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Aims and objectives To understand the relation between the experience of violence and sociodemographic and clinical factors, and to determine whether diagnosed depression and the presence of anxiety and stress are related to having experienced workplace and domestic violence in different genders and age groups. Background Previous studies indicate that domestic and workplace violence increase the risk of suffering from depression. However, no studies have evaluated these two types of violence in a same cohort. Design and methods We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study from 317 individuals randomly selected from the population in southern Catalonia (Spain). Sociodemographic and Goldberg anxiety–depression questionnaires were administered by telephone survey to 160 men and 157 women in December 2008. The data obtained were analysed by a logistic regression model. Results A quarter of the individuals had suffered from violence: 48·29% of them had experienced domestic violence and 32·9% had experienced workplace violence. Nearly half of the individuals with depression had experienced violence. No statistical difference has been observed between domestic and workplace violence regarding diagnosed depression. Women were twice as likely as men to have suffered from violence. People working outside their home and those who claimed to have no social support had a greater risk of suffering from violence. A greater consumption of medication, above all of psychotropic drugs, is associated with experiencing violence and with greater comorbidity. Predictive factors for suffering from depression are being women, having experienced violence, having suffered stress or anxiety, having little or no social support, having overload of task or having no secondary education and no tertiary education. Conclusions This study suggests that when considering depression, anxiety and stress, especially in women, we must take into account whether an individual has suffered violence. Relevance to clinical practice Identifying violence can help health professionals, managers and researchers improve care and reduce suffering in families and communities.

Aims and objectives To produce changes in the therapeutic relationship between clinical practice nurses and patients in psychiatric units by implementing evidence-based practices through participatory action research. Background The therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of nursing care in psychiatric units. The literature suggests that theoretical knowledge alone is insufficient to establish the therapeutic relationship in practice. Therefore, strategies are needed to adequately establish the therapeutic relationship in psychiatric units. Design Participatory action research. Methods Participants consisted of nurses from two psychiatric units of a university hospital. Data were collected through focus groups and reflective diaries, which were analysed using the content analysis method. The COREQ guidelines were followed to ensure rigour. Results Nurses conceptualised the therapeutic relationship in their practice, identifying facilitating elements and limitations. They were able to compare their clinical practice with the recommendations of scientific evidence and constructed three evidence-based proposals to improve the therapeutic relationship: (a) a customised nurse intervention space, (b) knowledge updating and (c) reflective groups, which they subsequently implemented and evaluated. Conclusions This study shows that nurses in psychiatric units can generate changes and improvements in the therapeutic relationship. The process of implementing evidence-based practice enhanced participants' awareness of their clinical practice and allowed them to make changes and improvements. Relevance to clinical practice The process confirmed that the implementation of evidence-based practice through participatory methods, such as participatory action research, is valid and produces lasting changes. This study also reveals the need to rethink nurses' functions and competencies in current psychiatric units.

Aims and objectives To identify which are the needs arised from feelings, perceptions and experiences of the family members during any time within the death process in an emergency service of an acute care hospital, with regard to the assistance received. Background The publications refer to the needs expressed by bereaved families, who explain the support they received right after the death of a relative in an emergency service, and during the months after the tragedy. Design Qualitative study drawing on grounded theory based on Charmaz (2006). Methods Ten interviews were conducted to a member of each family, who had been in an emergency service with a relative during any of the stages of the dying process. Data were collected from September 2015-June 2016. The analysis was made while data were being collected. Three types of codification were carried out: open, axial and selective. Theoretical saturation was achieved after data collection and analysis. Results Three thematic categories emerged: the power of information/communication (a), decisions taken by professionals within the dimension of caring (b) and the humanisation of death in emergency services (c). Conclusions The quality of the information given to families in the process of death in an emergency service affects to their satisfaction. Family support must be essential in a situation of death. Institutions must guarantee standards of practice, which include orientation on the care of people in bereavement, and the commitment to provide specialised attention those families. Relevance to clinical practice Research findings reveal the need to create changes within clinical practice, regarding how to take care of the family involved in a death process in an emergency service. From the needs detected by the participants, it could be possible to implement an interventional programme, which offers the relatives the emotional support they may need.