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Background: Eosinophilia can be influenced by multiple factors. This study aims to set a protocol for monitoring blood absolute eosinophil count (AEC) in patients with seasonal allergy affected by bronchial asthma (BA), allergic rhinitis (AR), or chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis (CRSw/sNP). Methods: We planned a total of four annual blood samples to measure AEC in- and out-seasonal pollen exposure (i.e., one measurement every three months for one year). Results: We identified two distinct groups of patients (non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic). Patients in the eosinophilic group presented with four different patterns (episodic, transient, floating, and persistent). Most patients with episodic, transient, and floating patterns were affected by mild allergy and the increase in eosinophils was related to allergen exposure. In contrast, patients with the persistent pattern mostly presented with more severe allergy (i.e., severe BA and relapsing CRSwNP) and the eosinophilia was unrelated to allergen exposure. The subgroup of patients with severe BA, relapsing CRSwNP, and persistent eosinophilc pattern were treated with benralizumab, which induced a noteworthy improvement in both severe BA and CRSwNP. Conclusions: Multiple AEC measurements in patients with seasonal allergy can better reflect patient's eosinophilic status and help define the relationship of AEC enhancement with allergen exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although scalp defects can vary in size and thickness, scalp avulsion represents a rare occurrence. This type of lesion may have different origins, but it is usually related to long hair being caught in agricultural machinery. The management of full-thickness scalp defects poses a challenge to the head and neck surgeon due to the possible involvement of neurovascular structures and scar retraction, which can affect the esthetic restoration of the area. Several algorithms for the choice of scalp reconstruction have been proposed in the literature and different techniques are available for extensive scalp defect reconstruction (local soft tissue flap, microvascular free flap, and skin graft combined with dermal substitutes), based upon the scalp defect type. Here we describe six cases of patients with total scalp avulsion, which required a combined reconstruction with a split-thickness skin graft (STSG) and Integra® matrix immediately after the trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The scalp region represent a common area affected by benignant and malignant skin tumor, and it represents a surgical challenge when it is needed to be reconstructed. The aim of this study is to present our experience with full-thickness scalp skin defects, reconstructed using Matriderm® dermal substitute and split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients treated for scalp region reconstruction was conducted with 16 patients. All patients underwent the same procedure: scalp full-thickness tumor excision with simultaneous reconstruction with Matriderm® and the application of a split-thickness skin graft in the same surgical time. During follow-ups, the surgical outcome was evaluated by accurate clinical examination of the wound, adopting the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). Results: The outcomes obtained were satisfying: wound healing at the end of the procedures was optimal, grafted skin resulted similar to surrounding tissue, and pigmentation and vascularity showed a decrease in the period between 6 months and 1 follow-up. Conclusions: The use of Matriderm® and split-thickness skin grafting for scalp full-thickness defects reconstruction resulted in an optimal, stable, and safe procedure, suitable for elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial surgery remains a challenge for surgeons in order to achieve the best results, both functionally and aesthetically. Current endoscopic application also includes facial traumatology, such as zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, frontal sinus fractures, mandibular condyle fractures, orbital floor fracture, and medial orbital wall fractures [[9]]. Surgical techniques, computer-assisted surgery, biomaterials research, and minimally invasive nonsurgical and surgical procedures for facial rejuvenation and reconstruction warrant in-depth investigation in order to ensure better results for patients. [Extracted from the article]