores with maximum pore size of 2.24 nm) structures. Preliminary results are indicated that obtained bio-char can shows increased affinity to possible adsorption of the small organic molecule contaminants upgraded by its physico-chemical properties. Cost estimation of AKS bio-char production substantiated its cost effectiveness and its good physical and chemical properties for future design in batch adsorption and regeneration tests. It was established that AKS produced bio-char was 2.5 times cheaper than the commercially available activated carbon. Bio-char exhibits promising removal performances for potential adsorption of heavy metal and organic micro-pollutants from wastewaters systems, as indicated by material textures and spectroscopy measurements.

Universities are central players and important economic actors in many regions, and many of them are, in general, nationally and internationally active in respect of matters related to sustainable development. But there is a paucity of research which examines their contributions towards sustainability efforts at the local level, i.e. in the places they are situated. This paper addresses this need, by reporting on a qualitative study deploying a Matrix, which allows an analysis and reporting of regional sustainable development initiatives of a set of 22 universities in industrialised and developing countries. Recommendations to enhance their role are provided, including the importance of pursuing partnerships and joint initiatives, understanding the need of local communities, and making their know-how more widely available. The scientific value of this research is related to the understanding of how the interaction between universities and local communities happens and by shedding light to this topic, it supports universities to improve their own actions. Its implications are two-fold: it demonstrates the potential of universities as local players and outlines the range of activities they may engage with, and which may allow them to act as pillars to local sustainability initiatives.

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the chicken meat chain, including 119 different farms, slaughterhouses, meat processors and retailers, as well as 500 households. A total of 619 life cycle assessment calculations have been completed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering five subsystems: 'chicken farm', 'slaughterhouse', 'meat processing plant', 'retail' and 'household use'. Structured surveys in selected entities have been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Five environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion and cumulative energy demand. The focus of the research was put on global warming potential, ozone layer depletion and cumulative energy demand, as these three indicators had significant values for each of the examined subsystems. As a general finding, this study found that the largest contributor to the environmental profile of the entire chicken meat chain is feed production and energy usage. Mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the utilization of grain legumes as protein source in feed, treating of chicken litter in a biogas digester, application of the energy efficient equipment through the entire chain and recycling of household waste.

Higher education plays an important role in furthering the sustainability agenda, as reflected in a growing body of literature. While there have been several recent reviews of this work, these have been limited in scope and do not explicitly discuss implementations of sustainability in higher education curricula. In response, this paper presents a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature on integrating sustainability into curricula at both an undergraduate and postgraduate level of study in one particular subject area - engineering. A total of 247 articles, of which 70 were case reports, have been analyzed. Twelve future research questions emerged from the analysis, including: the exploration of the knowledge and value frameworks of students and teachers; the exploration of stakeholder influence, including by accreditation institutions, industry partners, parents, and society; and, the use of competencies to evaluate implementations. It is hoped that answering these questions will help to enhance education such that engineers are prepared, engaged, and empowered to confront the environmental, social, and economic challenges of the 21st century.

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the chicken meat chain, including 119 different farms, slaughterhouses, meat processors and retailers, as well as 500 households. A total of 619 life cycle assessment calculations have been completed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering five subsystems: 'chicken farm', 'slaughterhouse', 'meat processing plant', 'retail' and 'household use'. Structured surveys in selected entities have been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Five environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion and cumulative energy demand. The focus of the research was put on global warming potential, ozone layer depletion and cumulative energy demand, as these three indicators had significant values for each of the examined subsystems. As a general finding, this study found that the largest contributor to the environmental profile of the entire chicken meat chain is feed production and energy usage. Mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the utilization of grain legumes as protein source in feed, treating of chicken litter in a biogas digester, application of the energy efficient equipment through the entire chain and recycling of household waste.

Sustainable development as a concept that aims to enhance the quality of life without affecting environment has been in focus in European policies since the last decade of 20th century. The objectives of EU Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS) are grouped into ten thematic areas, where almost each theme has at least one headline and several operational sustainable development indicators (SDIs). A large number of SDIs is needed to evaluate all EU SDS goals, which imposes the use of multivariate data mining techniques. This paper presents an empirical study carried out to assess the sustainability performance of European countries using the differential multi criteria analysis (DMCA) technique. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization MeTHod for Enrichment Evaluations) was applied on 38 headline and operational SDIs defined under the EU SDS. This DMCA was applied to 30 European countries over a 10-year period (2004-2014) with the aim to determine the theme specific, as well as, overall sustainability progress. The DMCA reveals that the majority of European countries have made progress in sustainability in the studied period, where Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary and Sweden, have enhanced their sustainability performance concerning all themes. There are only two countries, namely Greece and Ireland, which have not made overall progress in this period. Also, above the average progress has been made concerning social inclusion, sustainable transport, and climate change and energy, while in all other themes additional efforts should be made in order to ensure sustainable performance progress in future years. Although the progress in reducing uneven development between EU members has been made, after 2009 a positive trend can be observed only in a limited number of SDS themes.

