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Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, liver cancer stem cells（LCSC） have been considered one of the main causes of treatment failure and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC). Many studies have shown that LCSC are a small fraction of cells with the abilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in HCC tumor, which can initiate the onset of HCC and affect its proliferation, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. Therapies based on tumor microenvironment（TME） have been developed recently, and a number of studies have found that targeting the relevant elements of TME has a higher therapeutic value than targeting tumor cells themselves. TME is the microenvironment for the growth of LCSC and HCC cells, and it interacts with LCSC and has a synergistic effect, thereby playing a positive role in the development and progression of HCC. This article introduces how various cellular components and non-cellular components in TME interact with LCSC to regulate the development and progression of the HCC. In addition, this article also describes the molecular targets, therapies, and drugs associated with the main components of TME and LCSCs, in order to seek safer and more effective targeted therapies for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 on acute liver injury in a mouse model of sepsis. Methods A total of 24 adult male C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control group, control+SS-31 group, lipopolysaccharide（LPS） group, and LPS+SS-31 group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice were given intraperitoneal injection of LPS（10 mg/kg） to establish a model of sepsis and acute liver injury, followed by intraperitoneal injection of SS-31（10 mg/kg） for treatment, and the mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of PBS solution, followed by intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline. After 12 hours, ELISA was used to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, reactive oxygen species（ROS）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNFα）, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, and interleukin-6（IL-6）, and HE staining was used to observe liver histopathological changes. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the LPS group, the LPS+SS-31 group had significant reductions in the serum levels of ALT（140.05±12.22 U/L vs 102.64±8.75 U/L, P<0.05） and AST（80.22±4.71 U/L vs 69.26±5.37 U/L, P<0.05） and the levels of ROS（1 030.21±115.87 pg/mL vs 847.84±63.65 pg/mL, P<0.05）, TNFα（767.18±60.60 ng/mL vs 698.89±16.99 ng/mL, P<0.05）, IL-1β（29.97±1.37 ng/mL vs 26.70±3.09 ng/mL, P<0.05）, and IL-6（59.13±7.09 pg/mL vs 49.29±3.41 pg/mL, P<0.05） in liver tissue. Compared with the control group based on HE staining, the LPS group showed destruction of hepatic lobular structure, inflammatory cell infiltration, ambiguous intercellular space, and hepatocyte swelling, while the LPS+SS-31 group showed alleviation of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte swelling. Conclusion The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31 can reduce the production of ROS, downregulate the highly expressed inflammatory factors in sepsis, and alleviate sepsis-related acute liver injury in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ｏｂjｅｃｔｉｖｅ　Ｔｏ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ｅｎｔｅｃａｖｉｒ ｏｒ ａｄｅｆｏｖｉｒ ｄｉｐｉｖｏｘｉｌ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｆｏｒ ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ Ｂ ｃｉｒｒｈｏｓｉｓ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｅｐａｔｏｇｅｎｏｕｓ ｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ. Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ　Ａ ｔｏｔａｌ ｏｆ 80 ｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ Ｂ ｃｉｒｒｈｏｓｉｓ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｅｐａｔｏｇｅｎｏｕｓ ｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ ｗｈｏ ｖｉｓｉｔｅｄ Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ Ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ ｏｆ Ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓ Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｅｎｒｏｌｌｅｄ，ａｎｄ ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｄｒｕｇ ｔｈｅｙ ｃｈｏｓｅ，ｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅ ｄｉｖｉｄｅｄ ｉｎｔｏ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ａｎｄ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ， ｗｉｔｈ 40 ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｅａｃｈ ｇｒｏｕｐ. Ｔｈｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｒａｌ ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｅｎｔｅｃａｖｉｒ 0. 5 ｍｇ ｑｄ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｉｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｒｅａｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｏｒａｌ ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｄｅｆｏｖｉｒ ｄｉｐｉｖｏｘｉｌ 10 ｍｇ ｑｄ. Ｔｈｅ ａｎｔｉｖｉｒａｌ ｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ｌａｓｔｅｄ ｆｏｒ 48 ｗｅｅｋｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｂｏｔｈ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃ ｄｉｅｔｓ ａｎｄ ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ，ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｌｉｖｅｒ - ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｔｒａｎｓａｍｉｎａｓｅ - ｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｎｇｅｓ ｉｎ ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ，ｖｉｒａｌ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ，ｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ ｉｎ ｌｉｖｅｒ ｓｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｗｅｒｅ ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ ｉｎ ｂｏｔｈ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｔ - ｔｅｓｔ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ ｏｆ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ｄａｔａ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃｈｉ - ｓｑｕａｒｅ ｔｅｓｔ ｗａｓ ｕｓｅｄ ｆｏｒ ｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ ｏｆ ｃａｔｅｇｏｒｉｃａｌ ｄａｔａ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ. Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　Ｔｈｅ ｖｉｒａｌ ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ａ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ （85％ ，34 /40）ａｎｄ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ （65％ ， 26 / 40）（χ2 ＝4. 27，Ｐ ＜0. 05）. Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ，ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｉｎ ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ （Ｐ ＜0. 05）. Ａｆｔｅｒ 48 ｗｅｅｋｓ ｏｆ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ，ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ｈａｄ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｌｅｖｅｌｓ ｏｆ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ ａｎｄ ｇｌｙｃｏｓｙｌａｔｅｄ ｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ ｔｈａｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ （ｂｌｏｏｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ:7. 53 ±1. 13 ｍｍｏｌ/ Ｌ ｖｓ 8. 34 ± 1. 12 ｍｍｏｌ/ Ｌ，ｔ ＝ 3. 220，Ｐ ＜ 0. 05；ｇｌｙｃｏｓｙｌａｔｅｄ ｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ:7. 23％ ± 0. 64％ ｖｓ 7. 79％ ± 0.84％ ，ｔ ＝3. 354；Ｐ ＜0. 05）. Ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ，ｌｉｖｅｒ ｓｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ａ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ａｎｄ ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｂ （16. 86 ± 5. 67 ｋＰａ ｖｓ 19. 47 ±5. 32 ｋＰａ，ｔ ＝2. 123，Ｐ ＜0. 05）. Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ　Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ａｄｅｆｏｖｉｒ ｄｉｐｉｖｏｘｉｌ，ｅｎｔｅｃａｖｉｒ ｃａｎ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ ｇｌｙｃｏｇｅｎ ｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ ａｎｄ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇ ｌｉｖｅｒ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ ｈｅｐａｔｏｃｙｔｅ ｒｅｐａｉｒ，ａｎｄ ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ａ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｂｌｏｏｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Hepatology / Linchuang Gandanbing Zazhi is the property of Journal of Clinical Hepatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the efficacy of entecavir combined with alprostadil in the treatment of hepatitis B-related cirrhotic ascites. MethodsA total of 100 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhotic ascites who were admitted to Dezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2012 to February 2014 were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients in both groups received the liver-protecting treatment, diuretic treatment, and intermittent supplementation of albumin(Alb). Additionally, the patients in the treatment group received oral entecavir 0.5 mg once a day, combined with intravenous infusion of alprostadil 20 μg+5% glucose injection 100 ml once a day, and those in the observation group only received oral entecavir 0.5 mg once a day. The patients were hospitalized and treated for 4 weeks. Ascites regression, changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), Alb, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and prothrombin activity (PTA) were observed in both groups. After discharge, the patients in both groups continued to take oral entecavir 0.5 mg once a day, and the long-term therapeutic effect was observed through follow-up for 3 months. The t-test was applied for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was applied for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThe patients in both groups had varying degrees of reduction in the amount of ascites after treatment, and the treatment group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group (χ2=6.018, P＜0.05). The patients in both groups had varying degrees of improvement in each index of liver and renal function (ALT, TBil, Alb, BUN, and Cr) and PTA after treatment; the treatment group had a better treatment outcome than the control group, and there were significant differences in each index after treatment between the treatment group and the control group (t=7.567, 6.875, -4.782, 6.786, 8.542, and 8.976, all P＜0.01). The patients in both groups had varying degrees of reduction in HBV DNA level after treatment (t=8.976 and 5.758, both P＜0.01), but HBV DNA level showed no significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P＞0.05). The patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge, and the treatment group had a better treatment outcome than the control group in terms of stabilization of liver and renal function and recurrence of ascites. ConclusionEntecavir combined with alprostadil has a good therapeutic effect in hepatitis B-related cirrhotic ascites, as well as a good long-term effect, and is worthy of clinical application. Entecavir monotherapy does not improve renal function significantly, but can improve liver function significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of telbivudine combined with adefovir dipivoxil and PEG-IFN-α-2a combined with entecavir as the antiviral therapy for HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and a high viral load. Methods A total of 80 previously untreated HBeAg-positive CHB patients with a high viral load who were treated in The Sixth People′s Hospital of Qingdao from November 2012 to November 2015 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The patients in group A were treated with telbivudine combined with adefovir dipivoxil, and those in group B were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2a combined with entecavir. Biochemical and virologic response rates and seroconversion rate were observed at weeks 12, 24, and 48 of administration. The drug resistance rate and incidence rates of adverse events were observed in both groups. The Chi-square test was applied for comparision of categorical data between the two groups, and the t-test was applied for comparision of continuous data between the two groups. Results Biochemical and virologic response rates at weeks 12, 24, and 48 of administration showed no significant differences between the two groups. The seroconversion rates at weeks 12 and 24 of administration showed no significant differences between the two groups, while at week 48 of administration, group B had significantly higher HBeAg clearance rate and seroconversion rate than group A (45.0% vs 67.5%， 22.5% vs 45.0%，χ2=4.114 3 and 4.528 3, both P＜0.05). Group B had significantly higher incidence rates of adverse events than group A. Conclusion Telbivudine combined with adefovir dipivoxil and PEG-IFN-α-2a combined with entecavir can effectively inhibit the replication of high-load HBV DNA, delay disease progression, and realize HBeAg seroconversion. However, the two regimens have their own advantages and disadvantages and should be selected according to clinical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]