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This paper presents an energy-sharing market coupled with carbon emission trading to quantify peer-to-peer energy-sharing markets' economic and environmental influences. We establish a bi-level peer-to-peer energy sharing market considering the interaction between energy prosumers and the system operator. An interaction algorithm and generalized Nash game are thus applied in this work. With the simulation results, we find that the daily disutility of provincial systems is reduced by about 7 ¥ when time-of-use electricity rates are applied. This pricing strategy can encourage prosumers to participate in energy-sharing transactions. The subsidies of electricity rates, carbon prices, and renewable energy investments can improve the social welfare of the whole system. Considering the development of power generation technology and emission reduction targets, the change of optimization parameters in the next 30 years is analyzed in the example. It can be concluded that the total CO2 emission in 2050 will be reduced to almost half of that in 2020 in the energy-sharing markets. The subsidy of renewable energy generation and stricter CO2 emission constraints may accelerate the reduction of carbon emissions. [Display omitted] • It is the first time to assess the environmental effect of peer-to-peer energy trading with actual data. • We analyze the peer-to-peer energy trading impacts on the carbon emission amount in China. • We compare the market participants' revenue and CO2 emission considering the different scenarios. • We develop a bi-level coupled emission right trading market to verify whether total emission is reduced. • The development of technologies and various energy structures are considered quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy is of great significant for carbon emission reduction. To estimate the impact on carbon emissions of digital economy, this paper conducts nonlinear analysis with the combination of spatial DURBIN model (SDM) and panel threshold model (PTM). Moreover, this paper decomposes the carbon emissions reduction effect into direct part and spatial spillover part, further analyzes the action mechanism from the perspective of technology progress, energy use and industrial structure. The empirical results indicate that the digital economy and carbon emissions have inverted U-shaped relationship. Similarly, the spatial spillover effect of digital economy on carbon emissions is also inverted-U shape. The digital economy increases first and then reduces the carbon emissions. The robustness tests and endogenous analysis both support above conclusions. Compared with the indirect effect, the direct effect of digital economy on carbon emissions is significantly greater. Moreover, the long-term effect of digital economy on carbon emissions is greater than the short-term effect. The impact of digital economy on carbon emissions exists regional heterogeneity. Different from the eastern and central regions, the digital economy in western region promotes carbon emissions monotonically. The impact of digital economy on carbon emissions faces significant resource endowment thresholds, urban scale thresholds and innovative capability thresholds. The increase of energy use and non-green technology progress are the main paths to influence local carbon emissions in short term, while the green technology progress and industrial structure upgrade become dominant paths in long term. The active demonstration of industrial structure upgrade and technology spillovers drive the spillover effect of digital economy on carbon emissions in long term. This paper suggests that, the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutral needs to strengthen the digital economy and promote the regional cooperation in environmental governance. The green integration of digital economy and traditional industries is of great significant for carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]