In Serbia, a developing country, energy consumption per capita is higher than in most other countries in the region. Implementation of energy management practices is therefore necessary to cut energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper gives an insight into how energy management is implemented in Serbian manufacturing (focusing on food processing and manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products, defined as priority industrial sectors). No similar study for Serbian manufacturing has been published. The study was carried out using an on-line questionnaire based on the ISO 50001 requirements. Questions were grouped into 16 categories and presented according to the PDCA (Plan-Do Check-Act) cycle. The propbsed methodology has not been used by other researchers for similar problems. The survey was conducted in 52 organizations and lasted from May to December 2015. We found that the average level of requirements fulfillment in priority industrial sectors in Serbia is 59.05%. Full implementation was found in only 5.8% of participating organizations. Average implementation of the PLAN phase (establishing basics for energy management) is 61.87%, implementation of the DO phase (realization of energy management processes) is 59.98%, implementation of the CHECK phase (monitoring and measurement of energy performance) is 59.61%, and finally, implementation of the ACT phase (review and improvement of energy management) is only 3534%. The study results offer scientific data for improving national policy and education on energy management in Serbia.

Sustainable development as a concept that aims to enhance the quality of life without affecting environment has been in focus in European policies since the last decade of 20th century. The objectives of EU Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS) are grouped into ten thematic areas, where almost each theme has at least one headline and several operational sustainable development indicators (SDIs). A large number of SDIs is needed to evaluate all EU SDS goals, which imposes the use of multivariate data mining techniques. This paper presents an empirical study carried out to assess the sustainability performance of European countries using the differential multi criteria analysis (DMCA) technique. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization MeTHod for Enrichment Evaluations) was applied on 38 headline and operational SDIs defined under the EU SDS. This DMCA was applied to 30 European countries over a 10-year period (2004-2014) with the aim to determine the theme specific, as well as, overall sustainability progress. The DMCA reveals that the majority of European countries have made progress in sustainability in the studied period, where Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary and Sweden, have enhanced their sustainability performance concerning all themes. There are only two countries, namely Greece and Ireland, which have not made overall progress in this period. Also, above the average progress has been made concerning social inclusion, sustainable transport, and climate change and energy, while in all other themes additional efforts should be made in order to ensure sustainable performance progress in future years. Although the progress in reducing uneven development between EU members has been made, after 2009 a positive trend can be observed only in a limited number of SDS themes.

The aim of this paper was to emphasise the need for a volatile organic compounds VOC policy review in the field of river barge transportation of petrochemicals. Review of the VOC policy shows that barges neither fall under an integrated pollution prevention and control permit nor any other regulation or incentive related environmental policy. Current situation and trend in this area is presented through a case study of the Danube River, Serbia. The case study shows that evaporative losses have increased c ca 22 times in period 2006-2010 and, that vapour collection system can reduce VOC emissions by up to 3 times. A proposal for improved VOC policy has been developed in detail based on the following elements: a) The appropriate Best Available Techniques reference document (BREF) should include the transport sector; b) Mandatory reporting of VOC emitted during barge transport of crude oil and crude oil derivates should be introduced, and c) A pollution charge should be introduced on all barges without vapour collection system installed "onboard". Three potential scenarios for the VOC charge are presented, which vary according to the charge introducing dynamics. The differences between scenarios are in initial levels of charge, but the final charge is same for all three and it is proposed to be 220 (sic) per capacity ton.

The aim of this paper was to emphasise the need for a volatile organic compounds VOC policy review in the field of river barge transportation of petrochemicals. Review of the VOC policy shows that barges neither fall under an integrated pollution prevention and control permit nor any other regulation or incentive related environmental policy. Current situation and trend in this area is presented through a case study of the Danube River, Serbia. The case study shows that evaporative losses have increased c ca 22 times in period 2006-2010 and, that vapour collection system can reduce VOC emissions by up to 3 times. A proposal for improved VOC policy has been developed in detail based on the following elements: a) The appropriate Best Available Techniques reference document (BREF) should include the transport sector; b) Mandatory reporting of VOC emitted during barge transport of crude oil and crude oil derivates should be introduced, and c) A pollution charge should be introduced on all barges without vapour collection system installed "onboard". Three potential scenarios for the VOC charge are presented, which vary according to the charge introducing dynamics. The differences between scenarios are in initial levels of charge, but the final charge is same for all three and it is proposed to be 220 (sic) per capacity ton.

The aim of this paper was to emphasise the need for a volatile organic compounds VOC policy review in the field of river barge transportation of petrochemicals. Review of the VOC policy shows that barges neither fall under an integrated pollution prevention and control permit nor any other regulation or incentive related environmental policy. Current situation and trend in this area is presented through a case study of the Danube River, Serbia. The case study shows that evaporative losses have increased c ca 22 times in period 2006-2010 and, that vapour collection system can reduce VOC emissions by up to 3 times. A proposal for improved VOC policy has been developed in detail based on the following elements: a) The appropriate Best Available Techniques reference document (BREF) should include the transport sector; b) Mandatory reporting of VOC emitted during barge transport of crude oil and crude oil derivates should be introduced, and c) A pollution charge should be introduced on all barges without vapour collection system installed "onboard". Three potential scenarios for the VOC charge are presented, which vary according to the charge introducing dynamics. The differences between scenarios are in initial levels of charge, but the final charge is same for all three and it is proposed to be 220 (sic) per capacity ton.

