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Myiasis is the infestation of the tissues and organs of animals or man by fly larvae. Ophthalmic myiasis has been reported from various world regions. In this study, we are presenting the clinical manifestations of external ophthalmomyiasis which was caused by the larvae of the sheep nasal botfly, Oestrus ovis, in 10 patients in the Tirunelveli and the Tuticorin districts of Tamil Nadu state India. All the patients were farmers, who worked in close contact with sheep and goats. All the patients presented with severe conjunctivitis. The larvae were observed in the bulbar conjunctiva and following their removal, the symptom of eye inflammation improved in a few hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nosocomial pathogens can survive on inanimate surfaces for long periods of time. Therefore, the personal items which are used by HCWs such as mobile phones, wristwatches and pens can be continuous sources for the transmission of infections in the absence of regular surface disinfection practices. Aims: The aim of the study was to measure the rate of bacterial hand and wrist contamination, particularly that which was caused by Staphylococcus aureus, amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) who wore wristwatches. Methods and Materials: The wrists and the hands of hospital-based healthcare workers (HCWs) were sampled for bacterial contamination in two consecutive, cross-sectional cohort studies of wristwatch wearers and non-wristwatch wearers. In the first study, the wrists were sampled by using skin swabs and the hands were sampled by direct plate inoculation. In the second study, the wrists were sampled after each HCW removed the watch immediately prior to the sampling. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was found on the hands of 64% wristwatch wearers and 36% non-wristwatch wearers in the first study. The watch wearers had higher counts of bacteria on their wrists than on their hands. In the second study, the removal of the watch prior to the sampling resulted in increased counts of bacteria on both the hands as well as on the watch wrist as compared to that in the non-watch wearers. Wearing a wristwatch results in an increase in the bacterial contamination on the wrist, but excess hand contamination does not occur unless the watch is manipulated. Conclusions: Wearing a wristwatch results in an increase in the bacterial contamination on the wrist, but excess hand contamination does not occur unless the watch is manipulated. This study emphasizes the importance of increased hand hygiene compliance and the surface disinfection of the personal items which are used by the HCWs. The regular surface disinfection of these items and also regular hand washing can contribute to a reduction in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens in the health care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Acinetobacter spp. are gaining importance as a potential pathogen in neonatal septicaemia because of its frequent isolation and multidrug resistance. The aim of the present study is to investigate the incidence of Acinetobacter septicaemia in neonates and its antibiotic resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with signs suggestive of sepsis were recruited into this prospective study. Blood culture and Antibiotic sensitivity test were carried out. Results: Out of 50, 14 were blood culture positive, Acinetobacter accounted for 5 (35.7%) of the blood culture positive sepsis. Other organisms were Citrobacter koseri(7.14%) Klebsiella oxytoca(7.14%), Staphylococcus aureus(14.29%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.42%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.14%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci(7.14%). The organism was sensitive to Ampicillin (20%), Ciprofloxacin (40%), Amikacin (40%),Gentamicin(60),Doxycycline(20%),Cefotaxime(60%),Meropenem(100%),Imipenem(100%),Piperacillin+Tazobactam (100%). Conclusions: Low birth weight and preterm delivery are the potential risk factors of Acinetobacter sepsis. Sensitivity of Acinetobacter has changed over the years, previously they are sensitive to cephalosporins but now they have become resistant to it. High incidence of sepsis in institutional delivery indicates that the theatre protocol should be maintained.28% of cases were only culture positive, remaining clinical sepsis cases must be investigated for anaerobic infection. To prevent acinetobacter sepsis every hospital should follow infection control policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]