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Objective: We aimed to quantitatively study the characteristic of diaphragm and chest wall motion using free-breathing dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (D-MRI) in Chinese people with normal lung function. Methods: 74 male subjects (mean age, 37 ± 11 years old) were prospectively enrolled, and they underwent high-resolution CT(HRCT), pulmonary functional tests (PFTs), and D-MRI in the same day. D-MRI was acquired with a gradient-echo sequence during the quiet and deep breathing. The motion of the diaphragm and chest wall were respectively assessed by measuring thoracic anteroposterior diameter (AP), left–right diameter (LR), cranial–caudal diameter (CC), and thoracic area ratios between end-inspiration and end-expiration. The effect of age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking on respiratory muscle function was also analyzed. Results: The mean ratio of right and left AP was greater than that of LR on three transversal planes during both quiet and deep breathing. The mean ratio at the anterior diaphragm (AND, Quiet: 1.04 ± 0.03; Deep: 1.15 ± 0.09) was weaker than that of the apex (vs. APD, Quiet: 1.08 ± 0.05, p < 0.001; Deep: 1.29 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) and posterior diaphragm (vs. POD, Quiet: 1.09 ± 0.04, p < 0.001; Deep: 1.30 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) both in quiet and deep breathing. Compared with non-smokers, the left AP and thoracic area ratios in smokers were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, the ratios of AP, LR, CC, and thoracic area on each plane were similar among groups in different age and BMI. Conclusions: During both quiet and deep breathing, the chest wall motion is prominent in the anteroposterior direction. The motions of diaphragm apex and posterior diaphragm were more prominent than that of the anterior diaphragm. Smoking may affect the respiratory muscle mobility. Dynamic MRI can quantitatively evaluate the motion of respiratory muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Current studies focus on the prevalence rate of lung cancer in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-LID). Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of malignancies in patients with various subtypes of ILD. Methods: A total of 5350 patients diagnosed with ILD between January 2015 and December 2021 were retrospectively included. The prevalence of different malignancies and different ILDs was assessed using complete follow-up data. Results: A total of 248 patients (139 males; 65—IQR, 57 to 72—years) out of 5350 patients with ILD were confirmed with malignancies. A total of 69% of patients with ILD and malignances were older than 60 years old. The prevalence of malignancies in ILD patients was 4.6%, and lung cancer had the most common incidence of 1.9%, followed by malignancies in the digestive system of 0.9%. Among the different ILD subtypes, the prevalence of malignancies such as organizing pneumonia (OP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis-related ILD(AAV-ILD), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), CTD-ILD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), sarcoidosis, and other types of ILD was 6.8%, 5.0%, 4.7%, 4.3%, 2.5%, 2.2%, 1.2%, and 6.9%, respectively. The incidence of lung cancer as the most common tumor in IPF was 3.9%, with adenocarcinoma predominating (1.7%). The highest rate of malignancy occurring in RA of CTD-ILD was 2.4%. Conclusion: Older patients with ILD (≥60 years) including OP, IPF, AAV-ILD, NSIP, CTD-ILD, and HP, were associated with a higher incidence of malignancy, especially males aged from 60 to 69 years. These epidemiological results indicate that it is essential for physicians to pay more attention to the screening of and management strategies for different malignancies, according to the specific ILD subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]