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China has developed eight bases to boost the large-scale exploitation of wind power, thereby achieving great success in recent years. In this study, we propose an adjusted technical innovation diffusion model to explore the optimal development paths for the eight bases until 2030. Considering environmental differences, the model mainly takes the following factors into account: economic factors, grid construction, coordination of departments, power system failure and technology diffusion. In addition, we classify the bases into four groups according to their geographical locations and economic development to investigate the common characteristics affecting their development. The empirical analysis indicates that all eight bases may achieve their development goals by 2020, but not all may reach their 2030 goals under most circumstances. The effect of incentive policies varies significantly among regions due to differences in available resources and economic development. Grid availability act as the biggest obstacle to wind power development in regions with abundant resources and underdeveloped economies, whereas a subsidy is the key driver of wind power diffusion in developed regions. • It has explored the optimal development paths for eight wind power bases. • Grid availability is the biggest obstacle in regions with abundant resources. • Financial subsidy is the key driver to wind power diffusion in developed regions. • Not all bases may achieve their goals by 2020 or 2030 under most circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting urine-recycling technologies can support a transition to circular nutrient management systems. Although these technologies have been developed since the 1990s, their large-scale implementation remains limited. From a technological innovation system (TIS) perspective, "knowledge development and diffusion" is a critical function in the development phase. Yet, available methods in the literature to evaluate this function are not standardized. Hence, this study aims to fill this literature gap by developing a novel multi-criteria framework for evaluating knowledge functions. Several characteristics of emerging technologies are reflected in the criteria, including the rate of growth, novelty, diffusion, and relationship to incumbent systems. The knowledge base was measured by bibliometric analysis of publications obtained from comprehensive mapping. Results showed that the rate of publications and knowledge diffusion increased sharply in 2011–2021 compared to 1990–2010. However, the function still has insufficiency in some criteria. The lack of innovation in scientific research and the diversification of technologies were found to be impediments. The analysis also identified the lock-in of conventional technologies and centralized infrastructures in terms of publication dominance as another impediment. For the TIS to be legitimate and to grow, more pilot-scale implementations at a higher level are recommended to demonstrate that the technology works in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting urine-recycling technologies can support a transition to circular nutrient management systems. Although these technologies have been developed since the 1990s, their large-scale implementation remains limited. From a technological innovation system (TIS) perspective, "knowledge development and diffusion" is a critical function in the development phase. Yet, available methods in the literature to evaluate this function are not standardized. Hence, this study aims to fill this literature gap by developing a novel multi-criteria framework for evaluating knowledge functions. Several characteristics of emerging technologies are reflected in the criteria, including the rate of growth, novelty, diffusion, and relationship to incumbent systems. The knowledge base was measured by bibliometric analysis of publications obtained from comprehensive mapping. Results showed that the rate of publications and knowledge diffusion increased sharply in 2011–2021 compared to 1990–2010. However, the function still has insufficiency in some criteria. The lack of innovation in scientific research and the diversification of technologies were found to be impediments. The analysis also identified the lock-in of conventional technologies and centralized infrastructures in terms of publication dominance as another impediment. For the TIS to be legitimate and to grow, more pilot-scale implementations at a higher level are recommended to demonstrate that the technology works in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There might not be enough market demand to foster continuous technological development of eco-innovation in its initial stage due to its low-cost competitiveness. Therefore, demand induced by policy can play an important role for eco-innovation. Existing studies indicate that demand-side policy significantly impacts the development and diffusion of new technologies. However, the mechanism of how demand-side policy facilitates innovation is unclear. This study hypothesizes that policy-induced demand affects production activities, and verifies that these production activities promote innovative output. We analyze the solar photovoltaic sector of 14 major countries from 1999 to 2016. The estimations are conducted using panel fixed-effects regression and three-stage least squares (3SLS). The results confirm the mechanism by which policy-induced demand positively impacts production activities and the expansion of production contributes to innovation performance. This helps us to understand the importance of demand-side policy for eco-innovation. Furthermore, our study, by unpacking the mediating mechanisms of production that transmit the effects of demand-side policy, offers pragmatic reasons for the need for policy-makers pursuing eco-innovation to engage in encouraging production activity. • We study the effect of demand-side policy on eco-innovation in solar PVs. • The increase of production in solar PVs is induced by demand-side policy. • Eco-innovation in solar PVs is positively related with demand-side policy. • Production positively mediates the impact of demand-side policy on eco-innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative technologies search efficient ways of environmental preservation allied to organizational advantages. The innovation is an approach that contributes to understand the relationship between society, economy and environment. The technology parks are considered propitious environment for the development of innovative technologies. The Itaipu Technological Park (ITP) hosts eco-innovation projects in renewable energy in a dynamics that can be explained by Geels' (2006) multilevel perspective (MLP) on the socio-technical transition theory. This article's objective is to analyze the four innovations developmental trajectory in renewable energy of ITP, from the MLP multiphase analysis. The multiple case study of qualitative nature, the main applied technique was interviews. Out of the examined cases, two innovations are in the technical specialization phase, whereas the other two are in the diffusion and in the technology advancement phase. The results show that the ITP created a suitable environment for eco-innovation development companies in renewable energy. • A multi-phase analysis of four renewable energy highlighted the process of institutionalization and installation of sustainable technology. • The knowledge evolution creates an ingrained evolution trajectory in a cumulative knowledge. • The ITP has presented itself in a favorable environment for the development of new energy technology. • More appropriate laws that encourage the development of these and other energy technologies are challenges. • New socio-technical occupations are challenges for the spread of energy innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]