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Objectives: Despite the increasing consensus that moral injury (MI) is a unique type of psychological stressor, there is an ongoing debate about best practices for psychological care. This qualitative study explored the perceptions of UK and US professionals in the field of MI investigating advances and challenges in treatment or support delivery and issues relating to treatment/support feasibility and acceptability. Methods: 15 professionals were recruited. Semi‐structured, telephone/online interviews were carried out, and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Two interconnected themes emerged: perceived barriers to appropriate care for MI cases and recommendations for providing effective care to MI patients. Professionals highlighted the challenges that occur due to the lack of empirical experience with MI, the negligence of patients' unique individual needs and the inflexibility in existing manualised treatments. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the need to evaluate the effectiveness of current approaches and explore alternative pathways, which will effectively support MI patients in the long‐term. Key recommendations include the use of therapeutic techniques which lead to a personalised and flexible support plan to meet patients' needs, increase self‐compassion and encourage patients to reconnect with their social networks. Interdisciplinary collaborations (e.g., religious/spiritual figures), could be a valuable addition following patients' agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summary, the findings of this investigation support the concurrent validity of many of the MMPJ scales for DSM-III personality disorders. The failure of some MMPI scales to show adequate convergent validity is probably due to inappropriate criterion measures. Of course, the results of this study are based on a relatively small sample of psychiatric patients and need to be replicated on other populations that have higher representations of outpatients. Also, because patients were referred for psychological testing, they may constitute a sample of more "difficult" or "interesting" patients. This limitation should be kept in mind when conclusions are drawn from these results. In addition, other external criterion measures should be utilized in order to advance the validity of both the MMPI and MCMI personality disorder scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of DSM-III personality disorder scales recently were developed for the MMPI. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide data on the concurrent validity of these scales. Scores from both the overlaps ping and nonoverlapping MMPI Personality disorder scales were compared against the criterion of the Personality disorder scales of the MCMI in 47 psychiatric patients. In general, the MMPI personality scales correlated significantly with the corresponding MCMI scales. However, the antisocial (ANT), compulsive (CPS), and paranoid (PAR) scales of the MMPI failed to achieve adequate Concurrent validity. For the ANT scale, this probably reflects conceptual differences between the Muon (1981) typology that underlies the MCMI and the DSM-III. The PAR scale appears to show some bias toward the assessment of paranoid and suspicious ideation, rather than paranoid personality characteristics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports that the need for differential assessment and treatment within alcoholic populations seems unquestionable nonetheless. Potentially useful typologies have been derived and partially validated for different sophisticated, broad spectrum objective instruments, such as the Differential Personality Inventory or the Personality Research Form. A better strategy appears to be an Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-based typology with additional measures of specific meaning in the treatment of the clinical population of choice, and even the setting.

The article presents a study, which is the analysis of the MMPI results, obtained by means of differing methods of grouping for interpretation. These groupings are compared with each other and with current literature on typologies of MMPI results in such patients. The particular methods and findings described here are held to have potential generalizability to some pain clinics in which the MMPI is used for psychodiagnosis. Given the developments described above, it appears that the MMPI has promise as an instrument that will allow more precise psychological definition of chronic pain patients.

The article explores an interpersonal-Jungian interface through links of divergent personality measures. Whether this burgeoning variety is regarded more as a manifestation of promising intellectual and scientific ferment, may well be determined by one's own personal construct system. The present work had the modest aim of reducing this ambiguity by examining the interface of personality measures divergent in both theory and method. The issue was addressed by correlating measures from nomothetic Interpersonal Check List (ICL), the prototypical interpersonal instrument, with scores from a new ipsative personality inventory developed to represent Jung's psychological types.

The article examines the frequency of MMPI profile types in three chronic illness populations. Little is known about the frequency of various clinically used code types in chronic illness populations or about the utility of code typology in prediction and treatment planning. It has been noted that most often, clinical interpretation of the MMPI utilizes configural or profile analysis. It has also been noted that most MMPI research has focused only on single scale comparisons. This study develops sorting rules to identify four common MMPI configurations, which have been applied to four sample populations consisting of 157 chronic low back pain patients, migraine headache patients, hypertensives, and diabetics. The study shows no differences in frequencies of these profile types among the groups, although the chronic low back pain patients did have more elevated profiles. Variables of age, chronicity of illness and gender did not seem to influence profile type, while some differences have been reported between patients who rated themselves high and low in activity limitation due to the illness.

The article focuses on the reliability and validity study of the Sufi personality typology enneagram. The personality typology originated in the Naqshbandi order of Sufism. According to this theory, each individual is disposed inherently to experience and respond to reality in one of nine styles. This base is one's essence or gentline self, the locus of one's inner resources and strengths. The personal will realize his full potential and live in harmony with the world, in freely surrendering to his essence or genuine style. While the pentagram typology has been corroborated and elaborated by experience and intuition since its inception in the 14th century, it has not yet been subjected to any formal empirical research. The individuals have been introduced to the enneagram, through workshops and classes conducted by the senior authors and others. Almost two-thirds or 239 of the original 390 Ss responded to the survey. One-way ANOVAs of the nine enneagram types by each of the Millon scales and each of the Myers-Briggs raw score and converted score scales demonstrated highly significant and congruent differences among the enneagram types. The enneagram also offers heuristic value for the study of personality structure and dynamics.

This article presents an argument related to types of mental illness. The standard psychiatric nomenclature for the functional psychoses offers a series of definitions or descriptions of patient types or categories. Under schizophrenia, for instance, may be found a simple type, a hebephrenic type, a catatonic type, etc. The five typological analyses yielded 4 to 8 subgroups or types. To compare the various subgroups found and to determine which were equivalent, two stratified samples of 120 cases were assembled. Five cases were taken randomly from each of the subgroups found in each of the five analyses and represented in a stratified sample.

The article presents a study, which aims to validate a clinically derived typology of deaf rehabilitation clients by means of standard psychometric procedures. The clinical descriptions that comprise the typology were developed in conjunction with a vocational rehabilitation program that serves deaf clients at the St. Louis Jewish Employment and Vocational Service. Forty-two deaf clients who were receiving intensive rehabilitation services prescribed by their counselors through use of a 42-item Personality Q-sort instrument. A Q-factor analysis was performed to cluster the clients into homogeneous groups.

The article presents information on trait-universes. It is helpful to distinguish, at the outset, between the psychological matters involved in type psychology, and their formal, logical or psychometric representation. A sufficient basis for representing type psychologies is to be found in Q-technique, that is, in terms of correlations between persons. The central idea is a simple one, it consists of defining universes of traits or similar observable characteristics which can be sampled. The sample is then used to describe, as a statistical distribution, certain aspects of personality; finally these descriptions about persons are correlated and examined in terms of suitable factor theorems. Ideally, trait-universes consist of innumerable "units of behavior," or "observable characteristics".

This article discusses psychological types and changes with age. A considerable quantity of observations concerning retests, self and supplementary-estimates, psychiatric estimates, discrepancies; discrimination of the given estimate as relating to true inborn type or admired type or imagined type or overt type; ambivalence and overlying factors like emotions, all part and parcel of so-called clinical experience, have been discussed in a separate paper. One thousand subjects in age groups from 10 to 80 with equal incidence of each sex have been tabulated in various relations and reported in other papers. The persons observed were unselected, the questionnaire being offered wherever opportunity was found.