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Due to high oil content and complex composition, Kitchen waste (KW) is refractory for biotreatment and easily causes environmental burden, especially in Sichuan area with greasy cooking habits. To facilitate KW composting, a nitrogen-retaining & decomposing-promoting microbial agent (NRDPMA) was constituted with functional bacteria to decompose refractory substances, retain nutrients, and reduce gas emission. With NRDPMA, high-temperature period was achieved 2 days earlier and extended by 6 days, shorting the process by 15 days. 36.57% less NH 3 and 22.30% less H 2 S were released. The total nitrogen of the compost product was increased by 17.14%. Functional bacteria in NRDPMA (e. g. Bacillus , Pseudomonas , and Oceanobacillus) displayed obvious advantages throughout composting, which reshaped microbial community composition and drove material transformation. PICRUST2 prediction confirmed a higher gene occurrence related to metabolism of lipid, lignocellulose, and nitrogen. The great decomposing and transformation capacity made NRDPMA an alternative to improve the efficiency of composting on recycling such lipid-containing waste. And functional bacteria targeting refractory components should be included for biotreatment of waste. This study should give a new perspective on industrial KW composting. [Display omitted] • 6 days longer high-temperature period with 36.57% less NH 3 and 22.30% less H 2 S. • NRDPMA conserved 17.14% higher nitrogen with 15 days shorter composting period. • Functional bacteria of NRDPMA targeting lipid, starch, and cellulose played a crucial role. • NRDPMA participated in all the composting periods, drove microbial community change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]