The aim of this paper was to emphasise the need for a volatile organic compounds VOC policy review in the field of river barge transportation of petrochemicals. Review of the VOC policy shows that barges neither fall under an integrated pollution prevention and control permit nor any other regulation or incentive related environmental policy. Current situation and trend in this area is presented through a case study of the Danube River, Serbia. The case study shows that evaporative losses have increased c ca 22 times in period 2006-2010 and, that vapour collection system can reduce VOC emissions by up to 3 times. A proposal for improved VOC policy has been developed in detail based on the following elements: a) The appropriate Best Available Techniques reference document (BREF) should include the transport sector; b) Mandatory reporting of VOC emitted during barge transport of crude oil and crude oil derivates should be introduced, and c) A pollution charge should be introduced on all barges without vapour collection system installed "onboard". Three potential scenarios for the VOC charge are presented, which vary according to the charge introducing dynamics. The differences between scenarios are in initial levels of charge, but the final charge is same for all three and it is proposed to be 220 (sic) per capacity ton.

The aim of this paper was to emphasise the need for a volatile organic compounds VOC policy review in the field of river barge transportation of petrochemicals. Review of the VOC policy shows that barges neither fall under an integrated pollution prevention and control permit nor any other regulation or incentive related environmental policy. Current situation and trend in this area is presented through a case study of the Danube River, Serbia. The case study shows that evaporative losses have increased c ca 22 times in period 2006-2010 and, that vapour collection system can reduce VOC emissions by up to 3 times. A proposal for improved VOC policy has been developed in detail based on the following elements: a) The appropriate Best Available Techniques reference document (BREF) should include the transport sector; b) Mandatory reporting of VOC emitted during barge transport of crude oil and crude oil derivates should be introduced, and c) A pollution charge should be introduced on all barges without vapour collection system installed "onboard". Three potential scenarios for the VOC charge are presented, which vary according to the charge introducing dynamics. The differences between scenarios are in initial levels of charge, but the final charge is same for all three and it is proposed to be 220 (sic) per capacity ton.

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the production of six types of dairy products/pasteurized and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, yoghurt, cream, butter and cheese/from seven dairy plants of different capacities processing 36% of raw milk in Serbia. A total of 29 life cycle assessment calculations have been performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering three subsystems: 'dairy farm', 'dairy plant' and 'waste and waste water treatment'. Structured surveys in selected dairies have been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Six environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog and human toxicity. The focus of the research was put on global warming potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential. As a general finding, this study confirmed previous research that the largest contributor to the environmental profile is the raw milk production at dairy farms. Contributions of the dairy processing plants are mainly due to energy requirement and inputs of goods at the dairy gate. Mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the choice of the production! packaging portfolio, energy fuel profile, water optimization and waste management.

The objective of this paper was to assess the environmental performance of the production of six types of dairy products/pasteurized and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk, yoghurt, cream, butter and cheese/from seven dairy plants of different capacities processing 36% of raw milk in Serbia. A total of 29 life cycle assessment calculations have been performed to identify and quantify the environmental impacts from a cradle-to-grave perspective covering three subsystems: 'dairy farm', 'dairy plant' and 'waste and waste water treatment'. Structured surveys in selected dairies have been conducted in order to collect life cycle inventory input data. Six environmental impact potentials were calculated in this study: global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog and human toxicity. The focus of the research was put on global warming potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential. As a general finding, this study confirmed previous research that the largest contributor to the environmental profile is the raw milk production at dairy farms. Contributions of the dairy processing plants are mainly due to energy requirement and inputs of goods at the dairy gate. Mitigation options for optimization of environmental impacts rely on the choice of the production! packaging portfolio, energy fuel profile, water optimization and waste management.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.

The paper presents a model of seasonal water pricing (SWP) aimed primarily at diminishing excessive fresh water use in the city of Belgrade. Seasonal prices are determined on meteorological observations of the average monthly temperatures and the total monthly precipitations in the period from 2000 to 2010, and their deviations from the thirty year normal levels. The SWP operation is based on an ex-post price determination, and it conveys a signal to water users on resource scarcity. Not knowing ex ante how high their monthly bill is going to be, but aware of the price-setting rule, consumers will be in a situation to change their pattern of behaviour towards a more sustainable water use. Potential of the SWP model implementation are a) pushing consumers towards rationality, b) valuable resource conservation and c) enabling the water supply company to cover peak-season supply and the related costs. The SWP model has been created for the Belgrade Water and Wastewater Company, but might be easily implemented in all other cities with the same problems.